英汉语篇衔接对比与翻译

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

英汉语篇衔接对比与翻译

【2004年8级测试汉译英】

①在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。②人是很有趣的,往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。③这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。④开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候,印象很好。⑤吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。⑥愈吃愈趋于冷静,吃完了这顿宴席,缺点就都找出来了。⑦于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备挑剔,转首肯为摇头。⑧这是因为,第一,开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态,而饿了吃糠甜加蜜,饱了吃蜜也不甜。⑨第二,你初到一个餐馆,开始举筷时有新鲜感,新盖的茅房三天香,这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。

Cohesive devices 衔接手段

1. reference 照应

2. substitution 替代

3. ellipsis 省略

4. conjunction 连接

5. lexical cohesion 词汇衔接

----- Halliday & Hasan

Cohesion in English

重复与替代

汉英两种语言的部分语篇衔接手段在使用上有所偏重,汉语更常使用原词复现和省略,而英语则更多使用照应和替代。

汉语倾向于用重复手段,而英语倾向于用替代手段。汉语不喜欢使用同义替代的手段,因为会使精神分散;也不喜欢使用代词,因为容易变得所指不明。结果由于强调重复,反而变成了某种意义上的“形合”。

开始吃的时候你正处在饥饿状态,而饿了吃糠甜加蜜

…as you start eating you are in hunger, and when you are in hunger chaff tastes as honey…(学生译文)

…as you start eating you are in hunger, when chaff tastes sweet as honey…(参考译文)

他这时来了,而这时我根本想不到他会来。

He came at a time when I least expected him.

那是一个寒冷潮湿的晚上,这样的晚上大部分人待在家里。

It was one of those cold, wet evenings when most people stayed at home.

Vice versa 用来替代

汉语两个子句意思是相对的,转折的,英语可用替代词vice versa,the other way round

E.g.

We gossip about them and vice versa . (they gossip about us )

为了推动中美关系的发展,中国需要进一步了解美国,美国也需要进一步了解中

国。To promote the development of China U.S. relations, China needs to know the United States and vice versa.

饿了吃糠甜加蜜,饱了吃蜜也不甜

1. Even chaff tastes sweet as honey when one is hungry, whereas honey doesn’t taste sweet at all when one is full. (S1)

For hungry ones ordinary food becomes a delicious one as if it is mixed with honey, however when they are full, even honey will not taste so sweet. (S2)

The least tasteful food taste sweet when you are hungry, while the sweetest honey tastes nothing special when you’re full. (S3)

Husks will taste like honey when you are hungry, and vice versa. (参考译文)

省略

省略和替代一样,也是避免重复的一个常用手段。两者常常互相替代使用。也称作“零位替代” zero-substitution

省略与英语以形合为主,汉语以意合为主的结论并不矛盾。对英语来说,省略是形合的补充;而对汉语来说,省略是对意合的补充。

动词性省略

Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。

Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.

读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。

他们忘记了少数服从多数,下级服从上级,局部服从全体,全党服从中央的民主集中制。

They forget the system of democratic centralism in which the minority is subordinate to the majority, the lower level to the higher level, the part to the whole and the entire membership to the Central Committee.

于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备挑剔,转首肯为摇头。

Consequently, delight changes to anger; praise changes to blame; and nodding head changes to shaking head.

Consequently, satisfaction is switched into anger, compliment into blame and fastidiousness, and nodding into shaking one’s head.

Therefore, happiness turns into anger, praise into criticism, and head-nodding into head-shaking.

Consequently, your joy would give way to anger; your praises would to criticism or even fault-finding; and your nodding in agreement to shaking the head. (参考译文)

名词性省略

正因为是一种以意合为主的语言,汉语中最常见的省略是主语的省略,而谓语的省略则较少。

申小龙(1989:196)则把汉语中主语的省略看作是“汉民族天人合一的哲学思想在语言中的表现”,因而汉语中的主语往往可以蕴涵在行为事件的主观表现中。

以汉语为母语的人的传统思维中还常常反映出某种隐性的主体意识。隐性主体意

相关文档
最新文档