数据库重要术语(中英文)

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单词汇总(数据库专业一点的词汇其实主要就是每章后面review items的内容,在这里简单列一下,如果你实在没时间看书,至少这些单词要认识。):

1.数据库系统:database system(DS),database management system(DBMS)

2.数据库系统(DS),数据库管理系统(DBMS)

3.关系和关系数据库table= relation,column = attribute属性,domain, atomic domain, row= tuple,

relational database, relation schema, relation instance, database schema, database instance;

4.表=关系,列=属性属性,域,原子域,排=元组,关系型数据库,关系模式,关系实例,数

据库模式,数据库实例;

1.key们: super key, candidate key, primary key, foreign key, referencing relation, referenced

relation;

2.超码,候选码,主码,外码,参照关系,被参照关系

5.关系代数(relational algebra):selection, project, natural join, Cartesian product, set operations,

union, intersect, set difference ( except\minus), Rename, assignment, outer join, grouping, tuple relation calculus

6.(关系代数):选择,项目,自然连接,笛卡尔积,集合运算,集,交集,集合差(除\负),

重命名,分配,外连接,分组,元组关系演算

7. sql组成:

DDL:数据库模式定义语言,关键字:create

DML:数据操纵语言,关键字:Insert、delete、update

DCL:数据库控制语言,关键字:grant、remove

DQL:数据库查询语言,关键字:select

8.

3.SQL语言:DDL,DML,DCL,QL,sql query structure, aggregate functions, nested subqueries,

exists(as an operator), unique(as an operator), scalar subquery, assertion, index(indices), catalogs, authorization, all privileges, granting, revoking, grant option, trigger, stored procedure, stored function

4.SQL语言:DDL,DML,DCL,QL,SQL查询结构,聚合函数,嵌套子查询,存在(如运

营商),独特的(如运营商),标量子查询,断言指数(指数),目录,授权,所有权限,授予,撤销,GRANT OPTION,触发器,存储过程,存储函数

9.表结构相关:Integrity constraints, domain constraints, referential integrity constraints

10.完整性约束,域名约束,参照完整性约束

5.数据库设计(ER 模型):Entity-Relationship data model, ER diagram, composite attribute,

single-valued and multivalued attribute, derived attribute,binary relationship set, degree of relationship set, mapping cardinality,1-1, 1-m, m-n relationship set (one to one, one to many, many to many), participation, partial or total participation, weak entity sets, discriminator attributes, specialization and generalization

6.实体关系数据模型,ER图,复合属性,单值和多值属性,派生属性,二元关系集,关系集,

映射基数的程度,1-1,1-米,MN关系集合(一对一,一对多,多对多),参与部分或全部参与,弱实体集,分辨符属性,特化和概化

11.函数依赖理论:functional dependence, normalization, lossless join (or lossless) decomposition,

First Normal Form (1NF), the third normal form (3NF), Boyce-codd normal form (BCNF), R satisfies F, F holds on R, Dependency preservation保持依赖, Trivial, closure of a set of functional dependencies函数依赖集的闭包, closure of a set of attributes属性集闭包,

Armstrong’s axioms Armstrong公理, reflexivity rule自反律, augmentation rule,增广率, transitivity传递律, restriction of F to R i ,F在Ri上的限定,canonical cover正则覆盖,

extraneous attributes无关属性, decomposition algorithm分解算法.

7.函数依赖,规范化,无损连接(或无损)分解,第一范式(1NF),第三范式(3NF)BC范

式(BCNF),R满足F,F持有R,依赖保存,平凡,一组函数依赖封闭,一组属性,

8.事务:transition, ACID properties ACID特性,并发控制系统concurrency control system,故障恢

复系统recovery system,事务状态transition state, 活动的active, 部分提交的partially committed, 失败的failed, 中止的aborted, 提交的committed,已结束的terminated, 调度schedule,操作冲突conflict of operations, 冲突等价conflict equivalence,冲突可串行化conflict serializablity,可串行化顺序serializablity order,联级回滚cascading rollback,封锁协议locking protocol,共享(S)锁shared-mode lock (S-lock),排他(X)锁exclusive-mode lock (X-lock), 相容性compatibility, 两阶段封锁协议2-phase locking protocol, 意向锁intention lock, 时间戳timestamp, 恢复机制recovery scheme,日志log, 基于日志的恢复log-based recovery, 延迟的修改deferred modification, 立即的修改immediate modification, 检查点checkpoint.

数据库系统DBS Database System

数据库系统应用Database –system applications

文件处理系统file-processing system

数据不一致性data inconsistency

一致性约束consistency constraint

数据抽象Data Abstraction

实例instance

模式schema

物理模式physical schema

逻辑模式logical schema

物理数据独立性physical data independence

数据模型data model

实体-联系模型entity-relationship model(E-R)

关系数据模型relational data model

基于对象的数据模型object-based data model

半结构化数据模型semistructured data model

数据库语言database language

数据定义语言data-definition language

数据操纵语言data-manipulation language

查询语言query language

元数据metadata

应用程序application program

规范化normalization

数据字典data dictionary

存储管理器storage manager

查询管理器query processor

事务transaction

原子性atomicity

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