Lecture 11 汉英科技翻译常见问题(1) 科技翻译

4. 新的栽培品种比普通品种更加耐旱，且能 节水15%。
? The new cultivar is more tolerant to drought and can save 15% water comparing with the ordinary cultivars.
改译： The new cultivar is more tolerant of drought and can save 15% water compared with the ordinary cultivars.
改译： After the key problem had been overcome, the rest were easily solved.
二、搭配问题
英语词语搭配往往是固定的，不可随意改动 。搭配涉及动词、名词、介词等等。
1. 目前生物工程的研发主要集中在基因工程 产品的开发上。
? The recent R&D of bioengineering is focused in the development of genetic engineering products.
改译： The recent R&D of bioengineering is ed on the development of genetic engineering products.
2. 中国生物学家也在考虑加强生物多样性 的研究。
？Chinese biologists are also considering to strengthen the research on biodiversity.
改译：Much has been done recently in the research on superconductors
3. 关键问题攻克之后，其他问题就迎刃 而解了。
？After the key problem had been overcome, the rest was easily solved.
B. If this happens, simply tighten the screw with a screwdriver; otherwise, the handle may come off.
（二）范畴词。我们在汉语中习惯使用 一些范畴词（category nouns)（如问 题、情况、行为、现象、工作等），这 类名词其实只是对所涉及的具体名词的 归类，说明该具体名词所属的范畴。范 畴词如果译成英语并不具备实义，而只 会成为累赘，因此翻译时通常可以省略 不译。
1. 当他获得这些证据之后，就得出了以下结 论。
？After he had obtained these evidences, he drew the following conclusion.
改译1： After he had obtained the evidence, he drew the following conclusion.
改译2：Having obtained the evidence, he drew the following conclusion.
2. 近来在超导体研究方面做了大量工作。
？Much have been done recently in the researches on superconductors.
第十一章 汉英科技翻译常见问题（一）
汉英科技翻译是从母语译入英语，表达难度 更大，而且具有不同的特点，所以我们从问 题出发来进行讨论。
一、违反一致性原则 （agreement）
在英语中主语与谓语必须保持一致，代 词与其先行词（antecedent）在性（ gender）、数（number）上必须保持 一致，句子的时态也要保持一致，汉译 英时务必注意。
第一组： 1. Separation of A from B was effected.
2. A was separated from B. We separated A from B. （第二句更简明）
第二组：
1. The prolongation of the existence of this temple is due to the solidity of its construction.
2. This temple has endured because it was solidly built.
（第二句更简明，意义也没有损失。）
如果出现这种情况，只需用螺丝刀拧紧螺丝 ，如果不拧紧螺丝，就会导致把手脱落。
A. In such a case, simple application of a screwdriver should be used to tighten screw. Failure to tighten the screw can eventually lead to disengagement of the handle.
改译： Chinese biologists are also considering strengthening the research on biodiversity.
3. 每隔一天给植株浇水一次。
？Plants were watered in alternate days.
改译：Plants were watered on alternate days /every other day.
三、抽象名词、范畴词的翻译
（一）抽象名词。一般认为，写作时应尽量 少用抽象名词（abstract nouns），这一 点同样适用于科技文体。但这并不是说抽象 名词绝对不能使用，只是在翻译时应尽量避 免抽象名词，多使用动词和具体名词（ concrete noun ）
试比较下列各句，说出其中的差异
如： 1.我们要杜绝旷课现象。 2. 他们正在大力改进教学工作。