2018届高考英语阅读主旨大意题)

as diurnal beings.Yet it’s the only way to
explain what we’ve done to the night ： We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
54.What might be the best title for the
二、重难增分课 —攻克重难拉分型题目 主旨大意题 、 推理判断题 和 词义猜测题 这三种题型属于阅读理解中的重点 、 难点 ， 本课针对这三种易失分的题分别加以讲解 ， 以期在二轮有限的复习时间内帮助考生攻重 点、破难点，攻克薄弱点，才是增分点。
• 主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的 题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文 章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、 概括能力提出了较高的要求，文章中没有 明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、 抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括， 才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为 三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段 落大意题。
题型三 段落大意题 要准确概括某一段落的大意，务必要知道该段落的逻 辑结构。如该段是按总分结构组织 ，首句做总的说明，其 他句子对其进行具体论述 ，主题句就在段首；如果按分总 结构组织，主题句就在段尾；如是按分总分的结构组织 ， 则主题句就在这段话的中间；如是对比各事物 ，那么它们 的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
• But some other students may still worry about how to spend the long three years at high schools. Why? Because they didn't choose the school that suits (适合) them. And finally, when they are still wondering where to go, you are already able to live on your own hands proudly. And perhaps it won't be long before you are on the road to success.
• In a word, think carefully and see what kind of person you are. Remember, always choose things that suit you.
• 49. What can we learn from the passage? A. People should take the same road. • B. Key high school students must be good at making things. • C. Clever students are better at using their hands. • D. We should choose things that suit us. √
• Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
number of nocturnal( 夜 间 活 动 的 ) species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light.
This is a basic evolutionary fact ， even though most of us don’t think of ourselves
• Compared with common high schools, vocational schools have more advantages. Firstly, in order to promote (促进) the development of vocational education, our country spends a lot of money on it. So you need to pay only a small part of the school fee (学费). Secondly, in here you have already started learning practical skills that you can use all your life.
叮嘱考生：永远把主旨大意题放在最后做。 因为考生 需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类题目时， 考生不要急于去找答案 ，不论它出现在什么位置都把它作 为最后一道题来做。在做完另外几道题目后 ，无疑会有助 于考生加深对整篇文章的理解。
来自百度文库
题型一 标题归纳题 文章的标题是全文中心思想最精炼的表达。它的特点 是：短小精炼，多为一短语，涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖 全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小； 精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
标题应该是The Disappearing Night。
常见设问方式 Which of the following can be the best title for the text? What can be a suitable title for the text？
题型二 文章大意题 文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是 段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是 为文章整体中心思想服务的 。理解整篇文章 的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中 心的基础上的 。找出每小段的主题句 ，各段 主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。
浙江，C片段) [典例] (2015·
If humans were truly at home under the light of
the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，
the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast
• People take different roads because they have different potentials (潜力). So different students should choose different schools. Go to high school if you think that you can go farther on that road. Choose a key high school if you are lucky enough to have the chance. Enter a vocational school if you are interested in the lessons there and you are better at making things with your hands.
• 50. This passage is written to . A. advise some students to choose vocational √ schools B. talk about the advantages of common high schools C. discuss how to divide students into different groups D. compare different schools
常见设问方式 What does the author tell us in Paragraph...? The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________. The first paragraph is mainly about _____. Which of the following can best summarize Para. 1？
要做好主旨大意题， 我们首先必须了解 其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。 1．主旨大意题正确选项特征 (1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。 (2)确定的范围恰当 ， 既不太大 ， 也不 太小。 (3)精确性强 ， 不会改变语言表意的程 度及色彩。
2．主旨大意题干扰选项特征 (1)过于笼统，不知所云。所给选项内容概括的范围过 大，超出文章所述内容。 (2)以偏概全，主次不分。所给选项只阐述了文章的一 部分内容， 或以文章中的细节信息或个别字词作为选项的设 置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。 (3)移花接木，偷换概念。所给选项被命题者有意识地 把本属于 A 的内容放在 B 上，若不留神，极易选错答案。 (4)无中生有，生搬硬套。所给选项的关键词语虽然在 文章中谈到了，但选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
• （2014陕西）Are you going to high school to go on with your study? What will you do if you can't? Don't worry. Vocational (职业 的) schools are open for you because our country is in need of people with special skills.
常见设问方式 What is the main idea of the passage? The passage is mainly about ________. Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? Which of the following can best summarize the passage? What is the subject discussed in the passage？
•
(2016·浙江，C片段)
• Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn， but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort —the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world—is simply something that comes from our babyhood.
passage?(
)
A.The Magic Light B.The Orange Haze
C.The Disappearing Night √
D.The Rhythms of Nature
解析
解析
标题归纳题。整篇文章都在说明光污
染给生物带来的巨大影响，本来是宁静、舒
适的夜晚也被人类设计的灯光所影响。所以，