医学英语的构词特点

respirologist： 呼吸科学家
respire v. respiration respiratory
rheumatologist: 风湿病学家 rheumat/o: discharge oncologist : a specialist in the study and treatment
ot/o:ear rhin/o: nose; nas/o: nose, nasology(鼻科学)
医学词汇的重读体系
▪ 重音不在最后一个音节而是在倒数第二个长音节： thrombopoiesis: 血栓生成 acidosis： 酸中毒 laryngotracheobronchitis: 喉气管支气管炎 hysteroma: 子宫瘤 hydrophobia: 恐水症（狂犬病） dysmenorrhea :痛经
of tumors or in oncology 肿瘤学家 onc/o: tumor
学医学英语的小技巧
▪ 掌握常用前缀、后缀、词根（词素）（约2000多 个），分解式记忆，是学好医学英语的基础
▪ 单词举例： laryngopharygectomy: 喉咽切除术 Laryng/o:larynx=throat; pharyng/o:pharynx=咽
耳) of the external ear 耳成形术； ot/o: ears ▪ -ectomy: removal, cutting out切除
cholecystectomy ：surgical removal of the gall
bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain)
chol/o or chol/e: bile
▪ -rrhea:flow, discharge溢出，流出
diarrhea : frequent and watery bowel movements;
can be a symptom of infection or food poisoning or colitis or a gastrointestinal tumor
pulmon/o: lungs; pneumon/o: lungs pneumonia
nephrologist: a specialist in the science of kidneys
nephr/o: kidney; ren/o: kidneys renal failure肾衰竭
▪ cardiologist: a specialist in cardiology; a specialist
laryngotracheobronchitis喉气管支气管炎
trache/o:trachea; bronch/o:bronchus
▪ esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD食道、 胃、十二指肠镜检查 )
esophag/o: esophagus[aɪsɔfəgəs] gastr/o: stomach duoden/o: duodenum -scopy: visual examination
▪ thrombopoiesis(血小板生成):
-poiesis: formation of blood clots ▪ oviduct输卵管
ov/o:egg, -duct:a tube that leads the egg from the ovary(卵 巢)to the uterus
▪ labiodental唇齿的 labi/o:lip ▪ dysmenorrhea痛经 ▪ otorhinolaryngologist耳鼻喉科学家
▪ men/o: menstruation menopause: the time in a woman's life in which the
menstrual cycle ends
▪ arthritis : inflammation of joints
arthr/o: joint; -itis: inflammation
▪ -oma: tumor,swelling肿，肿瘤 encephaloma: 脑瘤 encephal/o: head cerebroma: 脑瘤cerebr/o: cerebrum, brain
▪ -itis:inflammation炎症
meningitis: 脑膜炎infectious disease characterized
in the structure and function and disorders of the heart
▪ gastroenterologist: a physician who specializes in
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
gastr/o: stomach; enter/o: intestines
医学英语构词特点
▪ 大多数医学词汇由词根.前缀.后缀及其连接它们 的组合元音(combining vowel: o\i\e\a以0居多)构成.
▪ 词根举例:
hyster/o: womb, uterus, hyster
hysteralgia : womb pain 子宫痛 -algia: pain
hysterectomy : surgical removal of the uterus
▪ appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix
appendic/o: appendix;
百度文库
▪ 前缀举例：dys-: bad, painful, difficult ante-: before, front; post-: after, behind para-beside, abnormal
dysmorphosis: malformation ; morph/o: form antemarital : 婚前的 postabdomen : 后腹部 parathyroid: 甲状旁腺
▪ 后缀举例: ▪ -plasty: surgical reshaping;成形术
otoplasty ： reconstructive surgery of the auricle(外
▪ thromb/o: clot凝结; thrombus血栓 thrombocytometer血小板计数器
cyte/o: cell
-meter: measurement instrument
thrombocytopenia: a blood disease characterized
by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood 血小板减少 -penia: decrease
by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) usually caused by a bacterial infection; symptoms include headache and stiff neck and fever and nausea
penetoneum: peritəni:əm腹膜
▪ 倒数第二个音节是短音时，重读音节放在倒数第 三个音节上：
oviduct:输卵管 laryngopharyngectomy: 咽喉切除术 abodomen: 腹部 osteoclast: 拆骨器 homogamy:[həmɔɡəmi] 同配生殖
barometer: [bərɔmitə】 压力计，压力表
…the end…
▪ -malacia: softening软化 osteomalacia ：abnormal softening of bones
caused by deficiencies of phosphorus or calcium or vitamin D
oste/o: bones
▪ -logist: expert pulmonologist: a specialist in the science of lungs