转向系统的故障分析与排除方法

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转向系统的故障分析与排除方法

摘要

汽车行驶过程中，经常需要改变行驶方向，即所谓的转向，这就需要有一套能够按照司机意志使汽车转向的机构，它将司机转动方向盘的动作转变为车轮的偏转动作。

按转向力能源的不同，可将转向系分为机械转向系和动力转向系。

机械转向系的能量来源是人力，所有传力件都是机械的，由转向操纵机构、转向器、转向传动机构三大部分组成。其中转向器是将操纵机构的旋转运动转变为传动机构的直线运动的机构，是转向系的核心部件。

动力转向系除具有以上三大部件外，其最主要的动力来源是转向助力装置。由于转向助力装置最常用的是一套液压系统，因此也就离不开泵、油管、阀、活塞和储油罐，它们分别相当于电路系统中的电池、导线、开关、电视和地线的作用。

本文阐述了汽车转向系各个部分的作用、组成、主要构造、工作原理、及可能出现的故障，同时提出了对出现的故障进行维修的可行方案；采用了理论与实际相结合的方法，对每个问题都有良好的认识，对所学内容进行了良好的总结归纳，以此进一步熟悉掌握汽车转向系统的各方面知识，深化巩固所学知识，做到理论与实际相结合，在理论学习的前提下，用实际更好的理解所学内容。

关键词：汽车转向系统，故障原因，故障诊断维修

Steering system fault analysis and the elimination

method

ABSTRACT

In the running process of the automobile, the frequent need to change the direction of travel, the so-called steering, which requires a set to be able to in accordance with the driver will make automobile steering mechanism, it will be the driver rotates the steering wheel to wheel deflection action action.

According to the steering force energy is different, can be divided into mechanical steering system steering system and power steering system.

Mechanical steering system energy sources are human, all power transmission are the machinery, a steering mechanism, steering gear, a steering transmission mechanism is composed of three. The steering gear is to manipulate mechanism with rotary motion into linear motion of the driving mechanism of the body, is the core component of the steering system.

Power steering system in addition to having more than three members, the main power source is the power steering device. Because the power steering device most commonly used is a set of hydraulic system, so it is inseparable from the pump, pipe, valve, piston and an oil storage tank, they are equivalent to the circuit system of batteries, wires, switches, television and ground effect.

This paper expounds the function of different parts of automobile steering system, composition, main structure, working principle, and the possible faults, and puts forward to a fault repair options; adopts the method of combining theory with practice, to every problem has a good understanding of the content, the good summed up, further to be familiar with and master the knowledge of all aspects of the vehicle steering system, deepen the consolidation of the knowledge, do a combination of theory and practice, in theory study the premise, with the better understanding of the content.

KEY WORDS：automobile steering system, fault reason, fault diagnosis and repair