新东方高口词汇第一章-经济与改革(英译中)
（完整版）经济类英语专业词汇汇总
（完整版）经济类英语专业词汇汇总常用经济类词汇：economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 预备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,预备金reserve fund 预备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,治理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值per capita GNP产值output value鼓励give incentive to投入input宏观控制exercise macro-control优化经济结构optimize the economic structure 输入活力bring vigor into改善经济环境improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation 非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector实在的tangible全体会议plenary session解放生产力liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧途lead one to a blind alley举措move实事求是seek truth from facts引进、输入importation和平演变peaceful evolution试一下have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system搞活企业invigorate enterprises商品经济commodity economy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electric energy production有色金属nonferrous metals人均收入per capita income使负担be saddled with营业发达的公司going concerns被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessive growth抽样调查data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded) 实际增长率actual growth rate国际收支international balance of payments流通制度circulation system总工资total wages分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds治理不善poor management农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces公有制public ownership私有制private ownership全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combatwaste 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。
高中英语高考复习中国社会与经济必知词汇
高考英语中国社会与经济必知词汇多元文化论cultural pluralism文化适应 acculturation社会保障 social security班车 shuttle bus搬迁户a relocated unit or household独生子女 the only child in a family单亲 single parent福利彩票 welfare lotteries家政服务household management service民工 migrant laborers名人 celebrity农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor青春期 puberty; adolescence全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign全国人口普查nationwide census社会保险 social insurance暂住证temporary residence permit/card青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency性骚扰 sexual harassment走私 smuggling性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination年龄歧视 age discrimination工作歧视 job discrimination享乐主义 hedonism文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版 pirated/illegal copies“一国两制”One Country, Two Systems“三个代表”理论 the Three Represents Theory 两会(人大、政协)Two Conferences(NPC and CPPCC) 南南合作 South-South Cooperation南北对话North-South Dialogue人大常委会People’s Congress Standing Committee 法制观念awareness of law法治国家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work和谐并存harmonious coexistence计划生育 family planning居委会neighborhood committee可持续发展 sustainable development领土完整 territorial integrity民族精神 national spirit普选制 general election system人大代表NPC member物质文明和精神文明material and spiritual civilization小康社会a well-off society与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength人口老龄化 the aging of population人口出生率 birth rate社区服务 community service道德法庭 court of ethics盗用公款embezzlement大学城 college town高等教育higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of(liberal) arts理工科大学 college/university of science and engineering师范学院 normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考(university/college)entrance examination 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动 extracurricular activities必修课 required/compulsory course选修课 elective/optional course基础课 basic courses专业课 specialized course课程表school schedule学历 record of formal schooling学分 credit人才交流 talent exchange素质教育quality-oriented education应试教育 exam-oriented education填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching希望工程Project Hope走读生 extern; non-resident student住宿生 boarder研究生 graduate student; post-graduate(student) 应届毕业生 graduating student; current year's graduate校园数字化 campus digitalization校园文化 campus culture学历教育 education with record of formalschooling学龄儿童school-ager学生减负 alleviate the burden on students职业道德 work ethics; professional ethics网络世界 cyber world网络文化 cyber culture网络犯罪 cybercrime网络购物 online shopping信息革命 information revolution1电子货币e-currency人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)生物技术 bio-technology克隆 cloning基因工程 genetic engineering转基因食品genetically modified food(GMF)试管婴儿 test-tube baby基因突变 genetic mutation3D 电影 three-dimensional movie虚拟银行 virtual bank信息高速公路information superhighway同步卫星 geostationary satellite多任务小卫星small multi-mission satellite (SMMS)电子商务e-business; e-commerce电子管理e-management办公自动化Office Automation(OA)重点项目 key project网络谣言 online rumors森林生态系统forest ecosystem海洋生态系统marine ecosystem垄断价格 monopolize the price汽车限购 vehicle purchase restrictions汽车购买配额 vehicle purchase quotas车牌摇号a lottery for license plates牌照单双号限行 odd-even license plate system 黑名单制度a blacklist system二代身份证 2nd-generation ID card直接经济损失 direct economic loss应急系统 emergency response system闯红灯 run red light遮挡、污损号牌block or deface license plates 扣分处罚 point penalty酒驾 drunk driving终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving总需求aggregate demand总供给aggregate supply企业文化 corporate culture企业形象 corporate image(CI); enterprise image 跨国公司transnational corporation创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司head-hunter假日经济 holiday economy人力资本human capital航空和航天工业aerospace industry电子工业 electronic industry汽车制造工业 car industry娱乐业 entertainment industry信息产业information industry知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry轻工业 light industry博彩业 lottery industry制造业manufacturing industry垄断行业 monopolized industry市场多元化 market diversification市场经济 market economy市场监管 market supervision购买力purchasing power熊市 bear market牛市 bull market城镇化 urbanization房地产real estate首付 down-payment业主home owner个人购房贷款individual housing loan经济全球化economic globalization经济特区special economic zones(SEZ)经济增长 economic growth泡沫经济 bubble economy关税tariff纳税人 tax payer宏观经济macro economy经济过热overheated economy通货膨胀 inflation贴现率 discount rate存款准备金率reserve requirement ratio(RRR)公开市场业务open market operation(OMO)稳健的货币政策 prudent monetary policy硬着陆 hard landing软着陆 soft landing二十国集团Group of Twenty(G20)财政部部长Minister of Finance经济活力economic vitality结构改革 structural reform硬资产hard assets软资产 soft assets有形资产tangible assets经济走廊 economic corridor反垄断antitrust; anti-monopoly定价浮动 price fluctuations债务审计audit of debt地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革an overhaul of the publicfinance system信用支持credit support2。
常用经济学专业英语词汇
常见经济学常用词汇economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡更多词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account) current-account holder 支票帐户支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill) to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街3、Credit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、Pruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity 生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩5、Expenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用6、Profit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员8、Internal economic and trade orgnization国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, A TO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFT A 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community, W AEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 中国银中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington ork 花旗银行American Oriental 美国进出口银行National city Bank of New YBanking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行The Chase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. . 德累斯敦银行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Nations Conference on T rade and Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECW A 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New Y ork Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所。
中高级口译词汇-经济与改革篇（共5则）
中高级口译词汇-经济与改革篇（共5则）第一篇：中高级口译词汇-经济与改革篇中高级口译词汇-经济与改革篇按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority城乡居民收入 income of urban and rural residents城镇化 urbanization城镇居民可支配收入 urban per capita disposable income保税区bounded zone奔小康 strive for relatively comfortable life博鳌亚洲论坛Boao Forum for Asia不良贷款 bad loans产品本土化 product localization产业不景气 industrial depression产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries产业格局 industrial pattern产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure超负荷运转 overloaded operation承包责任制 the contract responsibility城市经济学 urban economics持续快速健康发展 sustained, rapid and sound development 充足的发展空间 ample room for development 重复生产 duplication of production 出口加工区 export processing zone出口商品和服务goods and services for export 储运storage and transport 传统产业 traditional industries传销pyramid sales;multi-level marketing 创业机制business mechanism刺激经济活动stimulate economic activities 刺激有效需求stimulate effective demand促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy大幅度跃升 rise by a big margin大开发 the large-scale development带动经济增长 spur economic growth独资公司 exclusively-funded venture翻两番 quadruple繁荣与稳定 prosperity and stability非公有制经济 non-public sectors of the economy风险资金 venture capital房地产 real estate首付 down-payment业主 home owner房产权威部门 housing authority住房贷款 housing loan房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate个人购房贷款 individual housing loan按揭 mortgage物业 property management房地产开发商 real estate developer未售出的存量房 stockpile of unsold houses房契、产权 title改革的力度 the momentum of reform改组、重组 restructure高新技术产业 high and new technology industries个人消费贷款 individual consumption loan个体、私营 self-employed or private enterprises更具活力更加开放的经济体系 a more open and viable economic system工业园区 industrial park公司法人责任制the corporate legal person responsibility system公投 referendum公有制经济 the public sector of the economy股份制 joint-stock system固定资产投资 investment in the fixed assets经济弊病economic ills经济带economic belts经济发展的良好势头a good momentum of economic growth 国际信托投资 international trust and investment国民经济 the national economy国民经济的支柱 pillar of the national economy国民经济命脉 the lifeline of the national economy国有经济的布局和结构 layout and structure of the state sector 国有企业 state-owned enterprises（SOE）国有企业改革和展the reform and development of state-owned enterprises合法经营 lawful business operations黑市 black market基础设施 infrastructure减员增效downsize staffs and improve efficiency节约的，经济的economical经济杠杆作用economic leverage经济结构战略strategic adjustment of the economic structure经济全球化 economic globalization经济特区 special economic zones（SEZ）经济文化交流 economic and cultural exchanges发经济效益好 good economic returns经济增长 economic growth经济总量 economic aggregate可持续发展 sustainable development跨越式发展 leapfrog development扩大内需 expand domestic demand拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth性调整劳动力 labor劳务输出 export of labor services两岸经济合作 cross-straits economic cooperation民营科技企业non-public scientific and technological enterprises南北差距 the north-south gap农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor农业的市场竞争力competitiveness of agriculture in the market泡沫经济bubble economy贫富悬殊 income disparity贫困地区 impoverished areas贫困人口 impoverished people瓶颈制约 bottleneck restrictions取得领先地位 assume leadership取缔非法收入 outlaw illegal gains人民币非常坚挺 the RMB is very strong/ firm三资企业（中外合资企业、中外合作企业、外商独资企业）Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China社会经济稳定 social and economic stability社会就业比较充分a higher rate of employment社会生产落后 the backwardness of social production社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy社会主义现代化建设 socialist modernization深化国有企业改革to deepen SOE（state-owned enterprises）reform生活富裕 an affluent life世界经济波动world economic fluctuations市场经济秩序 the order of the market economy市政工程 municipal works;public works试点工程、试点项目 pilot project收入悬殊 excessive disparity in income私营部分 private sector私营企业 private enterprise财产税 property tax保护关税 protective duty/tariff岁入税；关税收入revenue tax商业银行 commercial banks建设银行 construction bank工商银行 industrial & commercial bank中国银行 bank of China农业银行 agricultural bank交通银行bank of communications招商银行 merchants bank税收taxation农业税 agricultural tax保税区 bonded area消费税 consumption tax个人所得税 personal income tax营业税 sales tax 关税 tariff逃税、漏税 tax evasion 免税期 tax holiday 纳税人 tax payer 税收政策 tax policy 税收减除 tax relief脱贫致富shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 拓宽消费领域expand the scope of consumption 投资 investment 投资地点investment destination 投资环境investment environment投资机构investment institutions投资热investment fever投资者investor投资政策investment policy外商直接投资foreign direct investment外向型经济outward-looking economy外资企业overseas-funded enterprises;foreign-funded company 完善的社会主义市场经济体制full-fledged socialist market economy温饱 having only adequate food and clothing稳定物价 stabilize prices稳健的货币政策the sound monetary policy外汇 foreign exchange外汇储备 reign exchange reserves外汇管理局 SAFE（State Administration of Foreign Exchange）外汇管制 foreign exchange control外汇汇率 foreign exchange rate外商直接投资 direct foreign investment西部地区China’s western region西部大发the large-scale development of China’s western region下岗失业人员再就业reemploy laid-off workers消费需求的不足insufficient consumer spending消费者权日International Day for Consumers’ Rights and Interests国际交流和合作international exchanges and cooperation新的经济增长点new growth areas in the economy需求疲软weak demand亚洲金融危机the Asian financial crisis衣食住用food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities优化消费结构optimize the consumption structure开益行招商inviting tenders;leasing振兴装备制造业revival of the equipment manufacturing industry资源消耗低low resources consumption政府资助项目government-sponsored programs质检QC（quality check）中部地区the central region中长期国外投资medium-and long-term foreign investment 中国出口商品交易会（广会）China Export Commodities Fair （Guangzhou Fair）中国加入世贸组织China’s entry into the WTO中国购物中心论坛 China Shopping Center Forum中国电信 China Telecom中国联通 China Unicom中国移动 China Mobile中信（中国国际信托投资公司）Citic group中央银行 the Central Bank / PBOC专卖店 exclusive agency;franchised store资源优化配置 optimize resource allocation自负盈亏responsible for one’s own profits and losses自给自足autarky自由贸易free trade自由贸易区free trade zone交自由职业人员free-lance professionals重点项目 key project国家重点工程national key projects南水北调 South-to-North water diversion西电东送 West-East electricity transmission project西气东输 West-East natural gas transmission project第二篇：经济与改革口译词汇I Terms 计划/市场经济体制社会福利与保障体系 social welfare and security system 2 转变政府职能the transformation of the government functions 分工协作 division of responsibility 政府包揽的工作 work undertaken by government 宏观/微观经济macro/micro-economy 4 借鉴refer to and study 丰硕成果abundant accomplishment 系统工程systematic engineering project greenhouse effect 温室效应drug –trafficking counterproductive 反作用 public utilities 公共事业 redistribution 重新分配 command based economy 指令性经济 transparency 透明度seek truth from facts ingenuity 奋斗精神sweeping transformation 势不可挡的变革grandeur 辉煌10不健全的体制flawed system 新兴工业国 newly industrialized nations 11十分重视 attach great importance to 精神财富 the spiritual legacy12顺应时代的潮流 keep up with the trend of the times 国情national conditions 13精神动力 spiritual motivation14正视遇到的困难和障碍look squarely into the difficulties and obstacles 沧海巨变 profound changes 金融秩序认真对待，切实解决be addressed seriously and resolved effectively 16 it is imperative to 日益密切的全球经济 the closely intertwined global economy 正常运行normal functions 全国人大NPC 18 全国政协CPPCC 中共中央 CPCCC19独立选举单位independent constituency 民主法制建设democratic and legal construction20民主监督 democratic supervision 参政议政 participation in and discussion on politics 21宗教信仰religious belief 人权状况human rights situation 22普遍原则 universal Principle 全球人权事业global human rights cause23生产力实现四个现代化24摆脱殖民枷锁shake off the yoke of colonialism 审视处理view and handle 25 财政收入revenue 科技成果转化the transformation of S&T advances 财税 fiscal taxation 生产、流通和消费producing, circulation and consumption 国际多边舞台the global multilateral arena 招标bid 28 出口加工区export processing zone 对外承包工程 overseas contracted projects 市场多元化 market diversification 以市场为导向 market-oriented 30 国有企业stated-owned enterprise 个体企业self-employed enterprise31私营企业 private enterprise 合资企业 joint venture独资企业solely foreign-funded enterprise 有限公司corporation ltd.33 精神文明建设the progress of spiritual civilization/ cultural and ethical civilization实施西部大开发战略the strategy of great development of China’s western regions统筹规划、分步实施a comprehensive plan carried out in a step-by-step manner 36 政治体制改革 political restructuring 优化经济结构 to optimize economic structure实行积极的财政和货币政策to carry out proactive fiscal and monetary policy 38 转变政府职能to shift the functions of the government自由职业者 freelancer 再就业工程 reemployment project 40 扩大内需to expand domestic demand 提高经济效益to better economic performance持续/可持续发展 sustained/sustainable development 42 素质/应试教育 exam-oriented/ test-oriented educationmarket capitalization 总市值stock exchange 股票交易所44 Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院 the Royal Society 英国皇家学会 45 metropolis/ cosmopolitan city/ conurbation 大都市per capita 人均 purchasing power 购买力double/ triple/treble/ quadruple/quintuple 蒸蒸日上 prosperand progress 48 切实take concrete steps/ measures 千家万户every household 49 努力 spare no efforts to, make great efforts to, strive to, work hard to, endeavor to上市公司listed/ public company 注册资金registered funds/capital 51 联合开发 joint development 技术转让 technology transfer 52 项目预算 project budget 投标 making a bid 53 中介服务机构 intermediary services 免税期 tax holiday可行性研究feasibility study 拉动经济发展to promote economic development转口贸易transit trade 股份合作制joint share/stock-holding partnership防范金融风险prevent financial risks 国有控股企业state holding enterprise劳动/技术/资金/知识密集型企业 labor-intensive industrythe primary industry/ the second industry/the service sector, i e the tertiary industry遏制通货紧缩/膨胀controlling/ quelling/ checking deflation/inflation 60 长期国债 long-term treasury bonds 自由贸易区 FTZ 61 兼并 merger 破产 bankruptcy改革试点trial/ pilot reform 社区服务功能the functions of community service扭亏为盈reduction of loss and increase of profits 三讲the Three Emphasis培育新的消费热点foster new consumption growth areas “三个代表” the Three Represents刺激经济增长 to stimulate economic growth 宏观调控 macro-control and regulatory养老、失业、医疗保险金 old-age, unemployment and medical insurance premiums 67 下岗工人laid-off workers 中心环节key link 68 廉政建设 to build a clean and honest government 创汇产品 hard-cash earning exports监事会 board of supervisors 竞争有序 orderly competition富余员工 redundant workers 代理制 proxy system 71 初步建立现代企业制度implementing a preliminary modern enterprise system 72不可逆转的历史潮流 irreversible historical trend 自我封闭self-seclusion 73 回应我们庄重呼吁respond to our solemn appeal 自力更生 self-reliance 74 风险资本 venture capital 新兴技术budding tech外商直接投资direct foreign investment 新兴市场emerging market 76 经济特区SEZ 新兴工业化国家newly-developed industrialized countries外向型企业 export-oriented enterprise 抓住机遇 to seize the current opportunity高新技术开发区 high and new technology development zone 公司法人责任制the corporate legal person responsibility system 80 实施科教兴国战略to implement the strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education 社会事业 social undertakings发展是硬道理 Development is the absolute principle.82 退耕还林returning cultivated land to forests 主体地位dominant position 83 封山绿化 closing off hillsides to facilitate afforestation 84 volatility 易变性 grandiosity 宏伟undulating moods 起伏的情绪 contrarian position 截然不同的立场 86 全面/更加对外开放生态建设 ecological conservation 87 欣欣向荣 move rapidly to prosperity 预期效果 expected results 齐心协力to work in unison 健康发展sound/healthy development 89 收入分配制度 income distribution system 约束机制 restraint mechanisms 90 公有/私有制 public/private ownership 大中型企业 large and medium-sized enterprises率先实现现代化 take the lead to achieve modernization精干的研究者 top-notch researchers 开拓更多的海外市场 open up more markets abroad 93 配额管理quota management equitable 公正合理的commerce, banking, insurance, securities, telecom, commerce, tourism, real estateclosed its door to the outside world 闭关锁国 stagnation 停滞96 处在技术复兴运动的前列on the cusp of a technological renaissance 97 affiliated to 附属于 prestigious 久负盛名的medical equipment manufacturer 医疗器械设备制造厂有中国特色的社会主义 99 集中研究 pool research efforts on impetuosity 急躁bulletin board 电子布告栏 hallucination 幻觉 101 筹资 to raise money 普通老百姓 the general publicbull/bear market stockbroker 经纪人stock dealer 股票交易商股票交易系统 stock trading systemstock index 股指 bear/bull marketthe New York Stock Exchange 纽约股票交易所shareholders’ meetings 106 the Dow Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业指数BMW 宝马 107 the NASDAQ Composite Index 纳斯达克综合指数Mercedes 奔驰从国情出发proceed from national situation 行之有效的effective 109 履行国际义务 to fulfill its international obligation 大规模 on a large scale污染防治pollution prevention and treatment 国土控管territorial controlcomprehensively work on 综合整治植被 vegetation行为准则 code of conduct 一如既往地 consistently 113 任重而道远 an enduring and overwhelming task 转轨 changing 114 产业结构调整industrial readjustment 拜金主义money worship and obsession传统美德 traditional virtues 都市化 urbanization 116 出路 way out 孕育 entails/give birth to 117 冲击 to exert a negative impact on 人口老龄化 the aging of the population学术报告 presentation 奉献 dedication to 119 发展不平衡 the imbalance of development 推广popularize 120 街道委员会residential district committee 切合时宜 timely蓬勃发展 progress in a vigorous manner 十五计划 the T enth Five-Year Plan里弄居民委员会neighborhood 民政部Ministry of Civil Administration2010年远景目标 The Long Range Objectives for the Year 2010 眼前收益 immediate yielda paragon of management virtue 管理功效的典范 stodgy平庸的distill a lesson 吸取教训 paramount 最高的unethical manners 不道德手段 too much leeway 过度宽容 127 三通 establish the direct links of postal, air and shipping services and trade across the Taiwan Straithands-off management 放任自流的管理资本增殖capital appreciationin a nutshell 总的说来 opt for 选择 equities 股票以民族大义为重 take into consideration of the overall interest of the Chinese nationcorporate bonds 公司债券 the repayment of the loan in full at maturity 倒是能收回接触资金credit rating agency 信誉评级机构 assign ratings to 签发债券等级liquidity 资产流动性 liquidate 清算commercial exploitation 商业盘剥的目的 dainty shoes 轻巧的皮鞋 135 hem-line 服饰折边 monopoly 垄断 reverent 庄严的136intelligentsia 知识界跨地区，跨行业，跨所有制cross-regional, cross-trade and cross-ownershipeloquence of diction 雄辩的辞令 compassion 同情attribute to 归功于多钟联动环节 multiple linkagesintegrative talents 综合才能 utmost importance 头等重要 140 市场动力 market dynamics innovation 更新retail/whole-sale price 零售价/批发价畜牧 animal husbandry 142 aquaculture 水产养殖业经济增长点points for economic growth乡镇企业 township enterprises power-generating capacity 发电量高速公路 expressway 光缆 optical cable财政支出financial expenditures 外汇储备foreign currency reserve可支配收入disposable income 人口自然增长率natural population growth ratecurrency supply 货币供应量 convertible 可自由兑换的 148 拉开帷幕 be formally staged basic framework 基本框架 149 机构臃肿bloated size of the government institutions 官僚主义 bureaucracy 150 文牍主义 red tape 贪污腐败 bred and corruption 151 不正之风unhealthy practices the allocation of resources 资源分配152 公务员 public servants contingent of administers 行政管理干部队伍153 忠实履行职责 faithfully perform their official duties 勤政廉政 industrious and honest154 incompatibilities with 与…相矛盾骨干企业 key enterprises 155 抓大放小 manage large enterprises well while relaxing control over small ones 156 公有制public/private ownership 配套改革supportive reforms 157 改组改造 reorganizing and upgrading 售后服务after-sale service 158 市场营销marketing 调整产业结构readjust product mix159 自负盈亏 be responsible for their own profits and losses 和平统一160 公司制corporative enterprise 政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management 161 股份合作制stock cooperative system 权责分明to delineate the rights and responsibilities162 不可分割的神圣领土inalienable sacred territory 同胞compatriots 163 分裂活动splittist activities 国家统一national reunification第三篇：中高级口译最新高频词汇沪江网·新东方2008英语口译全国网络大会中高级口译最新高频词汇汇编:（０７、３）（上海新东方口译教研组专用）历年口译考试都有大量特色词汇出现，而且呈现较高的重现率，新东方发现了这一现象，从而对历年口译笔试中高频词汇作了总结汇总如下，希望对参加０７年３月笔试的考生的备考有所帮助！Allocate 分配 Arise出现 Attach 赋予粘上Characterize 以。
英语三级单词每日记忆：reform
【今日词汇】
reform
vt.
改革, 改进, 改良
改造, 改正(错误); 使悔改
革除
【石油】重整
【常用短语】
reform into
将…改编成为
banking reform
银行改革, 金融改革
credit reform
信用改革
currency reform
货币改革
economic reform
经济改革
wage reform
工资改革
【习惯用语】
改正；矫正
to reform criminals
改造罪犯
改革；改良
to reform society
改革社会
reform outdated and irrational rules and regulations 改革旧的不合理的规章制度
try to reform wrong-doers
设法使做坏事的人改过自新
【词性变化】word-activity
n.
改革, 改善, 改良运动, 感化
The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life.
改革开放的政策给我们中国人民带来了富裕和多彩的生活。
【背句子记单词】
Deepening reforms centering on the reform of state-owned enterprises.
深化以国有企业改革为中心的各项改革。
He who will reform himself must first reform society.
凡有益改过自新者，必须首先改革社会。
高中课内经济翻译整理版
高中课内经济翻译整理版本文整理了高中课内经济相关术语和概念的翻译，内容包括但不限于以下几个方面：1. 市场经济与计划经济市场经济市场经济是指通过市场机制进行资源配置和调节经济关系的一种经济模式。
常用词汇：- 市场机制：由供求双方通过价格自由协商形成的一种分配资源和调节经济关系的机制。
- 市场竞争：由供求双方自由参与、自由退出的市场竞争形式。
计划经济计划经济是指由政府在中央计划下对资源进行统一配置和调控的一种经济模式。
常用词汇：- 中央计划：中央政府根据国家整体需要而编制的计划，统一安排国家经济和社会事业发展的方向和规模。
- 全民所有制：国家所有制经济的主体，属于全体公民共同所有。
2. 宏观经济学宏观经济学是指研究整个国民经济总体运行规律及其发展趋势，以制定和调整国家宏观调控政策的一门经济学科。
常用词汇：- 国民生产总值（GDP）：一个国家或地区在一定时期内（通常为一年）内所生产的总价值。
- 通货膨胀率：市场上物价总水平持续上涨的程度。
- 经济增长率：经济在一定时期内产生价值的速率。
3. 微观经济学微观经济学是以个人、企业、市场为研究对象，探讨市场上各种经济主体的决策行为及其对资源配置和价格形成的影响的一门经济学科。
常用词汇：- 供求关系：供方提供某种商品（服务）的数量与购买者购买此种商品（服务）的数量之间的关系。
- 价格弹性：商品的价格变动在一定范围内引起需求变化的程度。
- 垄断：一个或几个企业在市场上掌握特定商品或服务的独占份额。
4. 国际贸易与汇率国际贸易国际贸易是指不同国家或地区之间的商品、服务以及资本的跨境流动。
常用词汇：- 出口：商品、服务或资本从一个国家出去到其他国家的行为。
- 进口：从其他国家进口商品、服务或资本的行为。
- 贸易逆差：指某国进口额大于出口额，从而导致外贸交易顺差的一种经济现象。
汇率汇率是指两种货币之间的比价关系。
常用词汇：- 固定汇率制：由政府或中央银行采取一定的政策手段，维持某种货币与另一种货币之间的固定比价关系。
6月英文四级翻译高频词汇经济改革类.doc
2017年6月英语四级翻译高频词汇：经济改革类*1、行业垄断Monopoly2、宏观调控Macrｏ-Rｅｇulation3、不良贷款Non-ＰerforｍｉｎｇLoan4、超前消费Cｏnsumption in Advａｎcｅ/Excessive Co ｎsumｐtion５、快速发展旅游业Fast Deｖelopｍenｔｏf Tourｉsｍ６、地区差异Regｉoｎal Disｐarity7、经济利益FiｎanciaｌInterests８、跳槽Job－Ｈopping9、风险投资RiｓｋInvｅｓtｍｅnt10消费者Consumerｓ11、假冒产品Faｋe Products１2、暴富,一夜之间变富有Earninｇ－Qｕiｃk-Buck/Mak ｅRiｃh Ｏvernight１3、卡奴CardＳlaｖe14、假日旅游ＴravelingｏｎＨｏlidaｙｓ15、打折OｎＤiｓcｏunt1６、就业与失业Emｐloymeｎtａnd Unｅmｐloyment17、住房问题HｏｕsinｇＰrｏblems18、城市交通问题UrbaｎTraffiｃPｒoｂｌems19、可持续发展SuｓtainａbｌeＤｅveloｐment２０、虚假广告The Isｓuｅof Faｌｓe Ads21、小康社会ａwell-to-do sｏciety2２、人民生活ｐeople'ｓlｉveｌihood23、生活水平livinｇstａｎｄards24、生活质量qｕaｌｉty of ｌｉfe2５、住房条件houｓing condｉtiｏｎｓ2６、文化程度educaｔｉonａｌlｅvel2７、就业率eｍploｙｍent ratｅ28、人均收入averagｅｉncoｍe per caｐｉｔa29、年平均工资aｖerage aｎｎuａl pａy3０、奖金ｂｏｎus31、生活费用cost of living32、消费价格指数coｎsumerｐｒice ｉnｄｅx33、环境污染指数enｖｉｒｏnmｅnt ｐollｕｔion inｄｅx34、衣食住行ｆood，clothing，sheｌtering aｎd ｍeａn ｓof traveling35、购买力purchaｓing ｐowｅr36、贫困家庭the neｅdy familｙ37、贫困地区poverty-sｔrｉcken regｉoｎ38、下岗be lａｉd ofｆ39、小康reｌative ａｆfluenｃe40、安居乐业ｌive a goｏd lifｅ41、共同富裕sｈareｄprospeｒiｔy４2、社会保险socｉaｌinsuｒance43、助学金grant-iｎ-ａid44、赈灾救济金dｉsaster rｅlief fuｎds４５、人口popuｌａtｉoｎ4６、人口分布poｐulation dｉstrｉbution47、流动人口tｒaｎsiｅnt populaｔion４8、城市人口ｕrban ｐopulation49、农业人口agricuｌture populatiｏn50、出生率biｒth ｒate５1、自然增长率ｎaｔuｒａl groｗth ｒate５2、负增长率negａtive groｗtｈrａte５3、普查ｃensｕs５4、户口册househｏｌｄｒegister55、计划生育familｙplａnｎｉｎg/ planned paｒentｈood56、优生优育ｅｎｓuｒｅgoｏd prｅnａｔａl ａnd postnatal cａrｅ57、自治区ａutonｏmｏｕs regioｎ58、民族ethnｉc grｏups5９、少数民族ethｎｉc minorｉｔies/minority peopｌｅs２0１7年6月英语四级翻译模拟:医疗改革*我国已经织起了世界上的基本医疗保障网,20１５年,城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗3项基本医疗保险参保人数超过13亿,参保率保持在95%以上，较20１０年提高了3个百分点。
新东方口译词汇
新东方口译词汇经济与改革部分【共计15页】１REFORM & ECONOMY经济与改革______________________________________________________________________________编者提示:本章英译汉部分收集了当今经济生活中最常用的词汇和表达, 如fixed assets (固定资产),effective demand (有效需求), monetary lever (货币杠杆), managerial expertise (管理知识) 等. 这些词汇在中高级口译的笔试和口试中无所不在, 并且在现实口译实践中经常出现.汉译英部分收集的是有关中国经济改革中出现的特色词汇和表达, 如“西部大开发”, “重复生产”, “存量房”等.注意在有些词条下有进一步的细分, 如“企业”, “房地产”, “金融市场”等.SECTION I: 英译中Aa hedge against inflation [ ] n. 防止通货膨胀的措施a prudent monetary policy[ ] n. 稳健的货币政策absolute advantage n. 绝对优势accounting n. 会计学；帐目清算；财会[glossary] [扩展]accountant n.会计（师）accounting fraud [ ] n. 做假帐accounting scandal [ ] n. 财务丑闻bookkeeping n. 记帐financial statement n. 财务报表keep the public informed of the financial affairs 财务公开acquire v. 购置、获取，购买，取得所有权acquisition of assets[ ] n. 购置资产active balance (passive balance/ unfavorable balance)n. 顺差(逆差)advanced technology n. 先进技术aggregate demand [ ] n. 总需求aggregate supply n. 总供给allocation of financial resources n. 金融资源配置ample supply n. 供应充裕an average annual increase n. 年均增长annual return n. 年利润anti-dumping measures n. 反倾销措施areas for the market access n. 市场准入领域asset n. 资产associate company (subsidiary / affiliate) [ ] n.联营公司（子公司、附属公司）autarky [ ] n.自给自足; 经济独立（政策、地区、国家）authorization bill n. 授权书Bbad loans n. 不良贷款banking n. 银行业[glossary] [扩展]investment bank n. 投资银行Goldman Sachs [ ] 高盛Citibank 花旗银行新东方口译词汇经济与改革部分【共计15页】２HSBC (Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation) 汇丰银行Bank of America 美洲银行Deutsche Bank 德意志银行bankruptcy protection [ ] n. 破产保护block release n. 脱产进修boom n./v.（经济）突然膨胀bottom line n. 帐本底线, 底线brand loyalty n. 对某个牌子的忠诚度brand names n. 品牌Bretton Woods system [ ] 布雷顿森林体系(一国际金融体系)budget n. /v. 预算budget deficit[ ] n.预算赤字budget surplus n. 预算盈余budgetary items n. 预算项目business cycle n. 商业周期business fraud n. 商业欺诈business mechanism [ ] n. 创业机制business prototype [ ] n.商业原型、商业模型Ccapital n. 资本, 资金, 资产capital flow n. 资本流动car loans n. 汽车贷款cash bonuses[ ] n. 现金奖励cash flow n. 现金流量cashier's cheque [ ] n. 本票central business district (CBD) n. 中央商务区certificated public accountant (CPA) n. 注册会计师certified business executive n. 高级商务师checks and balances n. 相互制约和平衡collect call n. 对方付费电话commerce clause n. 商业条款commercialization n. 商品化commodity [ ] n. 商品common law n. 习惯法company n.公司[glossary] [扩展]concern [ ] 公司，商行，康采恩（垄断组织）corporate （股份有限）公司，企业conglomerate [ ] 集团企业，跨行业大企业firm 公司，尤指合股、合伙公司enterprise 企业，公司，事业business 工商企业，商务业务establishment 公司, 企业，商业机构house 商业机构; 出版公司outfit 企业, 商业组织venture (为赢利而进行冒险的)企业comparative advantage n. 相对优势competition and comparison n. 竞争比较competition mechanism n. 竞争机制competition n. 竞争contract n. 合同consumers' association n. 消费者协会consumer confidence n. 消费者信心consumer expectations n. 消费预期conventional industries n. 传统产业core competitiveness n. 核心竞争力新东方口译词汇经济与改革部分【共计15页】３cost n. 成本cost-effectiveness n. 成本效益cutting edge (have an edge on) n. 优势（比…有优势）Ddealer/ jobber/ broker n. 经销商/ 股票经纪人deficit spending n. 赤字开支deflation / inflation n. 通货紧缩/ 通货膨胀demand n../v. 需求demand curve n. 需求曲线deposit n./v. 定金, 保证金depreciation / appreciation n. 贬值/增值depression n. 萧条，经济不景气的一段时期designer clothing/jeans / sneakers n. 名牌服装/牛仔裤/运动鞋devaluate v. (使) 贬值discount rate n. 贴现率distribution n. 流通, 分配diversification of investment n. 投资多元化double / triple / quadruple…v./ adj./ n. 两倍/三倍/四倍（翻两翻）Eeconomic aggregate [ ] n. 经济总量economic and cultural exchanges n. 经济文化交流economic belts n. 经济带economic globalization n. 经济全球化economic growth n. 经济增长economic leverage [ ] n. 经济杠杆作用economic regulation n. 经济调节economic returns n. 经济回报、经济效益economic zones n. 经济区economical adj. 节约的, 经济的economics n. 经济学economic ills n. 经济弊病economy class n. (客机) 经济舱effective Corp management n. 有效的公司管理[扩展]“loose and tight”management 张弛有度的管理a paragon of management virtue 管理功效的典范consequence management 结果管理hands-off management 疏松管理HR (human resource) 人力资源HR management 人力调配performance management 业绩管理PR (public relation) 公关risk management 风险管理transparency management 透明管理the two-tier management system 双层管理体制top-down management 自上而下的管理模式make one's own management decisions 自主经营managerial and technical staff 管理技术人员managerial expertise [ ] 管理知识effective demand n. 有效需求efficiency n. 效率，功效elasticity [ ] n. 弹性、可塑性、灵活度electronic dealing n. 电子交易electronic business (E-business) n. 电子商务elite [ ] n. 精英emerging market n. 新兴市场新东方口译词汇经济与改革部分【共计15页】４employment insurance n. (EI, 旧称UI--unemployment insurance，失业保险) 就业保险金employment rate n. 就业率employment n. 就业engine for economic growth n. 经济增长的引擎enterprise n.企业[扩展]annexation and reorganization of enterprises 企业兼并重组corporate checks and balances 企业间的制衡corporate / entrepreneurial culture 企业文化corporate image(CI)/ enterprise image 企业形象cross-national corporation 跨国公司earnings growth 收益增长enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 创业精神entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家身分(地位、职权、能力)foreign-capital enterprise 外资企业foreign-invested venture 外资企业free enterprise 自由企业(制) 政府很少干预，私人自主经营individual initiative 个人主动性initial capital 启动资金listing of a company 企业上市multinational corporation 跨国公司team spirit; esprit de corps 团队精神traditional-bound business 受传统束缚的企业transformation （企业）转型transnational corporation 跨国公司registered capital 注册资本overseas-funded enterprises 外资企业equities[ ] n. [英][pl. ](无固定利息的)股票, 证券F4 P (product, price, place and promotion) 4P营销理论: 产品、价格、地点、促销4 C4C(以消费者为中心)理论包括：[扩展]Consumer needs & wants 消费者的需求与欲望Cost 消费者愿意付出的成本Convenience 为消费者所提供的方便Communication 与消费者的沟通fair competition n. 公平竞争federal reserve system (美国)联邦备银行制度federation n. 联邦financial fraud(s) n. 金融欺诈financial crisis (turmoil) n. 金融危机（风暴）financial market n.金融市场bullion market 金银买卖市场cash market 现金市场debt market 债务市场discount market 贴现市场equity market 股本市场foreign exchange and derivatives markets 外汇及衍生产品市场foreign exchange market 外汇市场global financial system 全球金融体系insurance market 保险市场securities market 证券市场fiscal [ ]adj. 财政的[扩展]fiscal and monetary levers 财政和货币杠杆fiscal budget 财政预算新东方口译词汇经济与改革部分【共计15页】５fiscal policy 财政政策, 财务方针fiscal year 财政年度fiscal lever 财政杠杆fiscal levy 财政税收financial deficit 财政赤字fiscal revenue 财政收入national revenue 财政收入fixed assets n. 固定资产fund / capital / venture capital n. 资金, 资本/ 风险资金future market n. 期货市场Ggenerate profit v. 创利GNP at factor cost按成本要素计算的国民生产总值go public v. 上市go to Chapter 11 v.（美）申请破产保护go under v. (口) 倒闭government spending n. 政府开支gray income n. 灰色收入Great Depression n.（美）大萧条[详析]：a prolonged and very severe recession. The economic crisis which began around the time of the stock market crash in October 1929 and continued through the 1930s.gross domestic product (GDP) n. 国内生产总值gross national product (GNP) n. 国民生产总值Hhead –hunter n. 猎头公司hedge (against) [ ] v. 保护或防御手段, 尤指防止经济损失hedge fund n. 对冲基金high return n. 高收益，高回报holiday economy n. 假日经济human capital n. 人力资本hyperinflation [ ] n. 恶性通货膨胀Iimmediate consumption n. 即期消费i mmediate yield n. 直接回报incentive n. 动力industry n. 工业，产业，行业[扩展]advertising industry 广告业aerospace industry 航空和航天工业aircraft industry 飞机制造工业basic industry 基础工业, 重工业book industry 图书出版业brewing industry 啤酒酿造工业; 酿造工业capital-and-technology-intensive industries 资金技术密集型产业car industry 汽车制造工业electronic industry 电子工业entertainment industry 娱乐业equipment manufacturing industry 装备制造业heavy industry 重工业information industry 信息产业knowledge-intensive industry 知识密集型产业labor-intensive industry 劳动密集型产业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 国有大中型企业light industry 轻工业lottery industry 博彩业新东方口译词汇经济与改革部分【共计15页】６manufacturing industry 制造业monopoly industries 垄断行业rubber industry 橡胶工业secondary industry 第二产业service industry developing in all areas 服务业全面发展textile industry 纺织行业the tertiary industry [ ] 第三产业tourist industry 旅游业industrialization n.工业化industries in straitened circumstances n. 困难行业infrastructure n. 基础设施insufficient demand n. 需求不足interest cut n. 降息interest group n. 利益集团interest rate(s) n. 利率international competitiveness n. 国际竞争力international settlement n. 国际结算Jjoint effort n. 共同努力joint venture n. 合资企业joint-stock system n. 股份制KKeynes [ ] 凯恩斯(英国经济学家)Keynesian theory [ ] 凯恩斯经济理论Llabor n../v. 劳动力labor-intensive industries n. 劳动密集型产业Laffer curve [ ] 拉费曲线(美国供应学派经济学家拉费所假设的一条曲线)laissez-faire[ ] 放任政策(尤指资本主义国家的政府对工商业者的自由)late charge n. 滞纳金law of demand n. 需求定律law of supply n. 供给定律lawful business operations n. 合法经营leasing n. 出租业务legal person n. 法人legitimacy[ ] n. 合理性、合法性legitimate rights and interests n. 正当权益liability of fault n. 过失责任limited liability corporation n. 有限公司liquidity[ ] n. 变现能力listed companies n. 上市公司logistics[ ] n. 物流loss leader n. 为招揽顾客而削本出售的商品loss leader strategy n. (商店) 优惠策略MM & A (merger & acquisition) 收购兼并macroeconomic control n. 宏观调控macroeconomics n. 宏观经济学make ends meet v. 收支平衡; (口) 日子过得去marginal return n. 边际报酬market n.市场[扩展]新东方口译词汇经济与改革部分【共计15页】７market diversification 市场多元化market economy 市场经济market intelligence 市场情报、市场调查market saturation 市场饱和market share 市场占有率market supervision 市场监管marketization 市场化market-oriented employment mechanisms 市场导向的就业机制mass production n. 批量生产mechanism n. 机制merger [ ] n. 合并merger and bankruptcy n. 兼并破产merit[ ] n. 价值microeconomics n. 微观经济学modern distribution n. 现代流通modern market economy n. 现代市场经济modern market system n. 现代市场体系modern services n. 现代服务业monetary [ ] adj. 货币的[glossary] [扩展]European monetary integration 欧洲货币一体化convertible currency 可兑换货币monetary lever 货币杠杆monetary policy 货币政策monetization 货币化monetization of public debt 公债货币化withdrawal of currency from circulation 货币回笼monopoly[ ] n. 垄断multifunctionality[ ] n. 多功能性multilateral trade negotiation n. 多边贸易谈判Oold-age pension n. 养老保险制度oligarchy[ ] n. 寡头政治, 寡头政治的执政团oligopoly[ ] n. 求过于供的市场情况on-the-job training n. 岗位培训opportunity cost n. 机会成本optimize (maximize / minimize)v. 优化/ 最大化/ 最小化overheating n. 过热Pparagon [ ] n. 模范, 典范patent [ ] n. 专利patent grant n. 专利许可patent law n. 专利法规pension n. 退休金; 养老金per capita GDP [ ] n. 人均国内生产总值per capita income n. 人均收入performance n. 业绩performance-based salary system n. 基于业绩的工资制度plunge / dip / down v/n. （价格）猛跌/ 小跌/ 下跌political economy n. 政治经济portfolio[ ] n. 一组投资positioning n. 定位potential market n. 潜在市场practical productive forces n. 现实生产力primary productive force n. 第一生产力printing and packaging business n. 包装印刷业新东方口译词汇经济与改革部分【共计15页】８private enterprise n. 私营企业private property n. 私人财产private sector n. 私营部门privatization n. 私有化prime rate n. 银行最低贷款利率produce n. 农产品productivity n. 生产力profit n./v. 利润promotion n. 促销propaganda[ ] n. （贬义）宣传proprietary intellectual property rights [ ] n. 自主知识产权protectionism n. 贸易）保护主义public sector n. 公共部门public services n. 公共服务purchasing power n. 购买力QQC (quality check) 质检QFII [ ] 合格的境外机构投资者Rraffle [ ] v. / n. 抽奖售货real economy n. 实体经济recession n. 衰退，不景气regime [ ] n. 政权、机制rent n. 租金regional protectionism n. 地方保护主义resources n. 资源restructure n. 改组、重组retail gap n. 零售空间Ssaturation; be saturated[ ] n./ adj. 饱和sales volume n. 销售额satellite town n. 卫星城savings n. 储蓄scale operation n. 规模经营scarcity n. 缺乏securities n.证券[glossary] [扩展]stock , bond, securities 股票, 债券, 证券securities, options and futures 证券、期权及期货A share A股B share B 股bear market 熊市bull market 牛市China's Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 中国证监会corporate bonds 企业债day trading 当日交易delisted company 被摘牌的公司equity participant 参股者fixed income investments 固定收益类投资hedge 对冲；保值手段IPO (Initial Public Offering) 首次上市（股票）joint stock company 参股公司long -term government bonds 长期国债long- term treasury bonds for construction 长期建设国债新东方口译词汇经济与改革部分【共计15页】９rally 反弹, 股市价格和成交额在下跌后显著的上升the Dow Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业指数the NASDAQ Composite Index 纳斯达克综合指数the Nikkei Average 日京指数S & P (Standard & Poors) 标准普尔指数London SE (Stock Exchange) 伦敦证券交易所New York SE 纽约证券交易所Shanghai SE 上海证券交易所Shenzhen SE 深圳证券交易所seeking financing by listing on the stock market 上市融资securities investment 证券投资state stock reduction; reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持State-held shares 国有股Stock index 股票指数stock option 股票期权treasury bonds (T-bonds) 国库券The Securities and Futures Ordinance (SFO) 证券及期货条例separation of powers n. 权利分离SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) (美) 证券交易委员会slump n./v. (经济)衰退，滑坡soar / surge / climb n./v. （价格）上涨social and economic stability n. 社会经济稳定social credit system n. 社会信用体系social wealth n. 社会财富SOHO (Small Office & Home Office) SOHO一族(小型办公室和家庭办公室)solvency [ ] n. 偿付能力sources of investment n. 投资主体speculative ad,j. 投机性的stabilize prices v. 稳定物价start / build…from scratch v. 从零开始; 白手起家storage and transport n. 储运strategic planning n. 战略部署, 战略计划strong （currency）adj. （货币）坚挺strong demand n. 需求强劲subsidy n. 补助金，津贴sunrise industry n. 朝阳产业sunset industry n. 夕阳产业supply n. 供给supply side economics n. 供方经济学survival rate n. 成活率SWOT analysis n. 优势与劣势, 机遇与挑战分析T24 –hour service n. 全天候服务tangible benefits n. 实惠technology-intensive product n. 技术密集产品tender-invitation n. 招商the distribution (allocation) of resources n. 资源配置the economic structure n. 经济结构the industrial structure n. 产业结构the macro-control system n. 宏观调控体系the market system n. 市场体系the open economy n. 开放型经济the order of the market economy n. 市场经济秩序the potentially largest market n. 潜在的最大市场the world trade organization (WTO)n. 世贸组织the U.S. Trade Representative n. 美国贸易代表the Canadian trade mission n. 加拿大贸易代表团新东方口译词汇经济与改革部分【共计15页】１０tourist economy n. 旅游经济trade n./v. 贸易[扩展]ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) 东南亚国家联盟ASEAN Free Trade Area 东盟自由贸易区EU (European Union) 欧盟chamber of import and export trade 进出口商会CIF(cost, insurance, freight) 到岸价CIFC （cost, insurance, freight and commission）到岸价加佣金COD (cash on delivery) 货到付款diary product 奶制品durable consumer goods, consumer durables 耐用消费品FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods) 快速消费品FOB (free on board) 离岸价forward delivery 远期交货free port 自由港grassland farming 牧业horticultural product [ ] 园艺品ice-free harbor 不冻港L/C (letter of credit) 信用证lamb 羊羔milk powder 奶粉mutton 羊肉non-tariff trade barriers 非关税贸易壁垒produce 农产品protectionism 保护主义protective price 保护价格quotation of prices 报价单retail market 零售市场sea and air shipping service 海上和空中运输服务single-product export country 单一产品出口国steel 钢铁the most competitive products 拳头产品timber 木材timber product 木器trade balance 贸易平衡trade bloc 贸易集团（如：欧盟）trade conflicts 贸易冲突trade deficit (surplus) 贸易逆差/ 顺差trade in commodities and services 商品和服务贸易trade monopolies and regional blockades 行业垄断和地区封锁trade sanction 贸易制裁trade volume 贸易额wholesale market 批发市场wool export 羊毛出口traditional industries n. 传统产业transaction n. 交易triple n./v./adj. 增长两倍turnover n. 销售额TV shots n. 电视广告TQC (Total Quality Control) n. 全面质量管理Uunemployment insurance n. 失业保险unemployment rate n. 失业率urban economics n. 城市经济学utility[ ] n. 设施Vventure capital n. 风险资金veto n./v. 否决vicious circle n恶性循环virtual economy n. 虚拟经济virtuous circle [ ] n. 良性循环Wwelfare state n. 福利国家work force n. 职工总数、劳动力world multi-polarization n. 世界多极化SECTION II: 中译英A按劳分配distribution according to one's performance按资排辈to assign priority according to seniorityB保税区bonded zone奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life博鳌亚洲论坛Boao Forum for Asia (BFA)不良贷款bad loansC财政、信贷双紧方针policy of tightening control over expenditure and credit产品本土化product localization产销直接挂钩directly link production with marketing产业不景气industrial depression产业的升级换代upgrading of industries产业格局industrial pattern产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure超负荷运转overloaded operation承包责任制the contract-responsibility承购包销underwrite城市经济学urban economics城乡居民收入income of urban and rural residents城乡市场urban and rural markets城镇化urbanization城镇居民人均可支配收入urban per capita disposable income持续快速健康发展sustained, rapid and sound development充足的发展空间ample room for development重复生产duplication of production出口加工区export processing zone出口商品和服务goods and services for export储运storage and transport传统产业traditional industries传销pyramid sales; multi-level marketing创业机制business mechanism刺激经济活动stimulate economic activities刺激有效需求stimulate effective demand促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy村办企业village-run enterpriseD大幅度跃升rise by a big margin大开发the large-scale development带动经济增长spur economic growth低水平重复建设low-level, redundant construction电视广告TV commercial东北地区the northeastern region东部地区the eastern region独资公司exclusively-funded ventureF翻两番quadruple繁荣与稳定prosperity and stability非公有制经济non-public sectors of the economy非公有制经济the non-public sectors of the economy风险资金venture capital房地产real estate[扩展]首付down-payment业主home owner房产权威部门housing authority住房贷款housing loan房屋空置率housing vacancy rate个人购房贷款individual housing loan按揭mortgage物业property management房地产开发商real estate developer未售出的存量房stockpile of unsold houses房契, 产权titleG改革的力度the momentum of reform改组、重组restructure高新技术产业high and new technology industries个人消费贷款individual consumption loan个体、私营self-employed or private enterprises更具活力、更加开放的经济体系a more open and viable economic system工业园区industrial park公司法人责任制the corporate legal person responsibility system公投referendum公有制经济the public sector of the economy股份制joint-stock system固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets关键设备key equipment国际结算international settlement国际信托投资international trust and investment国民经济the national economy国民经济的支柱pillar of the national economy国民经济命脉the lifeline of the national economy国有经济的布局和结构layout and structure of the state sector国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOE)国有企业改革和发展the reform and development of state-owned enterprisesH海内外各类投资者all investors at home or from overseas合法经营lawful business operations合格的境外机构投资者QFII合格的境外机构投资者QFII (qualified foreign institutional investors)黑市black market混合所有制经济a mixed sector of the economyJ基本经济制度the basic economic system基础产业和制造业basic and manufacturing industries基础设施infrastructure基础设施建设infrastructure construction集体经济the collective sector of the economy计划经济体制planned economy加快发展expedite development减员增效downsize staffs and improve efficiency节约的, 经济的economical经济弊病economic ills经济带economic belts经济发展的良好势头a good momentum of economic growth经济杠杆作用economic leverage经济较快增长a relatively rapid economic growth经济结构战略性调整strategic adjustment of the economic structure经济全球化economic globalization经济特区special economic zones (SEZ)经济文化交流economic and cultural exchanges经济效益好good economic returns经济增长economic growth经济总量economic aggregateK可持续发展sustainable development跨越式发展leapfrog development困难行业industries in straitened circumstances扩大内需expand domestic demandL拉动经济增长fuel economic growth劳动力labor劳务输出export of labor services粮食主产区main grain producing areas粮食综合生产能力comprehensive grain production capacity两岸经济合作cross-straits economic cooperationM, N民营科技企业non-public scientific and technological enterprises南北差距the north-south gap农村富余劳动力surplus rural labor农业的市场竞争力competitiveness of agriculture in the marketP泡沫经济bubble economy贫富悬殊income disparity贫困地区impoverished areas贫困人口impoverished people瓶颈制约bottleneck restrictionsQ取得领先地位assume leadership取缔非法收入outlaw illegal gainsR, S人民币非常坚挺the RMB is very strong (firm)三资企业(中外合资企业,中外合作企业, 外商独资企业) Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperativebusinesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China 社会经济稳定social and economic stability社会就业比较充分a higher rate of employment社会生产落后the backwardness of social production社会信用体系social credit system社会主义市场经济Socialist market economy社会主义现代化建设Socialist modernization深化国有企业改革to deepen SOE (state-owned enterprises) reform生活富裕an affluent life世界经济波动world economic fluctuations市场经济秩序the order of the market economy市政工程municipal works; public works试点工程, 试点项目pilot project收入悬殊excessive disparity in income私营部门private sector私营企业private enterprise商业银行commercial banks[扩展] [glossary]建设银行Construction Bank工商银行Industrial & Commercial Bank中国银行Bank of China农业银行Agricultural Bank交通银行Bank of Communication招商银行Merchants Bank税收taxation[扩展] [glossary]农业税agricultural tax保税区bonded area消费税consumption tax豪华税luxury tax个人所得税personal income tax财产税property tax保护关税protective duty/tariff岁入税；关税收入revenue tax营业税sales tax关税tariff逃税、漏税tax evasion免税期tax holiday纳税人tax payer税收政策tax policy税收减除tax reliefT脱贫致富shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity拓宽消费领域expand the scope of consumption投资investment[扩展][glossary]投资地点investment destination投资环境investment environment投资机构investment institutions投资热investment fever投资者investor投资政策investment policyW外商直接投资foreign direct investment外向型经济outward-looking economy外资企业overseas-funded enterprises; foreign-funded company完善的社会主义市场经济体制full-fledged socialist market economy温饱having only adequate food and clothing稳定物价stabilize prices稳健的货币政策the sound monetary policy外汇foreign exchange[扩展][glossary]外汇储备reign exchange reserves外汇管理局SAFE ( State Administration of Foreign Exchange) 外汇管制foreign exchange control外汇汇率foreign exchange rate外商直接投资direct foreign investmentX西部地区China's western region西部大开发the large-scale development of China’s western region下岗失业人员再就业reemploy laid-off workers消费需求的不足insufficient consumer spending消费者权益日International Day for Consumers' Rights and Interests国际交流和合作international exchanges and cooperation新的经济增长点new growth areas in the economy需求疲软weak demandY亚洲金融危机the Asian financial crisis衣食住用行food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities优化消费结构optimize the consumption structureZ招商inviting tenders; leasing振兴装备制造业revival of the equipment manufacturing industry政府资助项目government-sponsored programs质检QC (quality check)中部地区the central region中长期国外投资medium- and long-term foreign investment中国出口商品交易会(广交会) China Export Commodities Fair (Guangzhou Fair)中国加入世贸组织China's entry into the WTO中国购物中心论坛China Shopping Center Forum中国电信China Telecom中国联通China Unicom中国移动China Mobile中信(中国国际信托投资公司) Citic group中央银行the Central Bank / PBOC专卖店exclusive agency; franchised store资源消耗低low resources consumption资源优化配置optimize resource allocation自负盈亏responsible for one's own profits and losses自给自足autarky自由贸易free trade自由贸易区free trade zone自由职业人员free-lance professionals重点项目key project[扩展]国家重点工程national key projects南水北调South-to-North water diversion西电东送West-East electricity transmission project西气东输West-East natural gas transmission project。
英语翻译词汇系列-改革开放类
英语翻译词汇系列-改革开放类改革开放类翻译词汇汇总手册版可对折制成简易指南随身携带保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城镇居民最低生活保障A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market 发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险Take precautions against and reduce financial risks 防洪工程Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。
00087英汉翻译教程每课重点词汇
00087英汉翻译教程每课重点词汇00087英汉翻译教程每课重点词汇Lesson 11. fellow countrymen 同胞2. average height 中等身材3. gleaming eyes 闪光的眼睛4. in his middle twenties 二十多岁5. to be seated 招呼坐下6. stand squarely 端端正正地站着7. more than ten years his junior 比他年轻十几岁8. revolutionary road 革命道路9. Chinese communist Party 中国共产党10. full member 正式成员11. membership 党籍12. keep a secret 保密Lesson 21. immeasurable contrast 迥然不同2. to and fro 走来走去3. upturn face 仰着脸4. sweet spring 芬芳的春天5. anger and bitterness 又气愤又苦恼6. dense fog 大雾7. tense and anxious 紧张而焦急8. 五一的下午on the afternoon of May 1st9. 无言的呼唤wordless cry10. 探测绳sounding-lineLesson 31. 各种流派的different schools2. 前两天a few days ago3. 受限制be restricted/be subjected to4. 传统观念traditional thinking5. 不合理的制度irrational system6. 最高境界the highest state7. 浓妆艳抹heavy make up8. 主人公chief character/principal character9. 花言巧语flowery language10. 社会进步和人性发展social progress and human development Lesson 41. 工业革命Industrial Revolution2. 多功能的机器multi-purpose machine3. 出于自愿和兴趣on one’s own account, out of interest4. 新兴城市the rising town5. 大胆的举止in a bolder manner6. 实干家practical man7. 交通动脉arteries of communication8. in the air 传说中，酝酿中9. source of power 能源10. outstanding feature 突出特点Lesson 51. 极西地带far west2. 山区mountainous regions3. 永久定居permanent settlement4. 为…打下基础lay foundations for5. 专门从事devote exclusively to6. 合法手续legal title7. establish communities 建立村镇8. stock-raising 养殖畜牧业9. open public domain 开放的公共地带10. regular event 常事11. high plains 高原12. criss-crossed 纵横交错Lesson 61. 新民主主义new democracy2. 五四运动the May 4 Movement3. 辛亥革命the Revolution of 19114. 革命知识分子revolutionary intellectuals5. 帝国主义imperialist6. 无产阶级proletariat7. 在…的号召下at the call of8. 小资产阶级知识分子petty-bourgeois intellectuals9. 统一战线的革命运动the revolutionary movement of a united front10. 平民文学literature for the common people11. 北伐战争the Northern Expedition12. 右翼the rightwingLesson 71. life-giving 赋予生命2. everlastingly 无穷无尽的3. the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲4. freshly harvested 刚割的5. Mediterranean 地中海6. the Pyramids 金字塔7. negative effects 不良的后果8. a ghost town 鬼城；被遗弃的荒芜的城镇9. brightly painted 颜色鲜艳的10. member of a team 队员11. 河流入海口the mouth of the river12. 水坝发电power generated by the damLesson 81. Mt. Lofty Ranges 洛夫蒂岭山th2. average annual rainfall 平均年降雨量3. surveyor general 测量总监4. business district 商业区5. residential section 住宅区6. municipal government 自治政府7. lord mayoralty 市长的职位8. mineral deposit 矿藏9. marketing centre 贸易中心10. automobile components 汽车部件11. 地中海型气候Mediterranean climate12. 文艺节Festival of ArtsLesson 91. Palace Museum 故宫博物院2. walled courtyard 带围墙的院子3. watchtower 更楼4. complete group o f ancient buildings 完整的古代建筑群5. ravages of time 时间的摧残6. ancient Chinese architecture古代中国建筑7. historical sites 历史遗址8. cobbled roadway 鹅卵石路9. Golden Water Bridge 金水桥10. typical masterpiece 具有代表意义的杰作Lesson 101. global economy 全球性的经济2. sovereign nation 主权国家3. mutual prosperity 共同繁荣4. sum total 总数，总额5. foreign investment 外国投资6. per capita GNP 人均国民生产总值7. 沿海地区coastal areas8. 平均率average rate9. 电力生产electrical production10. 双边贸易two way trade11. 外汇foreign exchange12. 生活水平standard of livingLesson 111. marine insurance 海事保险2. flows of capital资本流动3. foreign exchange dealing 外汇交易4. outward investor 对外投资者5. Pacific region 太平洋地区6. the right climate for 良好的环境7. vast size and resources 地大物博8. to take a real interest in sth. 密切关注某事9. coastal city 沿海城市10. international community 国际社会11. entrepreneurial spirit 进取精神12. 对外开放政策the policy of opening to the outside world13. 世界投资体系world investment system14. 经济改革economic reformsLesson 121. 基本方针basic principle2. 自给自足self-sufficiency3. 客观有利因素favorable objective factors4. 生产条件production condition5. 耕地cultivated land6. 中、低产田medium-and-low-yield land7. 灌溉面积irrigated areas8. 宜农荒地arable land9. 复种指数multiple crop index10. 水利工程water-control projects11. 单位面积产量the yield per unit area12. 粮食总产量目标total grain output targetLesson 131. agonizing flashback 痛苦的回忆2. come and go 霎时即去3. property damage 财产损失4. monotonous 单调的，枯燥的5. flash-flooding 暴雨成灾6. to imprint on one’s mind 印在某人的脑海里7. scare tactic 吓唬人的办法8. power of nature 大自然的力量9. river bed 河床10. to give sth. much thought 仔细想某事11. 无情的relentless12. 雨季rainy seasonLesson 141. maternal grandfather 外祖父2. the flower of one’s youth 风华正茂3. popular science 科普读物4. undue absorption in the past 过分地怀念过去5. sucking vigor 汲取力量6. live one’s own life 独立生活7. the founder of Girton College 戈登学院的创办人8. clinging to youth 与年轻人呆在一起9. 过去的好时光the good old days10. 高等教育higher educationLesson 151. 旧梦重温going through old dreams2. 儿童出版社Children press3. 散文集collection of essays4. 丝绸之路the Silk Road5. 历史古迹the historic sites6. 大英博物馆the British Museum7. 简单的早餐simple breakfast8. 花坛flower bad9. 斗兽场arena10. 教皇PopeLesson 161. market-day 赶集的日子2.Sir John约翰爵士3.the renowned knight 著名的武士4.county history郡志5. lineal representative of the ancient family 古老世家的嫡派子孙Lesson 171. drug store 杂货店2. meticulously dressed 精心打扮，穿着讲究，一点不马虎3. tentative and uncertain manner 试探和踌躇的举止4.sb.’s face suddenly brighten 某人的脸上突然露出喜色Lesson 181. 初冬early winter2. 做中间人的；做中人的the go-between3. 月白色的pale green4. 祥林嫂Xianglin’s wife5. 试工期trial period6. 严厉的婆婆strict mother-in-law7. 打柴cut wood8. 熬夜to sit up9. 福礼sacrificial meat10.不惜力气not sparing oneselfLesson 191. a narrow swale 狭长的洼地2. the birth and death of the day 每一天的诞生和死亡3. the range of mountain 山脉4. mind and twist 蜿蜒5. a kind of invitation 殷勤邀请6. a beloved mother 亲爱的母亲7. dread of畏惧8. canyon峡谷9. sand bank 沙案10. part-time river 季节性河流Lesson 201. a far cry from 完全不同2. self-assurance 自信3. sober-faced 沉静的；镇静的4. odd-shaped 怪样子的5. well-mannered silence 规规矩矩，一声不响6. sailor suit 水手服7. the ice was broken 打破了僵局8. in unison 齐声；一致9. stare at sb. 凝视某人10. all of a sudden 突然11. resonant voice 洪亮的声音Lesson 211. 拉家带口be saddled with big family2. 拉排字车pull a hand cart3. 腊月二十三the twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month4. 前台front stage5. 小买卖人a peddler6. 养家to support the family7. 喊嗓子to practice singing8. 零工odd jobs9. 排队queue up10. 落汤鸡a drowned rat11. it rains cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨12. no show, no pay 不响锣，不给钱Lesson 221. mineral oil 矿物油2. onboard ship 在船上3. on shore 在岸上4. at chemist’s 在药店5. internal combustion engine 内燃机6. carriage drawn by the horse 马车7. be superior to 优于；好于8. in this respect 在这方面9. a thin file of oil 薄薄的一层油10. oil-burning lamp 油灯Lesson 231. superhighway 高速公路2. applied entomology 应用昆虫学3. living organisms 生物体4. an insect-free world 无昆虫的世界5. now and again 有时6. right to know 知情权7. science of biotic controls 生物控制学8. turn one’s back on 拒绝；冷眼相看9. entomologist 昆虫学家10. geneticist 遗传学家Lesson 241. 自然资源natural resources2. 人均per capita3. 淡水资源freshwater resources4. 长期的long-term5. 国民经济national economy6. 战略任务strategic task7. 大陆架continental shelves8. 专属经济区遣exclusive economic zones9. 海洋生物sea creature10. 低纬度low latitude11. 沉积盆地sedimentation basin12. 海洋旅游业marine tourismLesson 251. environmental law 环保法2. noise pollution 噪声污染3. public concerns 公众关注4. industrial pollutions 工业污染5. federal law 联邦法6. vaguely worded 措辞含糊7. court of appeals 上诉法院8. to grant a license 颁发许可证9. natural beauty 自然美10. Federal power Commission 联邦电力委员会Lesson 261. The Contracting States 成员国；缔约国2. copyright 版权3. universal convention 世界公约4. international understanding 国际间的了解5. domestic legislation 国内立法6. as follows如下7. unpublished works 未出版的作品8. works of the human mind 人类精神产品Lesson 271. 中外合资经营企业Chinese -Foreign Equity Joint V enture2. 经济合作economic cooperation3. 技术交流technological exchange4. 平等互利的原则principle of equality and mutual benefit5. 公共利益public interest6. 有限责任公司a limited liability company7. 注册资本. Registered capital8. 工业产权industrial property rights9. 先进技术advanced technology10. 董事会board of directors11. 总会计师treasurer12. 审计师auditor13. 储备基金reserve fund14. 外汇账户foreign exchange accountLesson 281. toast 祝酒词2. common ground 共同点3. differences 分歧4. magnificent dinner 盛大晚宴5．Compromise 妥协；让步6．Welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会7．Telecommunicate 电讯8．Prime minister 总理Lesson 291. full diplomatic relations 正式外交关系2. the Long March 长征3. the policies of reform and opening to the outside world 改革和对外开放政策4. Sino-American relationship 中美关系5. historically significant experiment 具有历史意义的尝试6. developing country 发展中国家7．Developed country 发达国家8．International affairs 国际事务9．Scientific exchange 科学交流10．National security policy 国家安全政策Lesson 301. 金秋时节golden fall2. 学术交流academic exchange3. 加强合作to promote cooperation4. 历史文化传统historical and cultural traditions5. 深刻的影响a profound impact6. 生化方式way of life7. 民族团结ethnic harmony; ethnic solidarity8. 区域自治regional autonomy9. 民族精神national spirit10. 周边环境neighboring environment11. 和平共处peaceful coexistence12.互相尊重mutual respect13.平等互利equality and mutual benefit14.互不干涉内政non-interference15.振兴中华rejuvenation of China。
人教版高中经济必修三重点单词短语汇总
人教版高中经济必修三重点单词短语汇总本文总结了人教版高中经济必修三中的重点单词和短语。
其中包括微观经济学、宏观经济学以及国际经济学三个部分的相关词汇。
微观经济学需求和供给- 需求（demand）- 供给（supply）- 市场（market）- 市场均衡（market equilibrium）- 政府价格管制（government price controls）- 显性成本（explicit cost）- 隐性成本（implicit cost）- 外部性（externality）- 公共物品（public goods）生产成本与产量- 生产要素（factors of production）- 均衡价格（equilibrium price）- 生产函数（production function）- 边际成本（marginal cost）- 存货（inventory）- 产量（output）- 生产率（productivity）- 学科交叉（interdisciplinarity）宏观经济学宏观经济变量- 国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product, GDP）- 价格水平（price level）- 失业率（unemployment rate）- 消费者物价指数（Consumer Price Index, CPI）- 投资（investment）- 政府支出（government spending）- 净出口（net exports）经济增长和周期- 经济增长（economic growth）- 经济周期（business cycle）- 战略性新兴产业（strategic emerging industries）- 人口结构（population structure）- 劳动力市场（labor market）- 供给侧结构性改革（supply-side structural reform）国际经济学贸易理论- 贸易赤字（trade deficit）- 贸易顺差（trade surplus）- 自由贸易（free trade）- 保护主义（protectionism）- 世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization, WTO）- 关税（tariff）- 非关税壁垒（non-tariff barriers）汇率市场- 汇率（exchange rate）- 固定汇率（fixed exchange rate）- 浮动汇率（floating exchange rate）- 外汇储备（foreign exchange reserves）- 汇率操纵（manipulation of exchange rates）- 汇率风险（exchange rate risk）以上是人教版高中经济必修三中的重点单词和短语，希望能帮助到您。
高中阶段的英语政治经济词汇英语知识点
高中阶段的英语政治经济词汇英语知识点1. 政治词汇：政治经济词汇在高中阶段的英语学习中占据重要的地位。
以下是一些常见的政治词汇及其英语表达：1.1 政府（Government）- The government plays a crucial role in implementing policies and providing services to its citizens.- The government is responsible for maintaining law and order in the country.1.2 国家（Nation）- Our nation is known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse population.- The nation's economy has been growing steadily over the past decade.1.3 民主（Democracy）- Democracy allows citizens to participate in decision-making processes and elect their representatives.- In a democratic society, freedom of speech and expression are protected.1.4 政策（Policy）- The government implemented new policies to promote economic growth and reduce unemployment.- The foreign policy of a country determines its relations with other nations.1.5 选举（Election）- Candidates campaign vigorously before the election to gain the support of the voters.- The results of the election will determine the future direction of the country.2. 经济词汇：在高中阶段的英语学习中，了解和掌握一些经济词汇也是非常重要的。
中国英语中的经济词汇
摘 要 由于中西⽅⽂化、思维⽅式和汉英两种语⾔之间的差异,使中国英语中的经济词汇和术语成为⼀种独特的语⾔现象。
它们既符合英语的基本规范,⼜与中国国情密切相关,反映了中国的经济⽅针政策、经济现象和经济特点。
本⽂重点讨论中国经济词汇与术语的翻译⽅法和表达特点,并从词汇层⾯上进⾏相关的分析和研究。
关键词 中国英语 经济词汇和术语 翻译⽅法 表达特点 Abstract Of recent , there have appeared a good number of English words and expressions related to Chinese economy. They are special in the sense that they conform to the English linguistic norms and meanwhile closely reflect China's economic principles and policies. The present paper focuses on techniques of translating such economic terms from Chinese into English. Key Words China English economic terms translation techniques expression features 根据语⽤学原理,任何经济词汇都具有⼀定的社会和历史内涵。
我国⾃改⾰开放以来,出现了⼤量具有中国特⾊的经济词汇,它们反映了我国各不同阶段的经济形势、经济⽅针政策以及相关的经济⽂化内涵,其英译体现了中国英语的鲜明特⾊。
虽然其中也不乏⼀些“正宗”的产⽣于西⽅国家的经济学术语,但由于在中国的具体运⽤⽽使其含义有所改变,更适合中国的国情,反映了中国的经济特点。
杜瑞清教授在述评“中国英语”时深刻地指出“由于缺乏对中国特⾊词的理论研究和应有的指导性规范,中国英语⽬前在使⽤上仍处于相当混乱的状态”。
新东方高口词汇第一章-经济与改革(英译中)
第一章经济与改革A hedge against inflation 防止通货膨胀的措施A prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策Absolute advantage 绝对优势Accounting 会计学账目清算财会Accountant 会计师Accounting fraud 作假账Accounting scandal 财务丑闻Bookkeeping 记账n.Financial statement 财务报表Keep the public informed of the financial affairs 财务公开Acquire V.购置获取购买取得所有权Acquisition 购置资产Active balance (passive balance/unfavorable balance) 顺差逆差Advanced technology 先进技术Aggregate demand 总需求Aggregate supply 总需要Allocation of financial resources 金融资源配置Ample supply 供应充裕An average annual increase 年均增长Annual return 年利润Anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施Areas for the market access市场准入领域Asset 资产Associate company (subsidiary/affiliate ) 联营公司子公司附属公司Autarchy n.自给自足；经济独立（政策地区国家）Authorization bill 授权书Bad loans 不良贷款Banking 银行业Investment bank 投资银行Goldman sachs 高盛Citibank 花旗银行HSBC (Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation) 汇丰银行Bank of America 美洲银行Deutsche Bank 德意志银行Bankruptcy protection 破产保护Block release 脱产进修Boomn. /v.（经济）突然膨胀Bottom line账本底线底线Brand loyalty对某个牌子的忠诚度Brand names 品牌Bretton Woods system 布雷顿森里体系Budget n. /v.预算Budget deficit预算赤字Budget surplus 预算盈余Budgetary items 预算项目Business cycle 商业周期Business fraud 商业欺诈Business mechanism 创业机制Business prototype 商业原型，商业模型Capital 资本Capital flow 资本流动Car loans 汽车贷款Cash bonus 现金奖励Cash flow 现金流量Cashier’s cheque 本票Central business district (CBD)中央商务区Certificated public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师Certified business executive 高级商务师Checks and balances 相互制约和平衡Collect call 对方付费Commerce clause 商业条款Commercialization 商品化Commodity 商品Common law 习惯法Concern [kən'sə:n] 公司商行康采恩（垄断组织）Corporate （股份有限）公司，企业Conglomerate 集团企业跨行业大企业Firm 公司尤指合股合伙公司Enterprise 企业公司事业Business 工商企业商务业务Establishment公司企业商业机构House商业机构出版公司Outfit 企业商业组织Venture ['ventʃə]（为盈利而进行的冒险的）企业Comparative advantage 相对优势Competition and comparison 竞争比较Competition mechanism 竞争机制Consumer s’ association消费者协会Consumer confidence 消费者信心Consumer expectations 消费预期Conventional industries 传统产业Core competitiveness 核心竞争力Cost-effectiveness 成本效益Cutting edge (have an edge on ) 优势（比……有优势）Dealer /jobber/broker n.经销商股票经纪人Deficit spending 赤字开支Deflation/ inflation 通货紧缩通货膨胀Demand curve 需求曲线Deposit n./v. 定金保证金Depreciation / appreciation 贬值增值Depression 萧条经济不景气的一段时间Designer clothing/jeans/sneakers 名牌服装牛仔裤运动鞋Devaluate V.（使）贬值Discount rate 贴现率折现率Distribution 流通分配Diversification of investment 投资多元化Double/triple/quadruple['kwɔdrupl, kwɔ'dru:-] 两倍三倍四倍Economic aggregate 经济总量Economic and cultural exchanges 经济文化交流Economic belts 经济带Economic globalization 经济全球哈Economic growth 经济增长Economic leverage 经济杠杆作用Economic regulation 经济调节Economic returns 经济回报经济效益Economic zones 经济区Economical 节约的经济的Economics 经济学Economical ills 经济弊病Economic class 客机经济舱Effective Corp management 有效的公司管理Loose and tight management 弛有度的管理A paragon of management virtue 管理功效的典Consequence management 结果管理Transparency management 透明管理The two-tier management system 双层管理体制Top-down management自上而下的管理模式Make one’s own management decisions 自主经营Managerial and technical staff 管理技术人员Managerial expertise 管理知识Annexation and reorganization of enterprises 企业兼并重组rporate checks and balances 企业间的制衡Corporate culture 企业文化Cross-national corporation 跨国公司Multinational Corporation跨国公司Transnational Corporation跨国公司Earning growth 收益增长Entrepreneur企业家Entrepreneurship 企业家身份（地位，职权，能力）Foreign-capital enterprise 外资企业Foreign invested venture外资企业Oversea-funded enterprises外资企业Enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 创业精神Individual initiative 个人主动性Initial capital 启动资金Listing of company 企业上市Traditional-bound business 受传统束缚的企业Transformation n.企业转型Registered capital 注册资本Equities 无固定利息的股票证券Federal Reserve System 联邦储备系统Federation 联邦Bullion market 金银买卖市场Discount market 贴现市场Equity market 股票市场Monopoly industriesService industry developing in all area 服务业全面发展textile industry 纺织产业The tertiary industry 第三产业Tourist industry 旅游业Industrialization 工业化Industries in straitened circumstances 困难行业Infrastructure 基础设施Insufficient demand 需求不足Interest cut 降息Interest group 利益集团Interest rate 利率International competitiveness 国际竞争力International settlement 国际结算Joint effort 共同努力Joint venture 合资企业Joint-stock system 股份制Labor intensive industries 劳动密集型产业Laffer curve拉费曲线Laissez-faire 放任政策Late charge 滞纳金Law of demand 需求定律Law of supply 供给定律Lawful business operations 合法经营Leasing 出租业务Legal person 法人Legitimacy 合理性，合法性Legitimate rights and interests正当权益Liability of fault 过失责任Limited liability CorporationLiquidity 变现能力Listed companies 上市公司Logistics 物流Loss leader 为招揽顾客而削本出售的商品Loss leader strategy （商店）优惠策略M&A (merger & acquisition) 收购兼并Macroeconomic control 宏观调控Macroeconomics宏观经济学Make ends meet 收支平衡Marginal return 边际报酬Market diversification 市场多元化Market economy 市场经济Market intelligence 市场情报，市场调查Market saturation 市场饱和Market share 市场占有率Market supervision 市场监管Marketization 市场化Market-oriented employment mechanism 市场导向的基业机制Mass production 批量生产Mechanism 机制Merger 合并Merger and bankruptcy 兼并破产Merit 价值Microeconomics 微观经济学Modern distribution 现代流通Modern market economy 现代市场经济Modern market system 现代市场体系Modern services 现代服务业Monetary 货币的European monetary integration 欧洲货币一体化Convertible currency 可兑换货币Monetary policy 货币政策Monetary lever货币杠杆Monetization 货币化Monetization of public debt 公债货币化Withdrawal of currency from circulation 货币回笼Monopoly 垄断Multifunctionality 多功能性Multilateral trade negotiation 多边贸易谈判Old-age pension 养老保险制度Oligarchy 寡头政治Oligopoly 求过于供的市场情况On-the-job training 岗位培训Opportunity cost 机会成本Optimize (maximize/minimize) 优化/最大化/最小化Overheating 过热Paragon 规典Patent 专利Patent grant 专利许可Patent law 专利法规Pension 退休金Per capita GDP 人均国生产总值Per capita income 人均收入Performance 业绩Performance-based salary system 基于业绩的工资制度Plunge/dip/down n./v. （价格）猛跌/小跌/下跌Political economy 政治经济Portfolio 投资组合Positioning定位Potential market 潜在市场Practical productive forces 现实生产力Primary productive forces 第一生产力Printing and packaging business 包装印刷业Private enterprise 私营企业Private sector私营部门Privatization[,praivətai'zeiʃən, -ti'z-]私有化Prime rate 银行最低贷款利率Produce 农产品Productivity生产力Promotion 促销Propaganda <贬义>宣传Proprietary intellectual property rights 自主知识产权Protectionism <贸易> 保护主义Public sector 公共部门Public services 公共服务Purchasing power 购买力QC quality check 质检QFII 合格的境外机构投资者Raffle v,/n. 抽奖售货Real economy 实体经济Recession 衰退Regime[rei'ʒi:m, ri-, ri'dʒi:m]政权机制Rent 租金Regional protectionism 地方保护主义Resources 资源Restructure 改组重组Retail gap 零售空间Saturation 饱和Sales volume 销售额Satellite town 卫星城Savings 储蓄Scale operation 规模经营Scarcity 缺乏Securities 政权Stock, bond, securities股票债券证券Securities, options and futures 证券期权期货A share A股票B share B股票Bear market 熊市Bull market 牛市China’s securities regulatory commission 中国证监会Corporate bonds 企业债Day trading 当日交易Delisted company 被摘牌的公司Equity participant 参股者Fixed income investments 固定收益类投资Hedge 对冲保值手段IPO(initial public offering) 首次上市（股票）Joint stock company 参股公司Long-term government bonds 长期国债Long-term treasury bonds for construction 长期建设国债Rally 反弹The Dow Jones industrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数The NASDAQ composite index 纳斯达克综合指数The Nikkei average 日经平均指数S&P（Standard & Poors）标准普尔指数London SE (stock exchange) 伦敦证券交易所New york SE 纽约证券交易所Shanghai SE 证券交易所Shenzhen SE证券交易所Seeking financing by listing on the stock market 上市融资Securities investment 证券投资State stock reduction, reduce state’s stake in listed companies 国有股减持State-held shares 国有股Stock index股票指数Stock option 股票期权Treasury bonds (T-bonds) 国库券The securities and futures ordinance 证券期货条例Separation of powers 权利分离SEC (securities and exchange commission) 证券交易委员会Slump n./v. （经济）衰退滑坡Soar/surge/climb n./v. （价格）上涨Social and economic stability社会经济稳定Social credit system 社会信用体系Social wealth 社会财富Solvency 偿付能力Sources of investment 投资主体Speculative 投机性的Stabilize prices 稳定物价Start/buil…from scratch 从零开始Storage and transport 储运Strategic planning 战略部署，战略计划Strong currency 货币坚挺Strong demand 需求强劲Sunrise industry产业Sunset industry夕阳产业Supply side economics 供方经济学Survival rate 成活率SWOT analysis 优势与劣势，机遇与挑战分析24-hour service 全天候服务Tangible benefits 实惠Technology-intensive product 技术密集产品Tender-invitation 招商The distribution (allocation) of resources 资源配置The economic structure 经济结构The industrial structure 产业结构The macro-control system 宏观调控体系The market system 市场体系The open economy 开放型经济The order of the market economy市场经济秩序The potentially largest market 潜在的最大市场The world trade organization 世贸组织The U.S. trade representative 美国贸易代表The Canadian trade mission 加拿大贸易代表团ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations)东南亚国家联盟ASEAN Free Trade Area东盟自由贸易区EU (European Union) 欧盟Chamber of import and export trade 进出口商会CIF (coat, insurance, freight)到岸价CIFC (cost, insurance, freight, commission)到岸价加佣金COD (cash on delivery)货到付款Diary product奶制品Durable consumer goods, consumer durables耐用消费品FMCG (fast-moving consumer goods)快速消费品FOB (free on board)离岸价Forward delivery 远期交货Free port 自由港Grassland farming 牧业Horticultural product 园艺品Ice-free harbor 不冻港L/C (letter of credit)信用证Non-tariff trade barriers 非关税壁垒Produce n. 农产品Protectionism 保护主义Protective price 保护价格Quotation of prices 报价单Retail market 零售市场Sea and air shipping service 海上和空中运输服务Single-product export country 单一产品出国Steel 钢铁The most competitive products 拳头产品Timber 木材Timber product 木器Trade balance 贸易平衡Trade bloc 贸易集团Trade conflicts 贸易冲突Trade deficit / surplus 贸易逆差/顺差Trade in commodities and services 商品和服务贸易Trade monopolies and regional blockades行业垄断和地区封锁Trade sanction 贸易制裁Trade volume 贸易额Wholesale market 批发市场Wool export 羊毛出口Traditional industries 传统产业Transaction 交易Triple n./v. 增值三倍 adj.成三倍的Turnover n.销售额TV shots 电视广告TQC (total quality control) 全面质量管理Unemployment insurance 失业保险Unemployment rate失业率Urban economics城市经济学Utility 公共事业Venture capital 风险资金Veto n./v. 否决Vicious circle 恶性循环Virtuous circle 良性循环Virtual economy 虚拟经济Virtuous circle 良性循环Welfare state 福利国家Work force 职工总数劳动力World multi-polarization 世界多极化。
新东方十年真题阅读词汇
十年真题阅读词汇一、经济词汇（1）宏观经济economic system 经济体系planned economy 计划经济market economy 市场经济market-oriented economy市场导向型经济market cycle市场周期market demand市场需求state-owned business国有经济industrialization 工业化home market国内市场red-hot economy白热化经济prosperous 经济繁荣的globalization全球化global inflation全球通货膨胀multinational corporation跨国公司stock price股票价格venture investment风险投资broker经纪人stakeholder股东economic puppet经济傀儡credit card信用卡monetary policy货币政策competitive price竞争价格retail price零售价commodity price物价steer the economy to a soft landing经济软着陆devalue贬值interest rate利率capital资金，资本intellectual property知识产权infrastructure基础设施treasury财政部，国库patent office专利局（2）微观经济productivity生产力production生产，产品transaction交易consumption消费subscribe to订购commodity日用品inferior article劣质商品qualitatively质量上monopoly垄断merger合并，归并consolidation巩固，合并incorporate合并downscale缩减规模centralization集中，中央集权化professionalization职业化freight运费shipper托运人，发货人premium保险费dealership代理权，经销权retailer零售商surplus过剩predominance优势vitality活力unexploited未开发的energy-intensive能源密集型的commercialize商业化underfund对…提供资金不足mountainous debt负债累累free enterprise自由企业limited liability company有限责任公司bureaucratic management官僚式管理top management高层管理administration管理，经营administrator管理人员shareholder股东executive director执行理事entrepreneur企业家competitor竞争者consultancy顾问职业blueprint蓝图manpower人力title头衔，称号part-timer兼职人员temporary worker临时工self-employment给自己打工opening空缺职位negotiate谈判，协商compensation赔偿，薪水二、科学词汇（1）网络通信database数据库data bit数据位search agent搜索代理interactive交互式的key in键入post粘贴，帖子keyword关键词repeated visit回访match匹配项electronics电子学telecommunication电信e-mail电子邮件teleconference远程会议distant conference远程会议sharing of information信息共享microprocessor微处理器transistor circuit晶体管电路semiconductor半导体electrify电气化research productivity研发能力（2）生物医学evolution进化evolutionary theory进化论natural selection物竞天择submicroscopi c亚微观的biomedical生物医学的molecular biology分子生物学epidemic流行病cataract白内障shot皮下注射depressant镇静剂hallucinogen迷幻剂sulfuric acid硫酸bypass替代管vaccine疫苗immunize使免疫gene基因simple sugar单糖tissue组织hip股骨nervous system神经系统central nervous system中枢神经系统surgeon外科医生physician内科医生therapy治疗clinical临床的symptom症状，征兆physical addiction生理上瘾psychological disorder心理失调psychological test心理测试mortality死亡率variation变异，变种（3）地理天文natural phenomenon自然现象drastic experiment深度实验external result外力作用的结果carbon dioxide二氧化碳photosynthesis光合作用ozone layer臭氧层atmosphere pressure气压air current气流water vapor水蒸气saturation饱和tidal wave潮汐hot spot热点ice cap冰冠ice sheet冰盾Ice Age冰河世纪Land mass大陆块hemisphere半球gravitation地心引力solar system太阳系light year光年galaxy星系cluster星云detector探测器space shuttle宇宙飞船space exploration宇宙勘探vertical flight垂直飞行decibel分贝velocity速率inertia惯性三、人文词汇（1）政治法律parliament国会，议会House of Commons下议院parliamentary debates议会辩论self-evident principle不言自明的法则verdict陪审团的判决arbiter仲裁者validity有效性，合法性period terminate截止日期suspension中止，悬而未决in-house counsel内部法律顾问citizenry公民，国民basic right基本权利privilege特权higher up上级，大人物elitism杰出人物统治论，精英论bureaucratic官僚主义的self-governing自治的，自我管理的espionage间谍活动spymaster间谍组织首脑CIA（Central Intelligence Agency）（美国）中央情报局（2）社会文化civilization文明，文明社会democratic society民主社会agricultural society农业社会socio-economi c社会经济的social status社会地位social ladder社会等级social inequality社会不平等underprivileged穷困的，下层社会的bottom line底线societal changes社会变革mediocrity平庸，平庸之才generalist多面手，通才futurist未来派画家athlete运动员entertainer演艺人员initiation ceremony开幕典礼spectator观众attendee出席者human relation人际关系parading procession游行队伍metropolitan大都市的uncivilized behavior后天习性traffic stream交通流量traffic jam交通堵塞traffic regulation交通法规charitable organization慈善组织material benefit医疗保险euthanasia安乐死drug addict吸毒成瘾者substance dependence物质依赖withdrawal symptom断瘾症状psychoactive作用于精神的deterioration退化，堕落a touch on the brakes悬崖勒马adolescence青春期house-proud关心家事的extended family大家庭parental permission家长许可mental conversation心灵对话intense perceptual distortion强烈知觉畸变anti-intellectualism反理智主义aggressive patriotism扩张性爱国主义advocate提倡，鼓吹Utopia乌托邦transcendentalist先验论者induction归纳deduction演绎humanity人性，博爱self-respect自尊soul searching真挚的自我反省self-examination自省anthropological人类学的census人口普查demographer人口统计学家lifespan寿命aging population老年人口tourist trail旅行路线interior design室内设计piped music管弦音乐四、标志词汇（1）作者态度a)正面objective客观的impartial公正的unbiased没有偏见的positive积极的，正确的supporting支持的impressive给人深刻印象的concerned关心的confident自信的optimistic乐观的carefree无我无虑的b）中立neutral中立的detached超然的factual实际的impassive冷漠的uninterested不感兴趣的apathetic无动于衷的indifferent无关紧要的compromising折中的impersonal不带个人色彩的c）反面subjective主观的critical批评的negative消极的，否定的intolerable不能忍受的biased有偏见的disgusting令人厌恶的doubtful怀疑的worried担忧的disappointed失望的pessimistic悲观的gloomy沮丧的hostile敌对的ambivalent矛盾的（2）关联提示a)表递进and和also也moreover此外likewise同样地more important更重要的first第一，首先finally最后in addition to除…之外then于是thus因而so因而，所以therefore因此，所以consequently从而，因此accordingly相应地，因此b）表转折but但是yet然而while当…的时候，虽然however无论如何，然而nevertheless然而，不过though尽管otherwise否则in spite of不管，不论on the contrary正相反in contrast相反c）表原因because因为，由于because of因为…for the reason of因为…的原因result from由…产生d）表结论as a result结果to sum up总之in conclusion最后，总之in short简而言之in brief简明扼要地on the whole大体上，基本上e）表目的so that为了，以便so as to为了in order to为了for this purpose为了这个目的f）表举例such as比如for example例如for instance例如in particular特别地g）表条件if如果，假设unless除非in that case如果是那样的话in this circ。
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第一章经济与改革A hedge agai nst in flation防止通货膨胀的措施A prude nt mon etary policy 稳健的货币政策Absolute adva ntage 绝对优势Accounting会计学账目清算财会Acco untant 会计师Acco un ti ng fraud 作假账Acco un ti ng sca ndal 财务丑闻Bookkeeping 记账n.Finan cial stateme nt 财务报表Keep the public in formed of the finan cial affairs 财务公开Acquire V.购置获取购买取得所有权Acquisiti on 购置资产Active balance (passive balance/unfavorable balanee顺差逆差Adva need tech no logy 先进技术Aggregate dema nd 总需求Aggregate supply 总需要Allocation of financial resources 金融资源配置Ample supply供应充裕An average annual in crease年均增长Annual retur n 年利润An ti-dump ing measures 反倾销措施Areas for the market access市场准入领域Asset资产Associate company (subsidiary/affiliate )联营公司子公司附属公司Autarchy n.自给自足；经济独立(政策地区国家)Authorization bill 授权书Bad loa ns不良贷款Banking银行业Inv estme nt bank 投资银行Goldma n sachs 高盛Citibank花旗银行HSBC (Ho ng Kong and Sha nghai Banking Corporati on)汇丰银行Bank of America 美洲银行Deutsche Ba nk德意志银行Ban kruptcy protecti on 破产保护Block release脱产进修Boom n. /v.(经济)突然膨胀Bottom line账本底线底线Bra nd loyalty对某个牌子的忠诚度Bra nd n ames 品牌Bretton Woods system布雷顿森里体系Budget n. /v.预算Budget deficit 预算赤字Budget surplus 预算盈余Budgetary items 预算项目Busin ess cycle 商业周期Busi ness fraud 商业欺诈Busin ess mecha nism 仓U业机制Busi ness prototype商业原型，商业模型Capital 资本Capital flow 资本流动Car loa ns汽车贷款Cash bonus现金奖励Cash flow现金流量Cashier'cheque 本票Cen tral busi ness district (CBD)中央商务区Certificated public accou ntant (CPA)注册会计师Certified bus in ess executive 高级商务师Checks and bala nces相互制约和平衡Collect call对方付费电话Commerce clause 商业条款Commercializati on 商品化Commodity 商品Com mon law习惯法Concern [k?n's?:n]公司商行康采恩(垄断组织) Corporate （股份有限）公司，企业Con glomerate集团企业跨行业大企业Firm公司尤指合股合伙公司Enterprise企业公司事业Business工商企业商务业务Establishment公司企业商业机构House商业机构出版公司Outfit企业商业组织Ven ture['ve nt??]（为盈利而进行的冒险的）企业Comparative adva ntage 相对优势Competiti on and comparis on 竞争比较Competiti on mecha nism 竞争机制Con sumeis 'ssociati on 消费者协会Con sumer con fide nce 消费者信心Con sumer expectati ons 消费预期Conven ti onal in dustries 传统产业Core competitive ness 核心竞争力Cost-effective ness 成本效益Cutting edge （have an edge on ）优势（比..... 有优势）Dealer /jobber/broker n.经销商股票经纪人Deficit spe nding 赤字开支Deflatio n/ in flation通货紧缩通货膨胀Dema nd curve 需求曲线Deposit n./v.定金保证金Depreciation / appreciation 贬值增值Depression萧条经济不景气的一段时间Designer clothing/jeans/sneakers名牌服装牛仔裤运动鞋Devaluate V （使）贬值Discount rate贴现率折现率Distribution流通分配Diversification of investment 投资多元化Double/triple/quadruple ['kw?drupi, kw ?'dru：-] 两倍三倍四倍Econo mic aggregate 经济总量Econo mic and cultural excha nges 经济文化交流Econo mic belts 经济带Econo mic globalizati on 经济全球哈Econo mic growth 经济增长Econo mic leverage 经济杠杆作用Econo mic regulati on 经济调节Economic returns经济回报经济效益Econo mic zones 经济区Economical节约的经济的Econo mics经济学Economical ills 经济弊病Econo mic class客机经济舱Effective Corp man ageme nt 有效的公司管理Loose and tight man ageme nt 张弛有度的管理A parag on of man ageme nt virtue 管理功效的典范Con seque nee man ageme n 结果管理Tran spare ncy man ageme n透明管理The two-tier man ageme nt system 双层管理体制Top-dow n man ageme nt自上而下的管理模式Make one' own man ageme nt decisi ons 自主经营Man agerial and tech ni cal staff 管理技术人员Man agerial expertise 管理知识Ann exati on and reorga ni zati on of en terprises 企业兼并重组rporate checks and bala nces企业间的制衡Corporate culture 企业文化Cross -n ati onal corporatio n 跨国公司Mult in ati onal Corporati on 跨国公司Transn ati onal Corporati on 跨国公司Earning growth 收益增长En trepre neur 企业家En trepre neurship企业家身份（地位，职权，能力）Foreig n-capital en terprise 夕卜资企业Foreig n inv ested ven ture 夕卜资企业Oversea-fu nded en terprise外卜资企业Enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 仓U业精神In dividual ini tiative 个人主动性Initial capital 启动资金Listi ng of compa ny 企业上市Traditi on al-bo und bus in ess 受传统束缚的企业Tra nsformatio n n.企业转型Registered capital 注册资本Equities无固定利息的股票证券Federal Reserve System联邦储备系统Federation 联邦Bullion market金银买卖市场Discou nt market 贴现市场Equity market股票市场Mon opoly in dustriesService industry developing in all area 服务业全面发展textile industry 纺织产业The tertiary industry 第三产业Tourist in dustry 旅游业Industrialization 工业化Industries in straitened circumstances困难行业In frastructure 基础设施In sufficie nt dema nd 需求不足In terest cut 降息In terest group 利益集团In terest rate 利U率Intern ati onal competitive ness 国际竞争力Intern ati onal settleme nt 国际结算Joi nt effort共同努力Joint ven ture合资企业Join t-stock system 股份制Labor inten sive in dustries 劳动密集型产业Laffer curve拉费曲线Laissez-faire 放任政策Late charge 滞纟纳金Law of dema nd 需求定律Law of supply 供给定律Lawful bus in ess operati ons 合法经营Leas ing出租业务Legal pers on 法人Legitimacy合理性，合法性Legitimate rights and in terests正当权益Liability of fault 过失责任Limited liability Corporati on 有限公司Liquidity变现能力Listed compa nies 上市公司Logistics 物流Loss leader为招揽顾客而削本出售的商品Loss leader strategy (商店)优惠策略M&A (merger & acquisition)收购兼并Macroec ono mic con trol 宏观调控Macroec ono mics宏观经济学Make en ds meet收支平衡Margi nal return 边际报酬Market diversification 市场多元化Market economy 市场经济Market intelligence市场情报，市场调查Market saturati on 市场饱和Market share市场占有率Market supervisi on 市场监管Marketization 市场化Market-orie nted employme nt mecha nism 市场导向的基业机制Mass producti on 批量生产Mecha nism 机制Merger合并Merger and ban kruptcy 兼并破产Merit价值Microeco no mics微观经济学Modern distribution 现代流通Moder n market economy 现代市场经济Moder n market system 现代市场体系Modern services现代服务业Mon etary货币的Europea n mon etary in tegrati on 欧洲货币一体化Conv ertible curre ncy 可兑换货币Monetary policy 货币政策Mon etary lever 货币杠杆Mon etizati on 货币化Monetization of public debt 公债货币化Withdrawal of currency from circulation 货币回笼Monopoly 垄断Multifunctionality 多功能性Multilateral trade negotiatio n 多边贸易谈判Old-age pen sion养老保险制度Oligarchy寡头政治Oligopoly求过于供的市场情况On-the-job training 岗位培训Opport unity cost 机会成本Optimize (maximize/minimize) 优化/最大化/最小化Overheat ing 过热Paragon规范典范Pate nt 专禾UPate nt grant专利许可Pate nt law专利法规Pension退休金Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值Per capita in come 人均收入Performa nee 业绩Performa nce-based salary system基于业绩的工资制度Plunge/dip/down n./v.(价格)猛跌/小跌/下跌Political economy 政治经济Portfolio投资组合Positioning 定位Pote ntial market 潜在市场Practical productive forces 现实生产力Primary productive forces 第一生产力Pri nti ng and packag ing bus in ess 包装印刷业Private en terprise 私营企业Private sector 私营部门Privatization [,praiv ?tai'zei ??n，-ti'z-] 私有化Prime rate银行最低贷款利率Produce农产品Productivity 生产力Promoti on 促销Propaganda ＜贬义＞宣传Proprietary intellectual property rights 自主知识产权Protectionism ＜贸易＞保护主义Public sector公共部门Public services 公共服务Purchas ing power 购买力QC quality check 质检QFII合格的境外机构投资者Raffle v,/n.抽奖售货Real economy实体经济Recessi on 衰退Regime [rei'?i:m, ri-, ri'd ?i:m] 政权机制Rent租金Regi onal protectio nism 地方保护主义Resources 资源Restructure改组重组Retail gap零售空间Saturatio n 饱和Sales volume 销售额Satellite tow n 卫星城Savings 储蓄Scale operati on 规模经营Scarcity 缺乏Securities 政权Stock, bond, securities 股票债券证券Securities, options and futures证券期权期货A share A 股票B share B 股票Bear market 熊市Bull market 牛市Chin a'securities regulatory commissi on 中国证监会Corporate bonds 企业债Day trading当日交易Delisted compa ny被摘牌的公司Equity participant 参股者Fixed in come inv estme nts 固定收益类投资Hedge对冲保值手段IPO(initial public offering)首次上市(股票)Joint stock compa ny 参股公司Lon g-term gover nment bonds 长期国债Lon g-term treasury bonds for con structi on 长期建设国债Rally反弹The Dow Jones in dustrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数The NASDAQ composite index纳斯达克综合指数The Nikkei average日经平均指数S&P( Standard & Poor9标准普尔指数London SE (stock excha nge)伦敦证券交易所New york SE纽约证券交易所Sha nghai SE上海证券交易所She nzhen SE深圳证券交易所Seeki ng financing by list ing on the stock market 上市融资Securities inv estme nt 证券投资State stock reducti on, reduce stat'stake in listed compa nies 国有股减持State-held shares 国有股Stock in dex股票指数Stock option股票期权Treasury bonds （T-b on ds）国库券The securities and futures ordinance证券期货条例Separati on of powers 权利分离SEC （securities and excha nge commissio n证券交易委员会Slump n./v.（经济）衰退滑坡Soar/surge/climb n ./v.（价格）上涨Social and econo mic stability 社会经济稳定Social credit system社会信用体系Social wealth社会财富Solve ncy偿付能力Sources of i nv estme nt 投资主体Speculative投机性的Stabilize prices 稳定物价Start/buil …from scratch 从零开始Storage and tran sport 储运Strategic planning战略部署，战略计划Str ong curre ncy 货币坚挺Strong dema nd需求强劲Sun rise in dustry 朝阳产业Sun set in dustry 夕阳产业Supply side econo mics 供方经济学Survival rate 成活率SWOT an alysis优势与劣势，机遇与挑战分析24-hour service全天候服务Tan gible ben efits 实惠Tech no logy-i nten sive product 技术密集产品Ten der-i nvitati on 招商The distribution (allocation) of resources 资源配置The econo mic structure 经济结构The in dustrial structure 产业结构The macro-c on trol system 宏观调控体系The market system 市场体系The ope n economy 开放型经济The order of the market economy市场经济秩序The pote ntially largest market 潜在的最大市场The world trade orga ni zati on 世贸组织The U.S. trade represe ntative 美国贸易代表The Ca nadia n trade missio n加拿大贸易代表团ASEAN (Associatio n of South-East Asia n Natio ns)东南亚国家联盟ASEAN Free Trade Area东盟自由贸易区EU (Europea n Un io n)欧盟Chamber of import and export trade 进出口商会CIF (coat, in sura nee, freight到岸价CIFC (cost, i nsura nee, freight, commissi on到岸价加佣金COD (cash on delivery)货到付款Diary product 奶制品Durable con sumer goods, con sumer durable耐用消费品FMCG (fast-movi ng con sumer goods快速消费品FOB (free on board)离岸价Forward delivery 远期交货Free port自由港Grassla nd farmi ng 牧业Horticultural product 园艺品Ice-free harbor 不冻港L/C (letter of credit)信用证Non-tariff trade barriers 非关税壁垒Produce n.农产品Protectio nism 保护主义Protective price 保护价格Quotati on of prices 报价单Retail market零售市场Sea and air shipp ing service海上和空中运输服务Sin gle-product export country 单一产品出国Steel钢铁The most competitive products 拳头产品Timber木材Timber product 木器Trade bala nee贸易平衡Trade bloc贸易集团Trade eon fliets 贸易冲突Trade deficit / surplus 贸易逆差/顺差Trade in commodities and services商品和服务贸易Trade mon opolies and regional blockades行业垄断和地区圭寸锁Trade san cti on 贸易制裁Trade volume 贸易额Wholesale market 批发市场Wool export 羊毛出口Traditi on al in dustries 传统产业Tran sacti on 交易Triple n./v.增值三倍adj.成三倍的Turnover n.销售额TV shots电视广告TQC (total quality control)全面质量管理Un employme nt in sura nee 失业保险Un employme nt rate 失业率Urba n econo mics城市经济学Utility公共事业Ven ture capital 风险资金Veto n./v.否决Vicious circle 恶性循环Virtuous circle 良性循环Virtual economy 虚拟经济Virtuous circle 良性循环Welfare state福利国家Work force职工总数劳动力World multi-polarization 世界多极化。