反相微乳液

W/O微乳液作为一种新兴的制备方法,设备、工艺简单，能提供一个纳米级的微反应器，能较精确的控制纳米粒子的形貌，很好的避免其他至北方的方法过程中可能引起的纳米粒子的不稳定（团聚、氧化等），而且制备的纳米粒子具有粒径小、分散性好、不含杂质等优点。W/O是制备水溶性聚合物纳米粒子如聚丙烯酰胺和导电聚合物纳米粒子如聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩的重要手段，是一种具有发展前途的聚合物纳米粒子制备方法。

W/O微乳液，是将表面活性剂和助表面活性剂溶解在非极性或极性很低的有机溶剂中，当表面活性剂超过一定量CMC时，溶液能显著的增溶极性液体（如水，水溶液）。是以不溶于水的非极性物质相为分散介质，以极性物质为分散相的分散体系。其中，水相以纳米尺寸的水滴形式分布在油相中，并依靠聚集在油水界面处的表面活性剂起到稳定作用，与油相形成了彼此分离的微区。由，油连续相、水核及表面活性剂与助表面活性剂组成的界面三相构成。

反相微乳胶中的微水池为单一均匀的纳米级空间。由于微乳液是热力学稳定体系，在一定条件下具有保持稳定尺寸的能力，即使破裂能能重组，因此可提供制备均匀尺寸纳米粒子的理想微环境。

Generally, the nanoparticles having a small particle size, good dispersibility, excluding impurities, etc. by reverse microemulsion method. It is a promising method for the preparation of polymer.

W / O microemulsion as a new preparation method, equipment, process is simple, to provide a nano-scale micro-reactor, a more precise control of the morphology of the nanoparticles, avoid the other to the north inthe nanoparticles may cause instability (aggregates, oxidation, etc.), but the nanocrystalline particles having a small particle size, good dispersibility, excluding impurities, etc..

Reverse microemulsion is thermodynamically stable, transparent or translucent, isotropic solutions consisting of water, oil and a surfactant. The small droplets of water in oil with nanosized are formed in the reverse microemulsion, which is single and uniform. The droplet dimension can be modulated under certain conditions due to it is a system. Furthermore, these droplets act as microreactors for processing reactions, and precisely control the morphology of nanoparticles, and prevent the agglomeration of nanoparticles. Therefore, it could provide an ideal microenvironment for the preparation of uniformly sized nanoparticles, and nanoparticles synthesized by this method having a small particle size, good dispersibility, excluding impurities, etc., generally. Reverse microemulsion polymerization is a simple and easy method for the synthesis of composite materials, which possesses several advantages such as narrow molecular weight distribution, and narrow particle size distribution. It has been widely applied in preparing polymeric particles [22, 23]. As a result, inverse microemulsion and reverse microemulsion polymerization method were used used for preparation of AgNPs and AgNPs/PS composite in this paper. A AgNPs colloid with homodisperse and stable was obtained, and AgNPs/PS composite with good thermodynamically stability and narrow molecular weight distribution was given. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the synthesis of AgNPs/PS composite via reverse microemulsion polymerization.