翻译的三种方法

归化
由于文化上的差异，英译汉时有时直 译原文就会使译入语读者感到费解，甚至 误解。这时，就有必要借用汉语中意义相 同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文化色彩的表 达法对原文加以归化。归化翻译法常用于 处理某些英语成语、典故、形象词语等一 类文化色彩较浓的表达方式。恰倒好处地 归化可以使译文地道简洁、生动活泼，便 于译入语读者理解和接受。
彬格莱先生从他的父亲那儿只承继了一笔将近十万镑的遗产。他父亲生前本 来打算购置些田产，可惜没有了却心愿就与世长辞了。
彬格莱先生同样有这个打算，并且一度打算就在自己故乡购置，不过目前他既然 有了一幢很好的房子，而且有庄园听他任意使用，于是那些了解他性格的人都说， 象他这样一个随遇而安的人，下半辈子恐怕就在尼日斐花园度过，购置田产的事 又要留给下一代去做了。
He would be the last man to do such foolish things. 他决不会干这种蠢事。 The last person we would have suspected. 我们最不可能怀疑的人. The last man for the job. 对这项工作最不合适的人.
班纳特太太最大的人生目标就是给她的五个女儿找到如意 郎君。可惜天不从人愿，二女儿伊丽莎白偏能找出100个不 愿结婚的理由。
Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humor, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three and twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace as visiting and news.
as dumb as an oyster
lead a dog’s life
守口如瓶
过着牛马一样的生活
挂羊头，卖狗肉 牛饮
cry up wine and sell vinegar
drink like a fish
杀鸡取卵
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs
翻译的三种境界
翻译可分为译字、译意、译味 三种不同境界。换言之，译字 类如直译，译意类如意译，译 味则需兼及风格、神韵。译味 是沟通不同语言文化的一种切 实可行的翻译手段。
1）“We must indeed all hang together, or we shall assuredly all hang separately.”
班纳特先生真是个古怪人，他一方面喜欢插科打浑，爱挖苦人，同时又不 拘言笑，变幻莫测，真使他那位太太积二十三年之经验，还摸不透他的性 格。太太的脑子是很容易加以分析的。
她是个才疏学浅、不学无术、喜怒无常的女人，只要碰到不称心的事，她就自以为 神经衰弱。她生平的大事就是嫁女儿；她生平的安慰就是访友拜客和打听新闻。
Bingley was endeared to Darcy by the easiness, openness, ductility of his temper, though no disposition could offer a greater contrast to his own, and though with his own he never appeared dissatisfied. On the strength of Darcy's regard Bingley had the firmest reliance, and of his judgment the highest opinion.
1)She found herself to be a fifth wheel in the family.
她感到她成了这个家庭多余的人。 2）The senate investigation turned out to be a
Pandora’s box for the administration.
甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。 乙：你这人真有意思，怎么也来这一套？ 甲：唉，只是意思意思罢了。 乙：啊，真不好意思。
“不可译性”问题
长期以来，存在于翻译研究中一个重要的课题是翻译的 “可译性”与“不可译性”。翻译的“可译性”是指一种 语言可以在符合翻译标准的前提下译成另外一种语言。事 实上，并不是所有的语言都可以译成另一种语言，这就产 生了翻译的“不可译性”问题。 诚然，承认可译性并不意味着不用思考语言“不可译性” 的问题，而是要求译者研究和实践怎样通过一定的手段化 “不可译”为“可译”。正因为如此，人们在努力摆脱逐 词死译和单纯语言对等的束缚，另辟蹊径，探讨功能对等、 动态等值、交际同一、美学等效和文化对等的原则和对策， 使翻译理论丰富多彩，多维互补，日趋完善。
省译
1) Whether the laws are good or bad, they cannot complain, they cannot question, they cannot suggest changes. 无论法律公正与否，他们无法抱怨、无法质疑、无法 建议修改。 2) Follow the river and you will get to the sea. 沿着河流就能找到大海。/顺藤摸瓜。
3)Money is the last thing he wants, and you won’t succeed by offering it.
译字:钱是他想要的最后的一件东西，你通过提供它 给他将不会成功。 译意:钱是他最不想要的东西，你给他钱也不会成功。
译味: 他决不会要你的钱，你Hale Waihona Puke Baidu他钱也白搭。
These new pills you gave me worked like a charm. 你给我的新药丸真是药到病除。 Here is our man of the moment. 看，我们的大红人来了。 He has met his master. 他遇到了克星。
6） Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson.
嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。
7）One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.
一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。
Mr. Bingley inherited property to the amount of nearly an hundred thousand pounds from his father, who had intended to purchase an estate, but did not live to do it. -- Mr. Bingley intended it likewise, and sometimes made choice of his county; but as he was now provided with a good house and the liberty of a manor, it was doubtful to many of those who best knew the easiness of his temper, whether he might not spend the remainder of his days at Netherfield, and leave the next generation to purchase.
A: This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Please do take it. B: Oh, aren't you a bit too polite? You shouldn't do that. A: Well, it just conveys my gratitude. B: Ah, thank you then, though I really don't deserve it.
译字：咱们要不抱在一起，准保会吊在一起。
译意：我们不紧紧团结一致，必然一个个被人 绞死。
译味：我们必须同上沙场，否则就得分赴刑场。
2) He bent solely upon profit.
译字: 他只曲身于利润之前。 译意: 只有利润才能使他低头。 或：他只向利润屈膝。 译味: 他唯利是图。
4）“No aim could be too remote, too simple, too absurd—and no experiment too outlandish.”
译字: 没有任何目标能够是太遥远、太简单、太荒 唐——没有任何实验太奇特。 译意: 什么样的目标都不会太遥远、太简单、太荒 唐——什么样的实验都不会太奇特。 译味: 再渺茫、再简单、再荒唐的目标也值得为之 努力——再奇异的实验都可以做。
3) The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已经获得什么，而在于渴望得到什么。
一、 从语法角度来看
Practice: Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short, showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight. 她一头乌黑卷发，蓬松凌乱地垂在宽阔的前 额上；脸短短的，上唇薄薄的，露出一排闪 亮的牙齿；眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又黑又长， 鼻子笔直笔直的。
8） Last night I heard him driving his pig to market.
昨夜我听到他鼾声如雷。
《 傲 慢
与
偏 见 》
The biggest goal in life of Mrs. Bennet is to find Mr. Right for her five daughters. Unfortunately, Heaven declines to accept people's wish, the second daughter, Elizabeth, partial to find out 100 reasons not to get married.
参议院的调查结果给政府带来了意想不到的麻烦。 3）Save your breath; the boss will never give you
the day off.
说也无益，老板不会准你假的。
4） I didn’t tell George when he came home. He’d have laughed his head off. 乔治回家时我没敢告诉他，否则他会笑掉牙的。 5）Johnson obviously knows this street like the back of his hand. 显然约翰逊非常熟悉这条街。