托福TPO52口语文本+题目及下载

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托福阅读tpo52R-3原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识

tpo52阅读-3Early Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa原文 (1)译文 (3)题目 (4)答案 (8)背景知识 (11)原文Early Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa①At the end of the Pleistocene (around 10,000 B.C.), the technologies of food production may have already been employed on the fringes of the rain forests of western and central Africa, where the common use of such root plants as the African yam led people to recognize the advantages of growing their own food. The yam can easily be resprouted if the top is replanted. This primitive form of "vegeculture" (cultivation of root and tree crops) may have been the economic tradition onto which the cultivation of summer rainfall cereal crops was grafted as it came into use south of the grassland areas on the Sahara's southern borders.②As the Sahara dried up after 5000 B.C., pastoral peoples (cattle herders) moved southward along major watercourses into the savanna belt of West Africa and the Sudan. By 3000 B.C., just as ancient Egyptian civilization was coming into being along the Nile, they had settled in the heart of the East African highlands far to the south. The East African highlands are ideal cattle country and the home today of such famous cattle-herding peoples as the Masai. The highlands were inhabited byhunter-gatherers living around mountains near the plains until about 3300 B.C., when the first cattle herders appeared. These cattle people may have moved between fixed settlements during the wet and dry seasons, living off hunting in the dry months and their own livestock and agriculture during the rains.③As was the case elsewhere, cattle were demanding animals in Africa. They required water at least every 24 hours and large tracts of grazing grass if herds of any size were to be maintained. The secret was the careful selection of grazing land, especially in environments where seasonal rainfall led to marked differences in graze quality throughout the year. Even modest cattle herds required plenty of land and considerable mobility. To acquire such land often required moving herds considerable distances, even from summer to winter pastures. At the same time, the cattle owners had to graze their stock in tsetse-fly-free areas The only protection against human and animal sleeping sickness, a disease carried by the tsetse fly, was to avoid settling or farming such areas - a constraint severely limiting the movements of cattle-owning farmers in eastern and central Africa. As a result, small cattle herds spread south rapidly in areas where they could be grazed. Long before cereal agriculture took hold far south of the Sahara, some hunter-gatherer groups in the savanna woodlands of eastern and southern Africa may have acquired cattle, and perhaps other domesticated animals, by gift exchange or through raids on herding neighbors.④Contrary to popular belief: there is no such phenomenon as "pure" pastoralists,a society that subsists on its herds alone. The Saharan herders who moved southward to escape drought were almost certainly also cultivating sorghum, millet; and other tropical rainfall crops. By 1500 B.C., cereal agriculture was widespread throughout the savanna belt south of the Sahara. Small farming communities dotted the grasslands and forest margins of eastern West Africa, all of them depending on what is called shifting agriculture. This form of agriculture involved clearing woodland, burning the felled brush over the cleared plot, mixing the ash into the soil, and then cultivating the prepared fields. After a few years, the soil was exhausted, so the farmer moved on, exploiting new woodland and leaving the abandoned fields to lie fallow. Shifting agriculture, often called slash-and-burn, was highly adaptive for savanna farmers without plows, for it allowed cereal farming with the minimal expenditure of energy.⑤The process of clearance and burning may have seemed haphazard to the uninformed eye, but it was not. Except in favored areas, such as regularly inundated floodplains: tropical Africa's soils were of only moderate to low fertility. The art of farming was careful soil selection, that is, knowing which soils were light and easily cultivable, could be readily turned with small hoes, and would maintain their fertility over several years' planting, for cereal crops rapidly remove nitrogen and other nutrients from the soil. Once it had taken hold: slash-and-burn agriculture expanded its frontiers rapidly as village after village took up new lands,moving forward so rapidly that one expert has estimated it took a mere two centuries to cover 2,000 kilometers from eastern to southern Africa.译文撒哈拉以南非洲的早期粮食生产①更新世末期（大约公元前10000年），人们或许已经在非洲西部和中部的热带雨林周边运用粮食生产技术，例如非洲山药等根茎植物在这些地区的普遍种植使人们意识到粮食种植的优势。

托福听力tpo52 section2 对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文

托福听力tpo52section2对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Conversation2 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (5)译文 (5)Lecture3 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (11)Lecture4 (13)原文 (13)题目 (15)答案 (17)译文 (17)Conversation2原文NARRATOR:Listen to part of a conversation between a student and an employee at the campus store.FEMALE STUDENT:I like those ceramic coffee mugs you have on display at the other end of the store.Were they made by students?MALE PROFESSOR:Oh,we only use certain suppliers—wholesalers who've been selected by the store manager.FEMALE STUDENT:Do you ever sell things made by students?MALE PROFESSOR:We use preferred vendors only because,I mean…if we said yes to one student,we’d have to say yes to any student who asks.And the store's only so big!FEMALE STUDENT:Hmm,that’s too bad,'cause—um,I make these pretty ceramic bowls—I design'em myself—I'm a studio art major.Anyway,I was hoping I could sell’em here.You see,I’m taking Art202—“Marketing your Art.”And for my final project,I need to find a way to sell my own artwork.MALE PROFESSOR:Hmm…What about selling online?A lotta art and crafts are marketed that way.FEMALE STUDENT:I really don't have the computer skills,or the time to manage a Web site.MALE PROFESSOR:What about the Emporium—you know,that gift shop downtown? I’ve seen items by local artists there—FEMALE STUDENT:The Emporium buys directly from artists?MALE PROFESSOR:Well,they sell items on consignment.FEMALE STUDENT:Consignment…I think my professor mentioned that.MALE PROFESSOR:Yeah,you give them some items to sell on your behalf,and then you and the store split the purchase price.But they wouldn't pay you anything up front—if that’s what you want.And might may need to provide your own display case.FEMALE STUDENT:Oh,I already have a display case,a portable one with three shelves.But aren't there shops that would,you know,just buy stuff from me outright? 'Cause,if not enough bowls are sold,how would I recoup the cost of my materials—they’re not cheap…and neither was the case!MALE PROFESSOR:All the stores around here that sell craft items are small andindependently owned,like the Emporium.For them,selling on consignment lowers their risk;they don’t get stuck with unsold items—they can return them to the owner. You just have to make sure you set a retail price high enough to make it worth your while.But you're right,consignment isn't for everyone.What about the spring craft fair?You know,that outdoor market that’s held on Saturdays?Plenty of local people sell their stuff there—ceramics,jewelry,decorative items…The vendor fee is nominal,I believe.FEMALE STUDENT:Oh yeah,I remember seeing that last year…all those tables lined up in that vacant lot on Main Street,right?MALE PROFESSOR:Right!Since the craft fair's only a few blocks from campus,it seems like a good place for students to sell things.FEMALE STUDENT:Do you know how it works?MALE PROFESSOR:I think you'd just rent a space and set up a table to display your bowls on.You’d set the prices and keep all the profits.FEMALE STUDENT:Seems doable—But,hmm I don't have a car to haul everything down there.MALE PROFESSOR:You could take the campus bus—it goes into town on weekends.FEMALE STUDENT:True.But…I'd also hafta sit there all day when I should be in the library or the studio.I dunno…I suppose I could do my reading assignments between customers.题目1.Why does the woman go to talk to the man?A.To find out how the store pays artists for their workB.To purchase some ceramic coffee mugsC.To find out if the store sells objects made by studentsD.To ask about the advantages and disadvantages of consignment sales2.What is the main reason that the woman cannot display her ceramic bowls in the campus store?A.Her bowls are too expensive.B.There is not enough room for her display case.C.The store gets merchandise only from approved suppliers.D.There is little demand on campus for ceramic bowls.3.According to the conversation,what is a reason that the woman wants to sell her bowls?A.To earn enough money to buy a second display caseB.To fulfill a requirement of one of her coursesC.To impress her studio art professorD.To gain experience that could help in her future career4.What is the woman's attitude toward selling items at the Emporium?A.She is eager to display her work to the public thereB.She is encouraged because the Emporium specializes in selling ceramicsC.She is worried because she does not fully understand the consignment process.D.She is worried that she might not make much money.5.What concerns does the woman initially express about selling items at the craft fair? [Click on2answers]A.Whether doing so would interfere with her studiesB.Whether customers would appreciate her artistryC.Whether she could afford the fee charged to sellersD.Whether she would be able to transport her items to the fair答案C C BD AD译文旁白：请听一段学生和大学商店雇员之间的对话。

托福TPO2口语Task5听力文本+题目+满分范文

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO2口语Task5听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO2口语Task5听力文本： Professor: Mary, I am so glad that I ran into you. Woman: Oh, hello, professor Jenson. Professor: Listen, I know it's a short notice and maybe you have already made the plans for spring break, but one of my students just dropped out of the field trip to the Smithson river caves. You are next on the waiting list, so now there is room for you to come along. Woman: You are kidding. I did not think there was a chance and well, it is a three day trip right? I agreed to spend next week helping professor Clark set up the new museum exhibition. I think she is really counting on me. Professor: Yeah, three days. But you know, if you'd rather come on the field trip why not speak with her and see if she has any one to replace you. Woman: Yeah, I'd hate to miss out on the caves. I' ll definitely ask Professor Clark if there is someone else could help her. Professor: You know we don't leave until Wednesday. If you still have to help out, any chance you could get the museum set up done before then. Woman: Oh, yeah, not until Wednesday, so then, yeah, maybe that's possible too. 托福TPO2口语Task5题目： The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then explain what you think the woman should do and why. 托福TPO2口语Task5满分范文： Well, the woman's got a problem that she is now invited by her professor to a field trip but it conflicts with the museum exhibition which she is helping setting up. There are two solutions for the woman to solve the problem. She could ask her professor to find scxne other student to the field trip or she could hurry up to finish setting up the museum exhibition ahead of time so that she could go to the trip after that. I guess the woman should take the second solution for two reasons. First of all, field trips are usually the most helpful activities of our study life, especiallyduring our break. We students could put everything we learned into real practice, to prove and to test results and conclusions from the classes and textbooks, so any student should not miss any field trips. Secondly, she could speed up her setting up the museum exhibition by asking others for some help especially with the trivial work and the details, and therefore I am sure she could finish her work with the museum set-up before the field trip. (186 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO2口语Task5听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

托福TPO52口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文

托福 TPO52 口语 Task4 题目：
Explain the concept of impression management, using the examples provided by the professor.
托福 TPO52 口语 Task4 满分范文：
In the reading, the article talks about impression management, which means the
way we manage or control our impressions that we make on others. In the listening, the professor gives out two examples to illustrate this title. First, when a student is going to give a presentation to the whole class, he may dress up a little bit more formally than usual. In this way, he could make others aware that he takes this presentation very seriously, that he’s come prepared and that he wants to present to them a high-quality presentation. Another example is that once when the professor gave the president of the university a ride to a meeting across town, he had taken the trash out of his back seat and even had his car washed the day before he gave the president a ride. When the president got into his car, he turned the radio to the classical music station which seemed more sophisticated. The reason why he did all these things was that he wanted to make a good impression on the president. Therefore, by giving out these two examples, the professor explains what is meant by impression management.

托福TPO52听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO52听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO52听力Conversation1文本标题：Explication of Pablo Neruda’s Poem Listen to a conversation between a student and his creative writing professor. Professor: John, listen. I can clearly see that you put a lot of time into your response paper. John: I did! It took me forever. I rewrote it a dozen times. Professor: And your hard work shows. Unfortunately, it’s a week late. John: I know. Sorry. I just got a little behind, you know, sports and homework. But I’m on top of things now. Professor: Glad to hear it! Now, as for our meeting today, I’d like to talk to all of my creative writing students one on one at least once during the term and see how they’re doing. John: I think I’m doing OK. Busy, you know, but other than that… Professor: Well, I found through the years that some of my assignments can be pretty tough for first year students like yourself, like the response paper you just did, the explication of a Pablo Neruda poem. Emm…by the way, why did you choose“The Lemon" ? It’s an unusual choice. John: It was my favorite in the book of Neruda’s poems. All the poems are about everyday objects and, you know, simple pleasures. Professor: Right, Elemental Odes, one of my favorites. John: I like how Neruda took things like fruit and vegetables and socks, and use metaphors and similes to describe them as these wonderful mysterious things, like in“The Lemon". He describes a lemon falling to Earth from the stars, and he compares a slice of lemon to a stained glass window. It’s so original! Professor: Beautiful images, aren’t they? Neruda didn’t win the Nobel Prize for literature by accident. John: No, he didn’t. Professor: Now, as you know, the paper was only the first half of the assignment, and I’m concerned about your ability to complete the second part on time, considering how much time the first part took you. John: Actually, I finished it just before I came here. Professor: Excellent! John: It was tricky, too. You know, having to write a poem inspired by “The Lemon", but in a completely different style. Professor: Right! John: In order to do that, I really had to study Neruda’s style and read a lot of his stuff, which was great, but“The Lemon" is free verse. So to do the assignment, I decided to use a strict meter——iambic pentameter, to be as different as possible. Professor: So each line of your poem has ten syllables and every other syllable is stressed. Interesting choice! Iambic pentameter is certainly different from free verse. John: It was hard for me though, because usually when I write a poem, I choose my own topic, and I just write. I don’t worry about counting syllables or anything. So, I’m kind of hoping we won’t have more assignments like this? Professor: Sorry to disappoint you, but these assignments are designed to get you out of your comfort zone, to get you reading and writing a wide variety of poetic styles. 托福TPO52听力Conversation1题目 1. What do the speakers mainly discuss? Methods that the professor uses to challenge her students Reasons that the student turned in his paper a week late The two parts of an assignment for a writing class Seldom discussed aspects of a famous poet's work 2. What reason does the professor give for wanting to meet with the student?。

tpo52口语task2范文

tpo52口语task2范文TPO52 口语Task 2 范文：人们是否应该更多地关注当地的历史和文化？导语：当今社会，随着全球化的发展，人们对国际事务和国际文化越来越感兴趣，而忽略了当地的历史和文化。

本文将探讨人们是否应该更多地关注当地的历史和文化的重要性。

引言：在全球化的时代，人们越来越容易接触到来自世界各地的信息和文化。

然而，我们是否应该更多地关注当地的历史和文化，这是一个值得思考的问题。

正文：关注当地的历史和文化能够增强个人身份认同和自豪感。

一个人的文化和历史背景是其独特性的体现，也是个人身份的一部分。

当我们了解并关注我们所属地区的历史和文化时，我们会对自己的身份和所在社区感到更加自豪。

例如，中国的春节和美国的感恩节等传统节日不仅代表着当地的文化特色，也是人们对自己文化认同的体现。

因此，关注当地的历史和文化可以加强个人的身份认同感。

关注当地的历史和文化有助于传承和保护文化遗产。

每个地区都有其独特的历史和文化遗产，这些遗产是人类智慧和创造力的结晶。

然而，随着时间的推移和社会的变迁，许多文化遗产正面临着消失的危险。

关注当地的历史和文化可以帮助我们了解和保护这些宝贵的遗产，从而确保它们得以传承下去。

例如，通过学习和关注古建筑、传统手工艺品等，可以促使人们对文化遗产的保护和传承更加重视。

关注当地的历史和文化有助于促进地区的经济和旅游业发展。

当地的历史和文化是吸引外来游客的重要因素之一。

例如，许多国家和城市都以其独特的历史和文化景点而闻名，吸引了大量的游客和旅行者。

这些游客的到来不仅促进了当地的经济发展，也为当地居民提供了更多的就业机会。

因此，关注当地的历史和文化可以为地区的经济和旅游业带来积极的影响。

结论：综上所述，关注当地的历史和文化对个人和社会都具有重要意义。

它不仅可以增强个人的身份认同和自豪感，也有助于传承和保护文化遗产，同时促进地区的经济和旅游业发展。

因此，我们应该更多地关注当地的历史和文化，以保护和传承我们宝贵的文化遗产。

托福TPO52口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO52口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO52口语Task6听力文本： Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class. OK, so what are some of the most effective public policies when it comes to fighting environmental problems? There are a lot of different approaches but…this is, in my opinion, too often we underestimate how much can be accomplished just by appealing to people’s sense of moral duty, to their civic duty. In other words, getting people to voluntarily stop polluting because, well just because it’s the right thing to do. These programs that try to get people to voluntarily stop doing things that hurt the environment are called moral suasion. Now, obviously this type of approach won’t be effective for all problems but it will solve some. For some environmental concerns, moral suasion has been very effective. The classic case is, well, Smokey the Bear. Now, don’t laugh. When the forest service first came out with the “Smokey the Bear” campaign, it may have seemed a little childish. You remember the character, the bear dressed like a foreign stranger, saying things like please don’t hurt my animal friends or please don’t start forest fires. Well, it worked. It worked because it made people more sensitive to these problems. This “Smokey the Bear” campaign, this kind of campaign in general raises people’s awareness of the problem and appeals to their sense of moral duty, to do the right thing. Another good example of this is recycling. In the early days of recycling, local community promoted these voluntary efforts. They make people aware of the need to reduce the amount of garbage by recycling. They provided neighborhoods with containers to put their glass and newspapers in instead of throwing them away. Some people started doing it, and others followed. Maybe people thought I have this recycling container, my neighbors doing it, I should do it too. Nowadays, of course, everyone recycles. The point is, in order to get people to really do it, to get high rates of compliance, the program heavily relied on moral suasion. 托福TPO52口语Task6题目： 6 What is a policy of moral suasion? Use the Smokey the Bear and recycling campaigns to explain how it works. Preparation Time: 20 Seconds Response Time: 60 Seconds 托福TPO52口语Task6满分范文： In the lecture, the professor talks about the moral suasion, which means tryingto get people to stop polluting the environment by appealing to their moral duties. He then uses two examples to better illustrate this. The first example is the “Smokey the Bear” campaign. A character dressed up like a foreign stranger always says “please don’t hurt my animal friends” or “please don’t start a forest fire”. Since this bear looks a little bit childish and cute, people then won’t do harm to the environment because it reminds them of environmental issues and that they should do the right thing to protect the environment. The second example is recycling. The community first promoted voluntary efforts and increased people’s awareness to reduce the amount of the garbage which could be recycled. And then they provided people with containers where they could put their glass and newspaper. At first, a part of people started doing this. Little by little, others followed the herd. And now all the people recycle garbage voluntarily. In short, with these two examples, the professor explains what is meant by moral suasion. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO52口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

tpo口语参考答案

tpo口语参考答案TPO口语参考答案TPO（Test of English for International Communication）是一种全球通用的英语能力考试，它旨在评估非英语母语者的英语口语能力。

对于许多学生来说，TPO口语是一个重要的考试环节，因此了解一些参考答案可以帮助他们更好地准备和应对这一部分。

在TPO口语考试中，通常会有多个题目供考生选择，每个题目都有不同的主题和要求。

下面将以几个常见的题目为例，给出一些参考答案供考生参考。

题目一：Describe a place you have visited that has been affected by pollution. 参考答案：I would like to talk about a place I visited last summer, which is my hometown. Unfortunately, over the years, my hometown has been severely affected by pollution, especially air and water pollution. The air is filled with smog, making it difficult to breathe, and the rivers are contaminated with industrial waste, killing off the aquatic life.The main cause of pollution in my hometown is the rapid industrialization and urbanization that has taken place in recent years. Factories have been built without proper environmental regulations, releasing harmful pollutants into the air and water. Additionally, the increase in motor vehicles has contributed to the air pollution, as exhaust fumes fill the streets.The pollution in my hometown has had a significant impact on the health of the residents. Many people suffer from respiratory problems, such as asthma andbronchitis, due to the poor air quality. The contaminated water has also led to an increase in waterborne diseases.To tackle this issue, the government needs to take immediate action. Stricter regulations should be implemented to control industrial pollution, and more efforts should be made to promote renewable energy sources. Furthermore, public transportation should be improved to reduce the number of private vehicles on the road.In conclusion, pollution has had a detrimental effect on my hometown. It is crucial for the government and the community to work together to address this issue and create a cleaner and healthier environment for future generations.题目二：Talk about a memorable event from your childhood.参考答案：One of the most memorable events from my childhood was my first trip to Disneyland. I was about seven years old at the time, and it was a dream come true for me. The moment I stepped into the park, I was overwhelmed with excitement and wonder.I vividly remember the colorful characters walking around, the thrilling rides, and the delicious food. It felt like I had entered a magical world where anything was possible. I spent the entire day exploring the different attractions and going on as many rides as I could.One particular ride that stood out to me was the roller coaster. I was initially scared to go on it, but my older brother convinced me to give it a try. As theroller coaster went up and down, I screamed with a mix of fear and exhilaration. It was an adrenaline rush like no other, and I couldn't stop laughing afterwards. Another highlight of the trip was meeting my favorite Disney princess, Cinderella.I waited in line for what felt like hours just to get a picture with her. When it was finally my turn, I was starstruck. Cinderella was so kind and beautiful, and I felt like I was meeting a real-life princess.Overall, my first trip to Disneyland was an unforgettable experience. It was a day filled with joy, laughter, and magic. Even now, as an adult, I still cherish the memories from that day and hope to visit Disneyland again in the future.通过以上两个例子，我们可以看到在TPO口语考试中，要求考生描述一个地方或者一个事件，并且给出个人观点或者建议。

托福TPO52听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO52听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO52听力Conversation2文本标题：Selling Self-made Ceramic Bowls Listen to part of a conversation between a student and an employee at the campus store. Student: I’d like the ceramic coffee mugs you have on display at the other end of the store. Were they made by students? Employee: Oh, we only use certain suppliers, wholesalers who’ve been selected by the store manager. Student: Do you ever sell things made by students? Employee: We used preferred vendors only because……I mean if we said yes to one student, we’d have to say yes to any student who asks. And this store is only so big. Student: That’s too bad because I make these pretty ceramic bowls. I designed them myself. I’m a studio art major. Anyway… um… I was hoping I could sell them here. You see I’m taking art 202, marketing your art. And for my final project I need to find a way to sell my own art work. Employee: Um… what about selling on line? A lot of art and crafts so marketed that way…… Student: I really don’t have the computer skills or the time to manage a website. Employee: What about the emporium? You know, that gift shop downtown. I’ve seen items by the local artists there. Student: They’re importing buys directly from the artists? Employee: Well, they sell items on consignment. Student: Consignment… I think my professor mentioned that. Employee: Yeah, you give them some items to sell on your behalf and then you and the stores split the purchase price. But they wouldn’t pay you anything up front if that’s what you want. And you might need to provide your own display case. Student: Oh, I already have display case, a portable one with three shelves. But aren’t the shops that were… you know, just buy stuff from me outright? Because if not enough bowls were sold, how would I recruit the cost of my materials? They are not cheap and neither was the case. Employee: All the stores around here that sell craft items are small and independently owned, like the emporium. For them, selling in consignment lowers their risk. They don’t get stuck with unsold items. They can return them to the owner. You just have to make sure you set the retail price high enough to make it worth you want. But you’re right, consignment isn’t for everyone. What about the spring craft fair? You know that outdoor market that‘s held on Saturdays? Plenty of local people sell their stuff there, ceramics, jewelry, decorative items. The demand fee is nominal I believe. Student:Oh, yeah. I remember seeing that last year. All those tables lined up at that weekend on main street, right? Employee:。

tpo52三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案译文背景知识

tpo52三篇托福阅读TOEFL原文译文题目答案译文背景知识阅读-1 (2)原文 (2)译文 (5)题目 (7)答案 (14)背景知识 (18)阅读-2 (23)原文 (23)译文 (26)题目 (28)答案 (37)背景知识 (40)阅读-3 (42)原文 (42)译文 (45)题目 (48)答案 (56)背景知识 (60)阅读-1原文Stream Deposit①A large,swift stream or river can carry all sizes of particles,from clay to boulders.When the current slows down,its competence(how much it can carry)decreases and the stream deposits the largest particles in the streambed.If current velocity continues to decrease-as a flood wanes,for example-finer particles settle out on top of the large ones. Thus,a stream sorts its sediment according to size.A waning flood might deposit a layer of gravel,overlain by sand and finally topped by silt and clay.Streams also sort sediment in the downstream direction. Many mountain streams are choked with boulders and cobbles,but far downstream,their deltas are composed mainly of fine silt and clay. This downstream sorting is curious because stream velocity generally increases in the downstream petence increases with velocity,so a river should be able to transport larger particles than its tributaries carry.One explanation for downstream sorting is that abrasion wears away the boulders and cobbles to sand and silt as the sediment moves downstream over the years.Thus,only the fine sediment reaches the lower parts of most rivers.②A stream deposits its sediment in three environments:Alluvial fans and deltas form where stream gradient(angle of incline)suddenly decreases as a stream enters a flat plain,a lake,or the sea;floodplain deposits accumulate on a floodplain adjacent to the stream channel; and channel deposits form in the stream channel itself.Bars,which are elongated mounds of sediment,are transient features that form in the stream channel and on the banks.They commonly form in one year and erode the next.Rivers used for commercial navigation must be recharged frequently because bars shift from year to year.Imagine a winding stream.The water on the outside of the curve moves faster than the water on the inside.The stream erodes its outside bank because the current's inertia drives it into the outside bank.At the same time,the slower water on the inside point of the bend deposits sediment,forming a point bar.A mid-channel bar is a sandy and gravelly deposit that forms in the middle of a stream channel.③Most streams flow in a single channel.In contrast,a braided stream flows in many shallow,interconnecting channels.A braided stream forms where more sediment is supplied to a stream than it can carry. The stream dumps the excess sediment,forming mid-channel bars.The bars gradually fill a channel,forcing the stream to overflow its banks and erode new channels.As a result,a braided stream flows simultaneously in several channels and shifts back and forth across itsfloodplain.Braided streams are common in both deserts and glacial environments because both produce abundant sediment.A desert yields large amounts of sediment because it has little or no vegetation to prevent erosion.Glaciers grind bedrock into fine sediment,which is carried by streams flowing from the melting ice.If a steep mountain stream flows onto a flat plain,its gradient and velocity decrease sharply.As a result,it deposits most of its sediment in a fan-shaped mound called an alluvial fan.Alluvial fans are common in many arid and semiarid mountainous regions.④A stream also slows abruptly where it enters the still water of a lake or ocean.The sediment settles out to form a nearly flat landform called a delta.Part of the delta lies above water level,and the remainder lies slightly below water level.Deltas are commonly fan-shaped, resembling the Greek letter"delta"(∆).Both deltas and alluvial fans change rapidly.Sediment fills channels(waterways),which are then abandoned while new channels develop as in a braided stream.As a result,a stream feeding a delta or fan splits into many channels called distributaries.A large delta may spread out in this manner until it covers thousands of square kilometers.Most fans,however,are much smaller,covering a fraction of a square kilometer to a few square kilometers.The Mississippi River has flowed through seven different delta channels during the past5,000to6,000years.But in recent years,engineers have built great systems of levees(retaining walls)in attempts to stabilize the channels.译文溪流沉积物①一条大而湍急的小溪或河流可以承载各种大小的颗粒，从微小的粘土到巨石。

托福听力tpo52 两篇对话精析

托福听力tpo52两篇对话精析Conversation1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (5)译文 (5)Conversation2 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (10)译文 (11)Conversation1原文NARRATOR:Listen to a conversation between a student and his creative writing professor.FEMALE PROFESSOR:John,listen,I can clearly see that you put a lot of time into your response paper...MALE STUDENT:I did!It took me forever.I rewrote it a dozen times.FEMALE PROFESSOR:And your hard work shows.Unfortunately…it's a week late.MALE STUDENT:I know,sorry.I just got a little behind—y’know,sports and homework…But I’m on top of things now.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Glad to hear it.Now,as for our meeting today…I like to talk to all of my creative writing students one-on-one at least once during the term and see how they’re doing.MALE STUDENT:I think I'm doing OK.Busy,you know,but other than that…FEMALE PROFESSOR:Well,I've found through the years that some of my assignments can be pretty tough for first year students like yourself.Like the response paper you just did—the explication of a Pablo Neruda poem.Uh,by the way,why did you choose“The Lemon”?It's an…unusual choice.MALE STUDENT:It was my favorite in a book of Neruda’s poems.All the poems are about everyday objects and,y’know,simple pleasures.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Right.Elemental Odes.One of my favorites.MALE STUDENT:I liked how Neruda took things like fruit and vegetables and...socks... and used metaphors and similes to describe them as these wonderful,mysterious things.Like in“The Lemon,”he describes a lemon falling to Earth from the stars! And he compares a slice of lemon to a stained-glass window.It’s so original.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Beautiful images,aren’t they?Neruda didn’t win the Nobel Prize for literature by accident.MALE STUDENT:No,he didn't.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Now,as you know,the paper was only the first half of the assignment…and I'm concerned about your ability to complete the second part on time considering how much time the first part took you.MALE STUDENT:Actually,..I finished it just before I came here.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Excellent!MALE STUDENT:It was tricky,too—you know,having to write a poem inspired by “The Lemon”—but in a completely different style.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Right.MALE STUDENT:In order to do that,I really had to study Neruda's style and read a lot of his stuff—which was great.But...”The Lemon”is free verse.So to do the assignment,I decided to use a strict meter—iambic pentameter—to be as different as possible.FEMALE PROFESSOR:So each line of your poem has ten syllables,and every other syllable is stressed…Interesting choice.Iambic pentameter is certainly different from free verse!MALE STUDENT:It was hard for me,though,because usually when I write a poem,I choose my own topic and—I just write,I don’t worry about counting syllables or anything.So...I'm kinda hoping we won’t have more assignments like this.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Sorry to disappoint you,but these assignments are designed to get you out of your comfort zone…to get you reading and writing a wide variety of poetic styles.题目1.What do the speakers mainly discuss?A.Methods that the professor uses to challenge her studentsB.Reasons that the student turned in his paper a week lateC.The two parts of an assignment for a writing classD.Seldom discussed aspects of a famous poet's work2.What reason does the professor give for wanting to meet with the student?A.She wants to compliment him on the work he has done so far.B.She is concerned that the student is not reading a wide enough variety of poetry.C.She wants to lend him a book of poetry.D.She routinely meets individually with her students.3.What does the student like about Pablo Neruda's poems in the book Elemental Odes?A.That Neruda challenged himself by limiting the theme of all the poems to fruits and vegetablesB.That the poems have been written in many different stylesC.How Neruda focuses on color to make his poems more memorableD.How Neruda describes common objects in unexpected ways4.Why does the student mention the meter called iambic pentameter?A.To point out that his poem is longer than The LemonB.To explain how he approached the composition of his poemC.To explain what he liked most about Neruda's poem The LemonD.To distinguish Neruda's poetry from that of other poets5.What does the professor mean when she says this:Professor:Beautiful images,aren’t they?Neruda didn’t win the Nobel Prize for literature by accident.John:No,he didn’t.”A.Neruda was an extraordinary writer.B.Neruda should not have won a Nobel Prize.C.It is surprising that Neruda’s poems are not more popular.D.It is unfortunate that Neruda did not win a Nobel Prize.答案C D D B A译文旁白：请听一段学生与文学创作课教授之间的对话。

托福阅读tpo52R-2原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识

TPO52阅读-2 Natufian Culture原文 (1)译文 (2)题目 (3)答案 (8)背景知识 (10)原文Natufian Culture①In the archaeological record of the Natufian period, from about 12,500 to 10,200 years ago, in the part of the Middle East known as the Levant - roughly east of the Mediterranean and north of the Arabian Peninsula -we see clear evidence of agricultural origins. The stone tools of the Natufians included many sickle-shaped cutting blades that show a pattern of wear characteristic of cereal harvesting. Also, querns (hand mills) and other stone tools used for processing grain occur in abundance at Natufian sites, and many such tools show signs of long, intensive use. Along with the sickle blades are many grinding stones, primarily mortars and pestles of limestone or basalt. There is also evidence that these heavy grinding stones were transported over long distances, more than 30 kilometers in some cases, and this is not something known to have been done by people of preceding periods. Fishhooks and weights for sinking fishing nets attest to the growing importance of fish in the diet in some areas. Stone vessels indicate an increased need for containers, but there is no evidence of Natufian clay working or pottery. Studies of the teeth of Natufians also strongly suggest that these people specialized in collecting cereals and may have been cultivating them and in the process of domesticating them, but they were also still hunter-foragers who intensively hunted gazelle and deer in more lush areas and wild goats and equids in more arid zones.②The Natufians had a different settlement pattern from that of their predecessors. Some of their base camps were far larger (over 1,000 square meters) than any of those belonging to earlier periods, and they may have lived in some of these camps for half the year or even more. In some of the camps, people made foundations and other architectural elements out of limestone blocks. Trade in shell, obsidian, and other commodities seems to have been on the rise, and anthropologists suspect that the exchange of perishables (such as skins, foodstuffs) and salt was also on the increase. With the growing importance of wild cereals in the diet, salt probably became for the first time a near necessity: people who eat a lot of meat get many essential salts from this diet, but diets based on cereals can be deficient in salts. Salt was probably also important as a food preservative inearly villages.③As always, there is more to a major cultural change than simply a shift in economics. The Natufians made (and presumably wore) beads and pendants in many materials, including gemstones and marine shells that had to be imported, and it is possible that this ornamentation actually reflects a growing sense of ethnic identity and perhaps some differences in personal and group status. Cleverly carved figurines of animals, women, and other subjects occur in many sites, and Natufian period cave paintings have been found in Anatolia, Syria, and Iran. More than 400 Natufian burials have been found, most of them simple graves set in house floors. As archaeologist Belfer-Cohen notes, these burials may reflect an ancestor cult and a growing sense of community emotional ties and attachment to a particular place, and toward the end of the Natufian period, people in this area were making a strict separation between living quarters and burial grounds. In contrast with the Pleistocene cultures of the Levant, Natufian culture appears to have experienced considerable social change.④The question of why the Natufians differed from their predecessors in these and other ways and why they made these first steps toward farming as a way of life remains unclear. There were climate changes, of course, and growing aridity and rising population densities may have forced them to intensify the exploitation of cereals, which in turn might have stimulated the development of sickles and other tools and the permanent communities that make agriculture efficient. But precisely how these factors interacted with others at play is poorly understood.译文纳图夫文化①从大约12500至10200年之前的纳图夫时期的考古记载中，在被称作黎凡特(Levant) 的中东地区（大致在地中海以东，阿拉伯半岛以北），我们看到了确切的农业起源证据。

托福TPO52口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO52口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO52口语Task3阅读文本： Graduation speaker should be a business leader I think the university should invite a business leader to speak at this year's graduation ceremony - perhaps an executive from one of the large corporations in the area. For students, business leaders are excellent role models because they represent the meaning of professional success. They influence people every day, make important decisions, and have achieved impressive salaries. Furthermore, inviting a business executive will help reinforce to the community that our business program is the biggest and best one in the state. Prospective students will read about the speech and will remember that our university has a strong and attractive business program. Sincerely, Ryan Brown 托福TPO52口语Task3听力文本： Now listen to two students discussing the letter. Man: Hey, Kala, did you see Ryan’s letter in the paper? Woman: Yeah. But I have to say I disagree with his proposal. Man: Oh, yeah? Woman: You know, it seems like it’s always business people who speak at graduation, at least every year I’ve been here, it’s always business person speaking. Man: Think we could do some variety? Woman: I think other professions can be considered, influential and successful, like say teachers. Man: Teachers are certainly influential and have an important role in the community. Woman: Yeah. The school should consider having someone from another profession speak since business leaders always do it. Man: Yeah. But what about his point about it being good for the business program? Woman: Well, like Ryan said, that program is already quite big and well-known. It doesn’t really need the extra attention or free advertising that a graduation speaker would bring. Man: En…That’s true. Woman: I think our education program could really benefit from the free publicity. It’s a great teacher training program but it’s not as well-known. It’d be great if local teachers could draw attention to it, which would definitely happen in a speech like that. 托福TPO52口语Task3题目： The woman expresses her opinion of the idea expressed in the newspaper. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion. 托福TPO52口语Task3满分范文： In the reading, a student proposes that the school should invite a business leader to speak at graduation ceremony because business leaders are good role models for students. What’s more, inviting a business leader can remind people that their university has a strong and excellent business program. In the listening, the woman disagrees with his proposal because of two reasons. First, it has always been a business person speaking at the graduation ceremony and the school should better consider someone from other professions to speak, like a teacher. They are very influential and have essential roles in the community as well. Second, the business program in the university is already well-known and it doesn’t need extra attention. What needs free publicity is the school’s education program, which is not as well-known as the business one. Therefore, by giving out these two reasons, the woman disagrees with the proposal in the letter. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO52口语Task3阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

口语参考答案tpo

口语参考答案tpo口语参考答案TPo在备考托福口语考试时，有一项非常重要的准备工作就是熟悉并熟练掌握各种口语题目的参考答案。

这样一来，我们在考试时才能更加自信和流利地回答问题。

本文将为大家提供一些常见口语题目的参考答案，供大家参考和借鉴。

1. Describe a place you enjoy going to.One place I really enjoy going to is the beach. The sound of the waves crashing against the shore and the feeling of the warm sand between my toes is incredibly relaxing. I love lying on a beach towel, basking in the sun and listening to the seagulls flying overhead. The beach is also a great place to engage in water sports like swimming, surfing, or even just playing beach volleyball with friends. Overall, the beach is my go-to destination when I want to unwind and escape from the hustle and bustle of daily life.2. Talk about a memorable trip you have taken.One of the most memorable trips I have taken was a backpacking adventure through Europe. I visited several countries including France, Italy, and Germany. Each city had its own unique charm and attractions. For example, in Paris, I was captivated by the beauty of the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre Museum. In Rome, I explored ancient ruins like the Colosseum and the Roman Forum. And in Berlin, I learned about the city's rich history through visits to the Berlin Wall and the Holocaust Memorial. This trip was not only educational but also allowed me to experience different cultures and make new friends from around the world.3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city.Living in a big city has its advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, big cities offer a wide range of job opportunities and a vibrant cultural scene. There are numerous restaurants, theaters, and museums to explore. Public transportation is also more accessible, making it easier to get around. On the other hand, big cities can be crowded and noisy. The cost of living is often higher, and the pace of life can be more stressful. Additionally, pollution and traffic congestion are common issues in big cities. Ultimately, whether living in a big city is advantageous or not depends on personal preferences and priorities.4. Describe a book that has had a significant impact on you.One book that has had a significant impact on me is "The Alchemist" by Paulo Coelho. This novel tells the story of a young shepherd named Santiago who embarks on a journey to find his personal legend. Throughout the book, Santiago learns valuable life lessons about following one's dreams, overcoming obstacles, and finding true happiness. The book taught me the importance of listening to my heart and pursuing my passions. It inspired me to take risks and step out of my comfort zone in order to achieve my goals. "The Alchemist" is a timeless tale that continues to resonate with readers all over the world.5. Discuss the benefits of learning a second language.Learning a second language has numerous benefits. Firstly, it opens up new opportunities for communication and cultural exchange. It allows us to connect with people from different countries and understand their perspectives.Secondly, it enhances cognitive skills such as problem-solving and multitasking. Learning a new language requires mental effort and improves memory and concentration. Thirdly, it increases job prospects and career opportunities. Many employers value bilingual or multilingual candidates, as they can communicate with a wider range of clients and customers. Finally, learning a second language can be personally fulfilling and boost self-confidence. It broadens our horizons and allows us to appreciate different cultures and traditions.以上是一些常见口语题目的参考答案。

托福TPO52口语Task1题目+满分范文

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO52口语Task1题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO52独立口语Task1题目： Question: Most people believe that learning a second language is important. When do you think is the best time in a person’s life to learn a second language? Why? Use details and examples to support your answer. 1、答题要领： (1) Specifically tell the examiner the best time to learn a second language ina person’s life. (2) Ideally state 2 reasons why you believe is the best time. 2、观点提示： Children should star to learn a foreign language in their primary schools. (1) Human brain ability will decrease when they grow up. (2) They have nothing to worry about in this age, so they can concentrate on learning new things. (3) They have teachers to help them with the second language learning in primary schools. 3、模板： (1) I believe is the best time to learn a second language. (2) There are a couple of reasons to name. (3) First, (4) Second, ... 托福TPO52独立口语Task1满分范文： In my opinion, the best time for a person to learn a second language is at during his or her teenage timeyears. There are several possible reasons for this. For one thing, teenagers spend most of their time at school., Thiswhich makes gives them get a lot of time to study a second language and use logical thinking to help them see patterns in the language in through the guidance of language teachers. Teenagers are at the age when they should be studying and not working, so they can devote a lot of time to really studying the language and be focused on honing their skills. Moreover, teenagers have the passion to explore the world, including the language world, they are much eager to know everything and therefore are able to understand meanings more willingly and easily than children or adults.teenagers will have ample time to practice with their peers. The best way to learn a language is to live the language. When they are in class with their friends, they can speak as much as possible to really practice and become fluent in the language. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO52口语Task1题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

托福TPO52口语Task5听力文本+题目+满分范文

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO52口语Task5听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO52口语Task5听力文本： Listen to a conversation between two students on campus. Woman: Hey Jim, you know what you are doing this summer? Man: Yeah, I get this chemistry internship lined up. I’m gonna be helping my lab professor with a research experiment. Woman: How cool! Man: I know. I want to work at a chemistry lab after I graduate, so this would be a great experience. Woman: Sounds like you are all set. Man: Em…not quite. Here’s a problem. You see, the internship doesn’t pay and I really need to earn money this summer. Woman: Well, I read the campus bookstore’s help this summer. Maybe you could work at the lab during the week and at the bookstore on the weekends. Man: Maybe, but then I’ll be working all the time. I’ll hardly have any time to relax all this summer. Woman: True. But here’s a thought. Why not ask your professor if you can share the internship with another person? Man: You know, now that you mentioned it. Other summer interns have done this and the professor’s fine with it. Woman: Right. So you can still earn money on days when you didn’t have to be at the lab. Man: Yeah, sounds good. The only drawback is that I might not learn as much as I would if I were actually at the lab every day and followed the results of the experiment. Woman: I know but it might be worth a try. 托福TPO52口语Task5题目： The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the man's problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which solution you recommend and why. Preparation Time: 20 Seconds Response Time: 60 Seconds 托福TPO52口语Task5满分范文： In the conversation, the student is facing a problem that he is going to have a free internship this summer at the school’s chemistry lab but he also wants to make some money. There are two solutions. He could choose either to work at the lab during the weekdays and take a part-time job at the bookstore on the weekends or to ask his professor if he could share his internship with another person. As far as I’m concerned, the latter is a better solution. If he chooses to share his internship with another person, he might be able to earn the money and gain the lab experience at the same time. What’s more, other students might have already dealt with this circumstance before and it is likely that the professor is ok with this solution. So the student doesn’t need to be afraid that he might leave a very bad impression or something. All in all, because of these two reasons, I think the second one is a better choice. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO52口语Task5听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

托福TPO52听力文本+音频下载+答案

托福TPO52听力文本+音频下载+答案预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制得听力者得天下，托福听力对于考生来说至关重要!如何攻克托福听力，除了要多听，托福TPO听力也是托儿必刷的真题.今天，小编给大家带来了托福TPO52听力文本+音频下载+答案。

TPO52 玛雅文明Maya CivilizationListen to part of a lecture in an archeology class. The professor has beendiscussing ancient Mayan civilization.Professor: Now, as you remember from your reading, the Maya were an ancientcivilization which occupied in area corresponding to parts of modern-day Mexicoand Central America. Early Mayan settlements date back over 3,000 years and sayfrom about 600 to 900 C.E. The civilization was in what’s considered a goldenage of cultural achievement, what we call the Classic period.The period after this, after the Classic Period, is called the Postclassicperiod. Now it’s long been thought that during the PostClassic period, Mayancivilization was in decline. But we’re continuing to find new evidence that incertain areas Mayan civilization flourished right up to the end of thePostclassic period, what we refer to as the late Postclassic period. The latePostclassic corresponds to the period from the 1200s to 1500s, right until thearrival of the Spanish in the mid-1500s. A good example of a site whichcontinued to flourishthrough the late Postclassic is the inland Mayan communityof Lamanai, located in what is today the country of Belize in Central America.Now, Lamanai is one of the largest and most prominent archeological sites inBelize. It was occupied for over 3000 years. That makes it the longestcontinually-occupied site by the ancient Maya. Large-scale excavation at Lamanaibegan back in 1974 under the leadership of a Canadian archeologist. The firstexcavation there was on a building that dated back to the late Postclassic period. When the excavation began, we didn’t know much about Mayan life during that time. As I said, most people considered the Postclassic period as a time of decline that came after the so-called golden era. But during the first few years of excavation, the archeological team realized that Lamanai had continued to be an important center of classic Mayan culture, almost right up until the1500s.Student: So basically, what you are saying is while other Mayan cities were collapsing or had already collapsed, Lamanaiwas one of those places that was flourishing?Professor: Uh huh…exactly! In fact, the evidence shows that one of the greatest periods of construction in the city occurred during the Postclassic. That’s definitely not what was happening at neighboring sites during that time. And consider this, archeologists found ceramic artifacts from Lamanai’s late Postclassic period at a recently-discovered site on an island off the coast of Belize. And in Lamanai they found objects that had been imported from parts of the region which correspond to modern-day Mexico during the late Postclassic. What did those finds tell us?Female student: eh…the trade was still going on? So you probably still find the same Mayan social structure and economic practices, right?Professor: Yes. Now, these researchers and subsequent research teams havebeen helping us see a bigger picture. We now know that there was still a widespread trading network up and down a long portion of the coast of what is modern-day Mexico and Central America for more than two centuries after the。

TPO-52 口语题

TPO-52TASK 1 Independent Speaking, Personal PreferenceMost people believe that learning a second language is important. When do you think is the best time in a person’s life to learn a second language? Why? Use details and examples to support your answer.TASK 2 Independent Speaking, Paired ChoiceGiven the choice, many people would prefer to live in an older or more historic building or house. Others would prefer to live in a more modern building or house. Which would you prefer and why?TASK 3 Integrated Reading/Listening/SpeakingA Coffee Shop in the Fine Arts Building LobbyI really think the university should consider adding a small coffee shop to the lobby of the fine arts building. It would be helpful, since there's currently nowhere nearby for students to buy coffee or snacks between classes. Also, students rarely stop to look at the student artwork on display in the lobby. Fine arts students work hard on this art, and if there were a coffee shop there, people would be more likely to hang out and see what their fellow students are making. Sincerely,Chris SamuelsQuestion: The woman expresses her opinion about the proposal described in the letter. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state her opinion about the proposal and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.TASK 4 Integrated Reading/Listening/SpeakingSubject-Expectancy EffectResearchers often conduct studies on drugs or health products to determine their effectiveness on people who try them out. However, a phenomenon known as the subject-expectancy effect can make it difficult to know how well the product actually works. The subject-expectancy effect refers to the tendency for the subjects of the study to let their expectations affect the outcome. If they expect that the product will work, it may succeed simply as a result of their expectation and not because the product itself is effective. In other words, the subject's belief in the product brings about a change, even if the product itself does not cause the change. Question:Explain how the example from the professor's lecture illustrates thesubject-expectancy effect.TASK 5 Integrated Listening/SpeakingBriefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which of the two solutions from the conversation you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.TASK 6 Integrated Listening/SpeakingUsing the examples of the grape vine and the cactus, explain how plants use insects for protection.。