滑倒绊倒跌倒风险预防
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Preventing Slips, Trips, Falls (STF)
Do's
? Actively participate by contributing
– Ask questions – Share experiences – Request explanations
? Be supportive of your co-workers ? Apply what you learn to your job ? Pass on the information
– “O-iRl esistant”, “N-oMnarking”, “Ski-dResistant” are not the same!
? Tread material
– Softer rubber outsole conforms to floor surface
? Tread design
– Large contact area (no large gaps between contact surfaces)
? Designed and placed so as not to create additional fall hazard
? Rule of Thumb: should not be able to see footprints after stepping off mat (wet)
Entrance Mat Strategy
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Slipmeters or Tribometers
Brungraber Mark II (PIAST)
English XL (VIT)
Horizontal Pull Slip Meter (HPS)
ASTM F609
falls. ? Implement appropriate corrective action.
2011 Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index
Percentage of Real Growth
Causes of Slips, Trips and Falls
? Floor cleaning protocols must be tailored to the environment and floor material
? Educate employees on the importance of “clean as you go”.
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
– Limitations of COF data offered by manufacturers
– Durability an issue
? Coatings (acrylic, urethane)
– Grit issues similar to epoxy discussion
– Self adhesive mats (plastic, fiberglass bathtubs)
Tribology
? The study of the interaction of sliding surfaces
? It includes three subjects:
– Friction – Lubrication – Wear
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
? Handrails: Both sides of stairs, full length of stair
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Additional Considerationsபைடு நூலகம்
? Restrooms
– Soap dispensers by sink
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Tripping Hazards
? Changes less than ? inch (6mm) in height may be without edge treatment
? Surfaces colored safety yellow (ISO 3864, ANSI Z535.1) most visually detectable“ (US Access Board Research)
? Contrast on curbs, step risers, stair nosing and landings
– Paper towel dispensers by sink; not behind
? Cafeteria
– Same as above – Housekeeping; spill
control – Floor cleaning protocol
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
? Faulty housekeeping
– Objects, water, or grease on stairs or landings
Stairways / Handrails: Falls and Causes
? Stairways: Missteps/loss of balance
–Over step, under step, air step
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Summary
? Same level falls continue to be a serious problem both in the workplace and public places.
? Tribology ? Age and vision
– Transitions, “visually detectable”
? Biomechanics
– Ambulation and gait
? Psychology
– Perceptions of slipperiness
? Others
Gary Larson's The Farside?
American Slip Meter, Inc
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Warning Signs and Instructions
? Wet floor signs are needed – but need to be removed when hazard no longer exists
Treatments
? Chemical etching
– Ceramic tile, quarry tile, natural stone, porcelain (including bathtubs), concrete
– Ammonium Bifluoride (AB)
? Waxes, polishes
– Empower everyone in your influence to place these signs up whenever needed.
? Umbrella bags are helpful and offer additional instructions to tenants and visitors
? Changes ? inch to ? inch (6mm-12mm) beveled with slop no greater than 1:2 (rise:run)
? Greater than ? inch (6mm) ramp or stairway
ASTM 1637 Standard Practice for Safe Walking Surfaces
Slip-Resistant Footwear
? No universal standard on what is slip-resistant
– Look for “Slip Resistant” on the shoe itself or on the box/descriptive literature
Measuring Housekeeping
? Hold first line supervisors accountable for cleanliness in their departments
? Floor hazards must be periodically sampled, recorded and information fed back to managers. (Unannounced inspections)
US Access Board Technical Bulletin: Ground and Floor Surfaces
Color and Visual Contrast
? ADAAG specifies that detectable warnings shall contrast visually with adjoining surfaces, either light-on-dark, or dark-on-light”
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Housekeeping: Floor Cleaning
Housekeeping Controls
? Education (signs) ? Enough trash containers ? Accountability for falls hazard prevention
Objectives
? Explain the significance of slips, trips and falls. ? Identify causes and contributing factors that lead to
slip, trip and fall accidents. ? Apply a process for the prevention of slips, trips and
? Edge transitions
Parking Lots and Sidewalks
Sidewalk Ramp
Pedestrian Access
Elevations
Slips and Falls on Stairs
? Defects
– Inadequate lighting – Inadequate stairway visibility – Inadequate or no handrail – Handrail at improper height – Improper tread or riser dimensions – Tread visibility or surface material
– Lots of crisscrossing grooves.
? Overshoes are available
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Entrance Mat Criteria
? Sufficient running length and width (unpublished manufacturer's study)
– Snow: 10 - 12 walking steps or 25 to 30 feet – Rain: 8 - 10 walking steps or 20 to 25 feet – Dry: 6 - 8 walking steps or 15 to 20 feet
? 80% of soil entering a building can be trapped within the first 15' on a carpeted surface
Do's
? Actively participate by contributing
– Ask questions – Share experiences – Request explanations
? Be supportive of your co-workers ? Apply what you learn to your job ? Pass on the information
– “O-iRl esistant”, “N-oMnarking”, “Ski-dResistant” are not the same!
? Tread material
– Softer rubber outsole conforms to floor surface
? Tread design
– Large contact area (no large gaps between contact surfaces)
? Designed and placed so as not to create additional fall hazard
? Rule of Thumb: should not be able to see footprints after stepping off mat (wet)
Entrance Mat Strategy
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Slipmeters or Tribometers
Brungraber Mark II (PIAST)
English XL (VIT)
Horizontal Pull Slip Meter (HPS)
ASTM F609
falls. ? Implement appropriate corrective action.
2011 Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index
Percentage of Real Growth
Causes of Slips, Trips and Falls
? Floor cleaning protocols must be tailored to the environment and floor material
? Educate employees on the importance of “clean as you go”.
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
– Limitations of COF data offered by manufacturers
– Durability an issue
? Coatings (acrylic, urethane)
– Grit issues similar to epoxy discussion
– Self adhesive mats (plastic, fiberglass bathtubs)
Tribology
? The study of the interaction of sliding surfaces
? It includes three subjects:
– Friction – Lubrication – Wear
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
? Handrails: Both sides of stairs, full length of stair
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Additional Considerationsபைடு நூலகம்
? Restrooms
– Soap dispensers by sink
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Tripping Hazards
? Changes less than ? inch (6mm) in height may be without edge treatment
? Surfaces colored safety yellow (ISO 3864, ANSI Z535.1) most visually detectable“ (US Access Board Research)
? Contrast on curbs, step risers, stair nosing and landings
– Paper towel dispensers by sink; not behind
? Cafeteria
– Same as above – Housekeeping; spill
control – Floor cleaning protocol
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
? Faulty housekeeping
– Objects, water, or grease on stairs or landings
Stairways / Handrails: Falls and Causes
? Stairways: Missteps/loss of balance
–Over step, under step, air step
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Summary
? Same level falls continue to be a serious problem both in the workplace and public places.
? Tribology ? Age and vision
– Transitions, “visually detectable”
? Biomechanics
– Ambulation and gait
? Psychology
– Perceptions of slipperiness
? Others
Gary Larson's The Farside?
American Slip Meter, Inc
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Warning Signs and Instructions
? Wet floor signs are needed – but need to be removed when hazard no longer exists
Treatments
? Chemical etching
– Ceramic tile, quarry tile, natural stone, porcelain (including bathtubs), concrete
– Ammonium Bifluoride (AB)
? Waxes, polishes
– Empower everyone in your influence to place these signs up whenever needed.
? Umbrella bags are helpful and offer additional instructions to tenants and visitors
? Changes ? inch to ? inch (6mm-12mm) beveled with slop no greater than 1:2 (rise:run)
? Greater than ? inch (6mm) ramp or stairway
ASTM 1637 Standard Practice for Safe Walking Surfaces
Slip-Resistant Footwear
? No universal standard on what is slip-resistant
– Look for “Slip Resistant” on the shoe itself or on the box/descriptive literature
Measuring Housekeeping
? Hold first line supervisors accountable for cleanliness in their departments
? Floor hazards must be periodically sampled, recorded and information fed back to managers. (Unannounced inspections)
US Access Board Technical Bulletin: Ground and Floor Surfaces
Color and Visual Contrast
? ADAAG specifies that detectable warnings shall contrast visually with adjoining surfaces, either light-on-dark, or dark-on-light”
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Housekeeping: Floor Cleaning
Housekeeping Controls
? Education (signs) ? Enough trash containers ? Accountability for falls hazard prevention
Objectives
? Explain the significance of slips, trips and falls. ? Identify causes and contributing factors that lead to
slip, trip and fall accidents. ? Apply a process for the prevention of slips, trips and
? Edge transitions
Parking Lots and Sidewalks
Sidewalk Ramp
Pedestrian Access
Elevations
Slips and Falls on Stairs
? Defects
– Inadequate lighting – Inadequate stairway visibility – Inadequate or no handrail – Handrail at improper height – Improper tread or riser dimensions – Tread visibility or surface material
– Lots of crisscrossing grooves.
? Overshoes are available
Slip, Trip and Fall Prevention Continuum
Entrance Mat Criteria
? Sufficient running length and width (unpublished manufacturer's study)
– Snow: 10 - 12 walking steps or 25 to 30 feet – Rain: 8 - 10 walking steps or 20 to 25 feet – Dry: 6 - 8 walking steps or 15 to 20 feet
? 80% of soil entering a building can be trapped within the first 15' on a carpeted surface