Lecture 8翻译技巧(词义的延伸)

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英语中,特别在现代英语中,常常用一个表示具体形象 的词来表示一种属性、一个事物或一种概念。翻译这类 词时,一般可将其词义作抽象化的引伸,译文才能流畅、 自然。 将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词 There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 帝国主义者的性格既残暴,又狡猾。 这里把tiger(老虎)和ape(猿)这两个具体形象引伸 为这两个形象所代表的属性:“残暴”和“狡猾”。 Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜和苦。 这里把roses(玫瑰)和thorns(刺)这两个具体形象 引伸为这两个形象所代表的属性:“甜”和“苦”。

I have butterflies in my stomach. 我很紧张。 (8)In the modern world salt has many uses beyond the dining table. 在现代世界上,盐除了供食用外,还有许多其他 用途。(dining table原文为"饭桌")
水译:有些书可供一尝,有些书可以吞下,有不多的几 部书则应当咀嚼消化;这就是说,有些书只要读读他们 的一部分就够了,有些书可以全读,但是不必过于细心 地读;还有不多的几部书则应当全读,勤读,而且用心 地读。 王译:书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。 换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数 则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。


词义的具体化引伸 将词义作具体化的引申,就是把原文中的某些 比较抽象和笼统的词在译文中引申为意义比较 具体和明确的词。 英语中也有用代表抽象概念或属性的词来表示 一种具体事物,译成汉语时一般可作具体化引 伸。



(3) What is known is that weight extremes in either direction are definitely unhealthy. 众所周知,过度肥胖或消瘦肯定是不健康的。 (字面意义为"体重的两个极端") (4)Her jealousy is the cause of her failure. 嫉妒心理是她失败的根源。
(3)If he is unhappy with her…why doesn’t he leave her? She can be happy without him. It is so silly--this cat- and –dog existence.(Theodore Dreiser: The Titan) 假使他和她在一起是那么的不幸福,他为什么不离开 她呢?这是多么无聊啊, 这种经常争吵的生活。 (4)The author’s fingerprint is quite obvious in all his works. 作者的写作特点在其所有作品中都体现得十分明显。 (5)The book is believed to be his swan song. 人们认为这本书是它的最后一部作品。(在西方的传说 中,天鹅临死时会发出美妙的歌声,句中“swan song”表示作家“最后的作品”) (6)I’m not the person to let my heart rule my head. 我不是那种让感s Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. … Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. … Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.

2. 其他情况具体化。在实际翻译过程中,还会碰 到其他一些字面意义比较空泛或模糊的词句,如 果直译就不能把原文本意交代清楚,有时还会造 成歧义。这时就必须采用具体化的办法进行翻译。 例如: (1) No reproduction is granted by implication or otherwise of this information. 本资料不得私下或公开翻印。 (or otherwise具体译为"公开",以与by implication相对应) (2)The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. 我前头的那辆车停住了,我错过了绿灯。
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.( studies form character) 水译:史鉴使人明智;诗歌使人巧慧;数学使人 精细;博物使人深沉;伦理之学使人庄重;逻辑 与修辞使人善辩。“学问变化气质”。 王译:读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人 周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修 辞之学使人善辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。 王佐良的译文信达雅兼备,水天同的译文流畅可 读



词义抽象化的引伸 将词义作抽象化的引申,就是把原文的某些比 较具体和形象的词在译文中引申为意义比较抽 象和一般的词。 英语中常出现一些字面意义比较明确、具体、 实在或形象的词句,但从上下文所表述的精神 实质来看,作者的真正意图有时并不强调这些 词句所表示的具体事物或概念,而是着意于一 些概括性的、泛指的或一般性的事理。 譬如用deadlock (打不开的锁)来指"僵局", 用circulation desk (流通桌子)来只指"借阅 处 "。


Lecture 8
Translation Skills



I. Transaltion Skills :extension of word meanings (词语意义的延伸) 在英译汉的过程中,常常会碰到有些词在词 典里找不到适当的意思,如果生搬硬套或硬 按词典给出的意思翻译的话,译文就会显得 晦涩生硬,给人莫名其妙的感觉,甚至会造 成误解,在这种情况下就应采用引申词义的 方法。 词义引申就是根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该 词或词组的根本含义出发加以引申,选择恰 当的汉语词语来表达。 词义引申常用的两种方法:词义的抽象化引 申以及词义的具体化引申。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.

Exercises: 1. abstract translation (1)lick one’s boots (2)eat like a bird (3)turn thumbs down on sth (4)He’s a rolling stone, I don’t think he can go far. (5)The matter was finally settled under the table. (6) She sailed into the room. 2. concrete translation (1)All the class are moved by the story. (2) His translations are very popular. (3)John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long. (4)There had been too much violence in that region

Keys for Reference: 1. abstract translation lick one’s boots 巴结 eat like a bird 吃得很少 turn thumbs down on sth 反对 He’s a rolling stone, I don’t think he can go far. 他是个见异思迁的人,我想他不会有多大出息。 The matter was finally settled under the table. 事情终于私下里解决了。 She sailed into the room. 她仪态万方地走进房间。

On Studies 王佐良译《论读书》 水天同《论学问》 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. 水译:读书为学的用途是娱乐、装饰和增长才识。 王译:读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。 Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. 水译:在娱乐上学问的主要的用处是幽居养静;在装饰 上学问的用处是辞令;在长才上学问的用处是对于事务 的判断和处理。 王译:其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最 见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。



2. concrete translation (1)All the class are moved by the story. 全班学生 (2)His translations are very popular. 翻译作品 (3)John’s lightheartedness, however, did not last long. 然而,约翰那种轻松愉快的心境没有持续多久。 (4)There had been too much violence in that region . 那个地区发生了许多暴力事件。
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