浙江省金华市高中英语《Unit 1》知识点巩固
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浙江省金华市孝顺高级中学高一英语必修三《Unit 1》知识点巩固
情态动词除ought和have外,后面只能接不带to的不定式。
情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词等形式。
(1)表示能力,如:He can speak English better than you.
(2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:Can this green bike be Liu Dong's?
(3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用,如:You can (may) go home now.
(4)如果要表示语气婉转,可用could代替can,这时could不再是can的过去式,如:
Could you come again tomorrow?
(5)can和be able to都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式,而be able
to则有更多的形式,如:He will be able to do the work better.
(1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意,如:
You may use my dictionary.
在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或 may not,以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如:
---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或 ---- Certa inly.
在请求对方许可时,如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些,如:May I have a look at your new computer?
但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时,要用must not代替may not,如:---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous.
(2)may或 might都可以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定,如:They may (might) be in the lib rary now .
(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式 must not,缩写形式为 mustn't,表示“不应该”,“不准”、“不
许可”或“禁止”之意,如:
We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire.
(2)对以must提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have
to (不必)来回答,而
不用mustn't,因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意,如:
---- Must we finish the work tomorrow?
---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days.
(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测,表示“一定”或“必定”之意,如:
---- Whose new bike can it be?
---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him a new one.
(1)can, could后接完成式的用法:
①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度,
Could he
have said so?
②在肯定句中,可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责
备”的语气。如:
---- When did you answer her letter?
---- Only yesterday.
---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure.
(2)may, might后接完成式的用法
①表示对过去某事的推测,认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might,
语气就比较婉转或
更加不肯定,如:
Mary might have learned some Chinese before.
②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实际没有做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语
气,如:
You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it
better.
(3)must后接完成式的用法:表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到了,如:
Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.
ha ve to和must的意义相近,只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而have to 则表示
客观需要,如:
I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.
(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,语气比should强,例如:
Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.
(2)表示推测,注意与must表示推测时的区别:
He must be home by now .(断定他已到家) He ought to be home by
now .(不十分肯定),