长难句翻译
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长难句翻译
Translation of Long Sentences
▪英语长句句子的特点 ▪英语长句的英汉句子结 构差异对比 ▪分析长难句 ▪翻译方法
英语长句句子的特点 （Feature of Long Sentences)
▪ 1、结构错综复杂
英语长句句子结构复杂，盘根错 节，脉络难找。简单句，并列句，复 杂句纵横交错，从句套从句，短语套 短语，真是词中有词，词中有句，句 中有词，句中有句。
解析：这是一个多达126个单词的主从复合句。主句是 Marx discovered the law of development of human history。主句前有一个由just as 引导的方式状语从句， 主句后有一个名词短语the simple fact 作the law of development of human history的同位语。The simple fact 后跟有一个过去分词短语hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology做原因状语。名词短语the simple fact 同时连接两个分别由that 引导的并列同位语从句（1） that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing和（2）that ...form the foundation。在第一个同 位语从句中有一个由before引导的时间状语从句 before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion,etc.；在第二个 同位语从句中有两个由upon which 和in the light of which 引导的定语从句修饰the foundation。在第二个定语从句 之后又跟有一个介词短语instead of vice versa作状语， 这个状语之后又有一个由as引导的定语从句。翻译时， 总体上还是用顺译法，后部分根据汉语习惯和表达需要， 打破原文的框架结构，用变序译法，重新组合语言方可得 理想译文。
例：Though our knowledge be limited to our ideas, and cannot exceed them either in extent or perfection; and though these be very narrow bounds in respect of the extent of all Beings, and far short of what we may justly imagine to be in some even created understandings not tied down to the dull and narrow information that is to be received from some few and not very acute ways of perception, such as are our senses； yet it would be well with us if our knowledge were but as large as our ideas, and there were not many doubts and inquiries concerning the ideas we have, whereof we are not, nor I believe ever shall be in this world, resolved.
译文:正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样，马 克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来 被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着一个简单 事实：人们首先必须吃，喝，住，穿，然 后才能从事政治，科学，艺术，宗教等活 动;所以，直接的物质生活资料生产和一个 民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展过程， 便构成为基础，人们的国家制度，法律的 概念，艺术以至宗教概念，就是从这个基 础上发展起来的，因而，也必须有这个基 础来解释，而不像过去那样做得正好相反。
例：Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion,etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state instituutions, the conceptions, art, and even the idห้องสมุดไป่ตู้as on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.
Translation of Long Sentences
▪英语长句句子的特点 ▪英语长句的英汉句子结 构差异对比 ▪分析长难句 ▪翻译方法
英语长句句子的特点 （Feature of Long Sentences)
▪ 1、结构错综复杂
英语长句句子结构复杂，盘根错 节，脉络难找。简单句，并列句，复 杂句纵横交错，从句套从句，短语套 短语，真是词中有词，词中有句，句 中有词，句中有句。
解析：这是一个多达126个单词的主从复合句。主句是 Marx discovered the law of development of human history。主句前有一个由just as 引导的方式状语从句， 主句后有一个名词短语the simple fact 作the law of development of human history的同位语。The simple fact 后跟有一个过去分词短语hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology做原因状语。名词短语the simple fact 同时连接两个分别由that 引导的并列同位语从句（1） that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing和（2）that ...form the foundation。在第一个同 位语从句中有一个由before引导的时间状语从句 before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion,etc.；在第二个 同位语从句中有两个由upon which 和in the light of which 引导的定语从句修饰the foundation。在第二个定语从句 之后又跟有一个介词短语instead of vice versa作状语， 这个状语之后又有一个由as引导的定语从句。翻译时， 总体上还是用顺译法，后部分根据汉语习惯和表达需要， 打破原文的框架结构，用变序译法，重新组合语言方可得 理想译文。
例：Though our knowledge be limited to our ideas, and cannot exceed them either in extent or perfection; and though these be very narrow bounds in respect of the extent of all Beings, and far short of what we may justly imagine to be in some even created understandings not tied down to the dull and narrow information that is to be received from some few and not very acute ways of perception, such as are our senses； yet it would be well with us if our knowledge were but as large as our ideas, and there were not many doubts and inquiries concerning the ideas we have, whereof we are not, nor I believe ever shall be in this world, resolved.
译文:正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样，马 克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来 被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着一个简单 事实：人们首先必须吃，喝，住，穿，然 后才能从事政治，科学，艺术，宗教等活 动;所以，直接的物质生活资料生产和一个 民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展过程， 便构成为基础，人们的国家制度，法律的 概念，艺术以至宗教概念，就是从这个基 础上发展起来的，因而，也必须有这个基 础来解释，而不像过去那样做得正好相反。
例：Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion,etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state instituutions, the conceptions, art, and even the idห้องสมุดไป่ตู้as on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.