8、 浪漫主义诗歌 外国文学史

George Gordon Byron
• George Gordon Byron, later Noel, 6th Baron Byron FRS was a British poet and a leading figure in Romanticism. • He is regarded as one of the greatest European poets and remains widely read and influential, both in the English-speaking world and beyond. Byron‘s fame rests not only on his writings but also on his life. Byron served as a regional leader of Italy's revolutionary organization the Carbonari. He later travelled to fight against the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence, for which Greeks revere him as a national hero.
珀西· 比希· 雪莱
• Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 – July 8, 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language.
威廉· 华兹华斯
• William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads.
乔治· 戈登· 拜伦
• 乔治· 戈登· 拜伦，第六代拜伦男 爵（George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron，1788年1月 22日英国伦敦－1824年4月19 日希腊），英国诗人、作家， 引领风骚的浪漫主义文学泰斗。 世袭男爵，人称“拜伦勋爵” （Lord Byron）。 • 他热爱自由，除了支持英国的 民主改革外，十分同情希腊的 独立运动，1823年他号召一支 义勇军，前往希腊支援作战， 不幸于1824年因疟疾死于希腊。 其代表作有《恰尔德· 哈罗尔德 游记》，《唐· 璜》Don Juan等。
浪漫主义与音乐
浪漫主义三大音乐家莫札特、海顿、贝多芬
贝多芬和肖邦
浪漫主义绘画
威廉· 特纳所绘的《勇莽号战舰》
欧仁· 德拉克罗瓦《自由领导人民》
背景
• 一，法国大革命以及自 由主义（Liberalism）。 • 二，德国古典哲学。 • 三，英法空想社会主义 （utopian socialism）。 浪漫主义者的乌托邦 （Utopia）意识。 • 四，文学渊源：《荷马 史诗》，骑士文学，英 国感伤主义。
Ro a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution. It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature. • The movement stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. It elevated folk art and custom to something noble, and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom and usage.
• 威廉· 华兹华斯（William Wordsworth，1770年4月7日 －1850年4月23日），英国浪 漫主义诗人，与雪莱、拜伦齐 名，代表作有与柯尔律治合著 的《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）、长诗《序曲》 （Prelude）等。曾当上桂冠 诗人，湖畔诗人之一，文艺复 兴以来最重要的英语诗人之一。
浪漫主义文学
浪漫主义Romanticism
• 浪漫主义（Romanticism）是开始于18世纪西欧的 艺术、文学、和文化运动，大约发生在1790年工业 革命开始的前后。它注重以强烈的情感作为美学经 验的来源，并且开始强调如不安、惊恐等情绪，以 及人在遭遇到大自然的壮丽时表现出的敬畏。浪漫 主义是对于启蒙时代以来的贵族和专制政治文化的 颠覆，以艺术和文学反抗对于自然的人为理性化。 浪漫主义重视民间艺术、自然、以及传统，主张一 个根基于自然的知识论，以自然的环境来解释人类 的活动，包括了语言、传统、习俗。浪漫主义受到 了启蒙运动的理念影响，也吸收了中世纪文化复古 的艺术成分。“浪漫”一词来自于“romance”—代 表了源于中世纪文学和浪漫文学里颂扬英雄的诗赋 风格。
Lake Poets 湖畔派诗人
• The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century. As a group, they followed no single "school" of thought or literary practice then known, although their works were uniformly disparaged by the Edinburgh Review. They are considered part of the Romantic Movement. • The three main figures of what has become known as the Lake School were William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey.
Friedrich所绘的《雾海上的流浪者》
William Blake
• William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognized during his lifetime, Blake's work is now considered seminal in the history of both poetry and the visual arts.
On A Faded Violet 一朵枯萎的紫罗兰
• The odor from the flower is gone, 这朵花的香气已经散失， • Which like thy kisses breathed on me; 如你的吻对我吐露过的 气息； • The color from the flower is flown, 这朵花的颜色已经退去， • Which glowed of thee, and only thee! 如你曾焕发过的明亮， 只有你！ • A shriveled, lifeless, vacant form, 一个萎缩、死的、空虚的形 体， • It lies on my abandoned breast, 它在我荒废的胸口， • And mocks the heart, which yet is warm, 以它冷漠和无声的安 息 • With cold and silent rest. 嘲弄我那仍炽热的心。 • I weep ---- my tears revive it not; 我哭泣，泪水无法复活它； • I sigh ---- it breathes no more on me; 我叹息，它的气息永远不 再； • Its mute and uncomplaining lot 它沉默、无怨的命运， • Is such as mine should be. 正是我所应得的。
• • • •
伊人在世无人知， 伊人离世无人提。 而今已是人天隔， 独有诗客情自迷!