2020春长沙市一中高二寒假自主学习：Unit 2 Period One【优选】

Is your lifestyle healthy? There may be many little and common habits that can endanger your daily life.See the following five unhealthy common life habits.How many ones do you have?
Everyday health hazard 1： 1
Whether you’re complimenting your best friend’s unflattering(有损形象的，不敢恭维的) hairdo or “improving” on the cost of your new designer shoes，we all tell the odd fib from time to time.However，according to research，those little white lies could be more harmful than you think.
Lying can generate feelings of stress which are damaging your health，and a study by researchers at the University of Notre Dame found that when people reduced the amount of lies，they suffered from less headaches，sore throats and anxiety.
Everyday health hazard 2： 2
If you’re having a busy day in work，it can be tempting to skip your lunch break and eat at your desk.However，missing out on breaks is not only bad for your stress levels，eating while distracted may also mean you are more likely to overeat.Furthermore，spending your lunch hour at your desk can lengthen the time you are physically inactive and also expose you to harmful bacteria.
According to a study by the University of Arizona，your work station contains nearly 400 times more germs than the average toilet seat，making it a less than ideal place for dining.
Everyday health hazard 3： 3
Need an excuse to put your feet up? Well, good news: research suggests that leaving the housework for another day could give your health a boost! Research results published in the Journal of Family Psychology revealed that doing housework when you get home from work prevents levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) from lowering and reduces recovery from stress.
However，stress levels for both men and women were lowered by housework being completed—just so long as they weren’t the ones doing it.Look after your health by taking turns to do the housework with other members of your household if possible，and take time out to relax afterwards.
Everyday health hazard 4： 4
Withdrawing money from ATM machines is a common habit for most of us.However，cleanliness tests in Britain have revealed that cash machines are just as dirty as public toilets，and many of us are failing to wash our hands after using them.Experts assessed swabs(药棉棒) from the key pads on cash machines and also from nearby public toilets and found that they both contained the same types of bacteria known to cause sickness.To look after your health，use an antibacterial hand gel once you have made your withdrawal and after handling money.
Everyday health hazard 5： 5
Find yourself frequently cancelling plans and bailing out on social events to have a bit of time to yourself? Then it may be time to pay some attention to your social life.While a bit of “me time” is essential to good mental and physical health，too much time on your own can actually be bad for you.
Research suggests that having strong social bonds promotes brain health，reduces feelings of depression and stress and encourages you to look after your health.In fact，a study found that having few friends affects your longevity as much as smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
根据短文内容，选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项。

A．Eating at your desk
B．Using cash machines
C．Cancelling plans
D．Lying
E．Housework
答案 1.D 2.A 3.E 4.B 5.C
Period One Welcome to the unit & Reading—Pre-reading
匹配左边的单词和右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1．chemist A．外科医师
2．needle B．药剂师，药商；化学家
3．surgeon C．针，针头；指针
4．revolution D．柜台；计数器；反驳
5．counter E．巨变，大变革；革命
答案 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.E 5.D
[第二组]
6．cupboard A．药片；丸；牌，匾，碑
7．acid B．应用，运用；申请
8．tablet C．可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能
9．potential D．酸，酸性物质
10．application E．橱柜；食物柜；衣柜
答案 6.E7.D8.A9.C10.B
[第三组]
11．sickness A．批准，通过；赞成，同意
12．stroke B．症状；征兆
13．approval C．大规模的；数量极多的
14．symptom D．疾病；恶心，呕吐
15．mass E．中风，脑溢血；(打、击等的)一下，一击；轻抚；笔画答案11.D12.E13.A14.B15.C
[第四组]
16．life-saving A．对……极重要的，必不可少的
17．beneficial B．有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的
18．best-selling C．救命的，救生的
19．vital D．不正常的，反常的
20．abnormal E．有益的，有用的
21．effective F．畅销的
答案16.C17.E18.F19.A20.D21.B
[第五组]
22．chew A．(使)加速，加快
23．possess B．使十分惊讶，使吃惊
24．circulate C．拥有，具有
25．astonish D．循环；传播，散布；传递，传阅
26．accelerate E．流血，失血
27．bleed F．咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃
答案22.F23.C24.D25.B26.A27.E
Step 1Fast-reading
Skim the passage and finish the following exercises.
1．What are the two medicines mentioned in the article?
Aspirin and penicillin.
2．When was penicillin first discovered?
In 1928.
3．What award did Fleming，Florey and Chain share?
The Nobel Prize in Medicine.
Step 2Careful-reading
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which of the following is considered to be the time when Aspirin was invented? A．3,500 years ago.
B．2,500 years ago.
C．1897.
D．1899.
答案 C
2．Which of the following can’t Aspirin be used for?
A．Keeping quiet.
B．Pain killing.
C．Curing diabetes.
D．Reducing heart attacks.
答案 A
3．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Penicillin can keep people healthy by thinning their blood.
B．Aspirin can save lives by killing bacteria.
C．Aspirin was discovered by accident.
D．Penicillin was discovered by chance.
答案 D
4．Who is American?
A．Dr Thun. B．Smith.
C．Alexander Fleming. D．Howard Florey.
答案 A
Step 3Post-reading
After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.
Step 4Sentence-learning
1．If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world，it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin.
[句式分析]该句为主从复合句。

主句中it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语；if引导条件状语从句。

[自主翻译]倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜或去任何一个药品柜台，你很可能会发现阿司匹林和青霉素。

2．It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical.
[句式分析]此句是强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分”，句中强调时间状语in 1897。

called Dr Felix Hoffmann为过去分词短语作后置定语。

[自主翻译]正是在1897年，一位名叫费利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师提取了这种化学物质，制成了阿司匹林。

3．Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.
[句式分析]本句中not only...but also...连接两个并列分句。

not only置于句首，所在分句使用部分倒装结构。

that aspirin can help with是定语从句，修饰先行词other things。

[自主翻译]阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。

4．It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead，which meant that the mould had killed them.
[句式分析]该句为主从复合句。

主句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式结构to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead，其中surrounding the mould为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰the bacteria，dead为宾语the mould的补足语；which引导的非限制性定语从句中又含有that引导的宾语从句。

[自主翻译]他惊讶地发现，这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着是这种霉杀死了它们。

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Mother Nature is a cruel mistress.Why? Read on to find the answer.
Venice
This iconic city is sinking rapidly.The canals that make up the streets of Venice rise 2mm every year，making relics of history go under the surface of water and destroying architecture.Experts warn that without intervention(干预)，this city will disappear back into the water at an even faster rate，consumed by rising sea level from melting polar ice caps.
Machu Picchu
These Incan ruins have drawn adventurous tourists into the mountains of South America.The forces of natural erosion have been accelerated by tourism and this landmark faces severe influence from increasing foot traffic.The Peruvian government recently suggested a cable car that would cut out the intense hike up to the ruins，making the site instantly accessible to millions，but the future of Machu Picchu remains uncertain.
Glacier National Park
Perhaps you’ve heard that the ice caps are melting.But nowhere is more apparent than in Glacier National Park.Estimates indicate that the glaciers that are part of the beauty of this national landmark will disappear entirely in the next two decades.
The Great Barrier Reef
Hidden from view beneath the waves，the Great Barrier Reef has been rapidly dying off.Nearly fifty percent of coral which once occupied a large area is gone，destroyed by pollution and disease.
语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。

文章主要介绍了世界上濒临消失的几个旅游胜地。

1．What can we learn about Machu Picchu?
A．It has no convenient traffic.
B．It’s famous for cable cars.
C．It’s well preserved by the locals.
D．It bears a heavy burden of tourism.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据Machu Picchu部分中的“The forces of natural erosion have been accelerated by tourism and this landmark faces severe influence from increasing foot traffic.”可知，日益增长的旅游业给该地带来了破坏。

故选D。

2．Which place probably needs visitors to dive into the water to enjoy its beauty?
A．Venice.
B．Machu Picchu.
C．Glacier National Park.
D．The Great Barrier Reef.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据The Great Barrier Reef部分中的“Hidden from view beneath the waves...”可知，该地可能需要游客潜入水中才能欣赏其美景。

故选D。

3．What do the above attractions have in common?
A．They all have a long history.
B．They’re all threatened by climate change.
C．They’re all in danger of disappearing.
D．They’re all well-known for natural scenery.
答案 C
解析推理判断题。

根据Venice部分中的“this city will disappear back into the water at an even faster rate”，Machu Picchu部分中的“the future of Machu Picchu remains uncertain”，Glacier National Park部分中的“the glaciers that are part of the beauty of this national landmark will disappear entirely in the next two decades”及The Great Barrier Reef部分中的“the Great Barrier Reef has been rapidly dying off”可推知，这几处旅游胜地的共同点是它们都濒临消失。

文章第一段的内容也是暗示，故选C。

B
The World Health Organization(WHO) says the widespread use of sugar in food products and drinks is a major concern in many areas.So WHO officials are calling on governments to require taxes on sugary drinks.The officials believe the taxes also would reduce the risk of health problems resulting from obesity(肥胖)．
Obesity is a condition in which the body stores large，unhealthy amounts of fat.A new report
says that in 2014 more than one-third of the adults in the world were overweight，and 500 million were considered obese.The United Nations agency estimates that in 2015,42 million children under age 5 were either overweight or obese.Almost half of these boys and girls live in Asia and one-fourth in Africa.
The U．N.agency blames unhealthy diets for a rise in diabetes cases.There are more than 400 million cases of the disease worldwide.The WHO says 1.5 million people die from it every year.It says the use of sugar in food products and drinks is a major reason for the increase in rates of obesity and diabetes.
Temo Waqanivalu is with the agency.He told VOA that taxing sugary drinks would reduce consumption and save lives.Waqanivalu noted that Mexico enacted a 10 percent tax on sugary drinks in 2014.He said by the end of the year，there was a 6 percent drop in the consumption of such drinks.Among poor people，the number of people who consumed sugary drinks dropped by 17 percent.
The WHO says people should limit the amount of sugar they consume.It says they should keep their sugar intake to below 10 percent of their total energy needs，and reduce it to less than 5 percent for improved health.
4．Why are taxes on sugary drinks required?
A．To limit their use and popularity.
B．To readjust the economic structure.
C．To warn people to change their lifestyle.
D．To ensure the market’s diverse development.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段的第一、二句可知，由于糖在食品和饮料中的广泛使用成为很多地区关心的主要问题，世界卫生组织才呼吁对含糖饮料征税，故此举是为了限制含糖饮料的消费及盛行。

故选A。

5．What do the figures in the second paragraph suggest?
A．Adult obesity is ignored at present.
B．Obesity is a severe worldwide problem.
C．Obesity can block economic development.
D．Obesity is most serious in developed countries.
答案 B
解析推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“in 2014 more than one-third of the adults in the world
were overweight，and 500 million were considered obese”“in 2015,42 million children under age 5 were either overweight or obese.Almost half of these boys and girls live in Asia and one-fourth in Africa”可知，作者在第二段中引用多种数据是为了说明肥胖在全球范围内是一个严峻的问题。

故选B。

6．What does the underlined word “enacted” mean in the passage?
A．Abolish. B．Pass.
C．Promise. D．Reduce.
答案 B
解析词义猜测题。

根据上文的“taxing sugary drinks would reduce consumption and save lives”可知，对含糖饮料征税会减少消费和挽救生命，故下文Waqanivalu所举的墨西哥的例子就是为了印证这一观点，故画线词所在句表示的是墨西哥在2014年通过了对含糖饮料征收10%的税的法律。

由此可知，画线词意为“通过(法律)”。

故选B。

7．What does the example of Mexico prove?
A．Tax policies are unfair to the poor.
B．Sugary drinks are a threat to health.
C．The poor consume more sugary drinks.
D．Taxing sugary drinks makes a difference.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中的“...by the end of the year，there was a 6 percent drop in the consumption of such drinks.Among poor people，the number of people who consumed sugary drinks dropped by 17 percent.”可知，作者援引墨西哥的例子是为了说明对含糖饮料征税是起作用的。

C
Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead.They warn the 150-minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people—particularly older individuals.And striving to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked.But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.
There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease，type 2 diabetes(糖尿病) and some types of guidelines for adults recommend at least two-and-a-half hours of moderate activity a week，in short periods of 10 minutes or more.
But in two separate articles in the BMJ，experts argue the message needs to change，with greater emphasis on making inactive people move more.Prof Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse，advises people who are sedentary(久坐的) to make small incremental increases in their activity levels—rather than pushing to achieve current goals.He
points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of vigorous activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death，compared to people who do no exercise.
In the second article，Prof Phillip Sparking of the Georgia Institute of Technology，says doctors should tailor their advice—particularly for older patients.He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss “realistic options” to increase activity—such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.
Prof Kevin Fenton at Public Health England，says，“Everyone needs to be active every day—short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefits，but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions.” This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
8．What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage?
A．10-minute exercise.
B．20-minute exercise.
C．60-minute exercise.
D．150-minute exercise.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

文章第一段第一句提出了当前的运动量是不切实际的；第二句又进一步强调每周150分钟的运动量对某些人来说是很难达到的，可知目前的运动建议量为150分钟。

9．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．A 10-minute exercise has little effect on the health.
B．Heart diseases happen easily to the old in activity.
C．Two-and-a-half hours of exercise is not necessary.
D．Inactivity easily brings about many serious diseases.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据第二段的第一句“There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease，type 2 diabetes(糖尿病) and some types of cancer.”可知，心脏病、糖尿病以及部分癌症与不活动有关。

故选D项。

10．What is the suggestion of Prof Philipe de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph? A．People should spend less time on exercise.
B．People should lower their activity levels.
C．People should increase exercise properly.
D．People should achieve their current goals.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据第三段的第二句“Prof Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse，advises people who are sedentary(久坐的) to make small incremental increases in their activity levels—rather than pushing to achieve current goals.”可知，他建议应该适量递增运动量。

故选C项。

11．Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines?
A．They are impractical.
B．They are reasonable.
C．They have no effect on us.
D．They are popular with people.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据文章前两句中的“unrealistic”“beyond the reach of some people”等词汇可知，当前的锻炼指南是不切实际的。

Ⅱ.七选五
Five Secrets to Living a Sunshine Life
Don’t avoid or ignore negativity.
In order to conquer and overcome the negativity，it must be acknowledged.You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance，it’s up to you to handle them.
Take care of yourself and your needs.
In order to live a powerful and meaningful life，you must love yourself. 12 And this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind.Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.
13
Determine what is worth your time and effort and what is not.If situations are bad and beyond repair，it’s time to let go.Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？14 Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have been absent in the past.
Give.
Give our time，energy，love and sometimes money to others. 15 So if you can，don’t hesitate to do it.
Focus on things that make us smile，laugh and feel good.
This one is pretty simple. 16 That is，do more of what makes you happy! I truly believe happiness may not come as easily as we wish.In order to go through work and responsibilities that
seem boring，we have to actively pursue and engage in beautiful acts of love and kindness.So let’s have a try.
A．Just do MORE of it.
B．Fix them and find peace.
C．Always put yourself first.
D．Mend what’s broken or get rid of it.
E．Determine what is important to you.
F．Mind your actions and how you live each day.
G．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.
语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。

文章简要地介绍了五个享受阳光生活的秘诀。

12．答案 F
解析根据本段的小标题“Take care of yourself and your needs.”及空处上下文的内容可知，本段主要讲的是要关注自己及自己的需求。

故F项符合语境。

13．答案 D
解析根据下文的内容，尤其是“Determine what is worth your time and effort and what is not ...worth the time？”可知，本段主要讲的是要修补“破裂的”东西或者摆脱它。

故D项符合语境。

14．答案 B
解析此处与上文的“If situations are bad and beyond repair，it’s time to let go.”形成对比，上文说的是放手，这里说的是修复。

选项中的“them”呼应上句中的“relationships or friendships”。

所以答案为B。

15．答案G
解析根据本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲的是付出，且由空后的“So”可知，空处是付出的原因，故G项符合语境。

16．答案 A
解析根据空前的“This one is pretty simple.”和空后的“That is，do more of what makes you happy！”可知，A项“就是多做”符合语境。