汉译英练习
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抽象名词译法
为了译文的忠实与通顺,我们往往有必要把原 文中带有具体意义或具体形象的单词、词组、 成语或句子进行抽象化处理。这种翻译方法称 为抽象译法。 汉译英过程中,一般说来,表范畴的抽象名 词无须译出。
汉语中表示范畴的抽象词语主要有“现象、问 题、情况、态度、局面、制度、行为”等。
1.我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富差距问题。
2.我们要与腐败和各种不公正现象作斗争。
译文一:we must fight against the phenomenon of the corruption and injustice.
译文二:We must fight against corruption and injustice. Notes: 1. 与„作斗争 Fight against 2. 腐败 corruption 3.不公正 injustice
译文一:Who has never tasted Chinese goldthread which is bitter will never know honey is sweet. 译文二:Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. 分析:汉语中“黄连”和“蜜蜂”这两个具体的形象, 代表“苦”和“甜”,而在译文中只是用了抽象译法 “bitter”和“sweet”。如果把“黄连”和“蜜蜂”都 照搬过来,不仅译文显得冗长,而且外国读者也很难理 解译文的意思。
7.那辆小汽车是他刚弄到手的值得夸耀的东西。 译文一:He is proud of his new car.
译文二:The car is a proud new acquisition of his. 分析:“东西”泛指各种抽象和具体的事物,这 里指“那辆小汽车”,在汉译英的时候做抽象化 处理。
8.不尝黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。
汉译英中,翻译比较抽象的单词,词组, 成语时, 注意词汇的深层逻辑。 比如“春运”,不能简单地说成是 spring transportation (春季的运输),而应是the rush / peak season of passenger transportation during the Spring Festival / Chinese New Year (春节期间的客运高峰)
10.妈妈非常激动,我感到她的背在颤抖,就在 那一刻,我第一次明白妈妈也有脆弱的一面。 译文一:The
mother is very excited, I felt her back trembling, in that moment, I understood for the first time my mother also has a vulnerable side. 译文二:In that moment, feeling mother ’s back racked with emotion, I understood for the first time her vulnerability. 分析:vulnerability n.弱点 汉语中名词倾向于具体,常常用实在的形式表示虚的概念,以 具体的形象表达抽象的内容;而抽象名词 的大量使用是现代英 语的一个特点。
5.想起他年轻时的一些事情,他心里感到安慰。
译文一:He felt comfort when recalling his youth. 译文二:It was the memories of his youth that gave him comfort. 分析:汉语注重“具体”,而英语重“抽象”。 因此这句在翻译时应注意将划线的词语抽象化, 而不能直译为 somethings。
6.我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。
译文一:I know I would meet with the terrible weather. 译文二:I knew that I would encounter extremes of weather.
分析:“严寒酷暑”在这里是一个抽象名词, 它是指一种恶劣的天气,而不能将其分开翻译 成“严寒” severe cold ,“酷暑”intense summer .
9.他等着她来,急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。
译文一:He was waiting for her , like an ant on hot bricks.
译文二:He waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation. 分析:frenzied adj.狂乱的,疯狂的 agitation n. 激动,烦乱 原文用了比较具体的词,但翻译成英语时,可以用抽 象的词语来表达,反倒显的译文干脆利落,符合习惯。
3.我必须把我的各项政治活动安排得十分紧凑。
译文一:I have to arrange my politics tightly.
Hale Waihona Puke 译文二:I had to work my political apperances into a very tight schedule.
4.你必须提出一些解决方案。
译文一:You must put forward some solutions. 译文二:You must work out some solutions. 分析:上述例子中,原文用了比较具体的词, 往往后面有范畴词,比如“现象”“方案” 等,翻译成英语时,都可以用抽象的词语来 表达,反倒显的译文干脆利落,符合习惯。
译文一:we must pay attention to the problem of the gap between coastal and inland areas.
译文二:We should attach importance to the gap between coastal and inland areas. 分析:差距问题进行抽象化处理
为了译文的忠实与通顺,我们往往有必要把原 文中带有具体意义或具体形象的单词、词组、 成语或句子进行抽象化处理。这种翻译方法称 为抽象译法。 汉译英过程中,一般说来,表范畴的抽象名 词无须译出。
汉语中表示范畴的抽象词语主要有“现象、问 题、情况、态度、局面、制度、行为”等。
1.我们要重视沿海与内地的贫富差距问题。
2.我们要与腐败和各种不公正现象作斗争。
译文一:we must fight against the phenomenon of the corruption and injustice.
译文二:We must fight against corruption and injustice. Notes: 1. 与„作斗争 Fight against 2. 腐败 corruption 3.不公正 injustice
译文一:Who has never tasted Chinese goldthread which is bitter will never know honey is sweet. 译文二:Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. 分析:汉语中“黄连”和“蜜蜂”这两个具体的形象, 代表“苦”和“甜”,而在译文中只是用了抽象译法 “bitter”和“sweet”。如果把“黄连”和“蜜蜂”都 照搬过来,不仅译文显得冗长,而且外国读者也很难理 解译文的意思。
7.那辆小汽车是他刚弄到手的值得夸耀的东西。 译文一:He is proud of his new car.
译文二:The car is a proud new acquisition of his. 分析:“东西”泛指各种抽象和具体的事物,这 里指“那辆小汽车”,在汉译英的时候做抽象化 处理。
8.不尝黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。
汉译英中,翻译比较抽象的单词,词组, 成语时, 注意词汇的深层逻辑。 比如“春运”,不能简单地说成是 spring transportation (春季的运输),而应是the rush / peak season of passenger transportation during the Spring Festival / Chinese New Year (春节期间的客运高峰)
10.妈妈非常激动,我感到她的背在颤抖,就在 那一刻,我第一次明白妈妈也有脆弱的一面。 译文一:The
mother is very excited, I felt her back trembling, in that moment, I understood for the first time my mother also has a vulnerable side. 译文二:In that moment, feeling mother ’s back racked with emotion, I understood for the first time her vulnerability. 分析:vulnerability n.弱点 汉语中名词倾向于具体,常常用实在的形式表示虚的概念,以 具体的形象表达抽象的内容;而抽象名词 的大量使用是现代英 语的一个特点。
5.想起他年轻时的一些事情,他心里感到安慰。
译文一:He felt comfort when recalling his youth. 译文二:It was the memories of his youth that gave him comfort. 分析:汉语注重“具体”,而英语重“抽象”。 因此这句在翻译时应注意将划线的词语抽象化, 而不能直译为 somethings。
6.我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。
译文一:I know I would meet with the terrible weather. 译文二:I knew that I would encounter extremes of weather.
分析:“严寒酷暑”在这里是一个抽象名词, 它是指一种恶劣的天气,而不能将其分开翻译 成“严寒” severe cold ,“酷暑”intense summer .
9.他等着她来,急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。
译文一:He was waiting for her , like an ant on hot bricks.
译文二:He waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation. 分析:frenzied adj.狂乱的,疯狂的 agitation n. 激动,烦乱 原文用了比较具体的词,但翻译成英语时,可以用抽 象的词语来表达,反倒显的译文干脆利落,符合习惯。
3.我必须把我的各项政治活动安排得十分紧凑。
译文一:I have to arrange my politics tightly.
Hale Waihona Puke 译文二:I had to work my political apperances into a very tight schedule.
4.你必须提出一些解决方案。
译文一:You must put forward some solutions. 译文二:You must work out some solutions. 分析:上述例子中,原文用了比较具体的词, 往往后面有范畴词,比如“现象”“方案” 等,翻译成英语时,都可以用抽象的词语来 表达,反倒显的译文干脆利落,符合习惯。
译文一:we must pay attention to the problem of the gap between coastal and inland areas.
译文二:We should attach importance to the gap between coastal and inland areas. 分析:差距问题进行抽象化处理