译林版七年级上册介词专题 整理
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牛津译林七年级上册介词专题梳理
【知识梳理】
1.介词的定义
介词是虚词,不能独立充当句子成分
介词短语能够充当句子成分
介词短语 = 介词+介词宾语(名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当)
根据词形,介词分为三类:1简单介词:in, on, from, at, for
合成介词:upon, into, onto, inside, without
成语介词:由两个以上单词合成。in front of, in the middle of, on top of
2.常用介词介绍
at
①表示时间: I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。
②表示在某一具体地点: He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。
③表示动作的方向、目标: Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。
④用于某些固定搭配: at once 立刻、马上 at last 最后
at the same time 同时 at first 开始时
not at all 一点也不
about
①表示大约时间: I's about six o'clock now. 现在大约6点钟了。
②表示地点;在……周围: Everthing about me is so beautiful 我周围的一切都那么美好。
③关于,对于: We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。
after
①在……之后: After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。
②在……后面: He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。
behind
①在……之后: There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车
②比……晚,迟于: The train is behind time. 火车晚点了
by
①在……旁: He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。
②到……时候: We have learned three English songs by now. 到现在为止,我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。
③以……方式: I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。
④用于某些固定搭配: one by one 一个接一个 by the way 顺便说一句
for
①为,给,替: I'll make a card for my teacher. 我要给老师做张卡片。
②由于: Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。
③表示给(某人)用的: There is letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。
in
①在……里面: The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。
②在一段时间里: We have four classes in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。
③用,以: What's this in English? 这用英语怎么说?
④在某一年份,季节,月份: in 2002, in spring, in January
⑤表示状态,服饰: Helen is in yellow. 海伦身穿黄色衣服。
⑥在……方面: He is weak in English. 他的英语不行。
⑦用于某些固定搭配: in front of 在……前面
in the end 最后
in time 及时
like
①像……样: He looks like his father. 他像他的父亲。
②这样,那样: Don't look at me like that. 别那样看着我。
③怎样: What's the weather like? 天气怎样。
near
靠近,在……附近: My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。
of
①的(表示所属关系): This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的照片。
②……的(用于所有格): He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。
③表示数量(与连词连用): One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京
④想到,谈到: I often think of them. 我常常想到他们。
⑤用于某些固定搭配: of course 当然
because of 因为,由于
on
①在……上面: There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。
②在(星期)天,在某天的上午(下午,晚上): They go to English class on Sunday. 星期天他们去上英
语课。
I left Beijing on the morning of May 1. 我在5月1日早上离开北京。
③用于某些固定搭配: on duty 值日 on time 准时
over
①在……正上方: There is a lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盏灯。
②遍及,穿过: There is a bridge over the river. 有座桥横跨那条河。
③超过,不止: She is a little over 2. 她两岁多了。
to
①到,往,向: He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。
②表示时间、数量,
到……为止 Please count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30.
③向,对,给: Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。
under
What's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么?
with
①和,写: Could you go home with me? 你能和我一起回家吗?
②表示伴随状态,带有: Who's that girl with glasses? 那位戴眼睛的女孩是谁?【例题精讲】
1.The little girl is sitting ________ her mother.
2.There is a white car _________ our school.
3.Many shops are _________ our home.
4.The post office is _________ the police station and the library.
A. between
B. among
C. in
D. on
5. The old woman lives ________ a small village. It is __________ two hills.
A. in, among
B. at, among
C. at, between
D. in, between
6. I can’t finish my work _______ your help.
A. with
B. without
C. in
D. to
答案:1. by, 2. beside, 3. near 4.A 5. D 6. B
【课堂练习】