2013年12月英语六级考试翻译新题型习题及答案详解

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2013年12月英语六级真题(含答案)(共三套)最新排版整理

2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）请用黑色签字笔在答题卡1指定区域内作答作文题，在试题册上的作答无效！Part ⅡListening Comprehension(30 minutes)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Cell phones provide instant access to people. They are creating a major 36 in the social experiences of both children and adolescents. In one recent U.S. survey, about half the teens polled said that their cell phone had 37 their communication with friends. Almost all said that their cell phone was the way they stayed in touch with peers, one-third had used the cell phone to help a peer in need, and about 80% said the phone made them feel safer. Teenagers in Australia, 38 ,said that their mobile phones provided numerous benefits and were an39 part of their lives; some were so 40 to their phones that the researchers considered it an addiction. In Japan, too, researchers are concerned about cell phone addiction. Researchers in one study in Tokyo found that more than half of junior high school students used their phones to exchange e-mails with schoolmates more than 10 times a day.Cell phones 41 social connections with peers across time and space. They allow young people to exchange moment-by-moment experiences in their daily lives with special partners and thus to have a more 42 sense of connection with friends. Cell phones also can 43 social tolerance because they reduce children's interactions with others who are different from them. In addition to connecting peers, cell phones connect children and parents. Researchers studying teenagers in Israel concluded that, in that 44 environment, mobile phones were regarded as "security objects" in parent-teen relationships―im portant because they provided the possibility of 45 and communication at all times.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A) affiliatedB) attachedC) contactD) contendE) continuousF) diminishG) enduranceH) foster I) hazardous J) improved K) instantaneous L) intrinsicM) relatively N) shiftO) similarlySection BWaste Not, Want Not Feeding the 9 Billion: The Tragedy of Waste[A] By 2075, the United Nations' mid-range projection for global population is about 9.5 billion.This means that there could be an extra three billion mouths to feed by the end of the century,a period in which substantial changes are anticipated in the wealth, calorie intake and dietarypreferences of people in developing countries across the world. Such a projection presents mankind with wide-ranging social, economic, environmental and political issues that need to be addressed today to ensure a sustainable future for all. One key issue is how to produce more food in a world of finite resources.[B] Today, we produce about four billion metric tonnes of food per year. Yet due to poor practicesin harvesting, storage and transportation, as well as market and consumer wastage, it is estimated that 30-50% of all food produced never reaches a human stomach. Furthermore, this figure does not reflect the fact that large amounts of land, energy, fertilisers and water have also been lost in the production of foodstuffs which simply end up as waste. This level of wastage is a tragedy that cannot continue if we are to succeed in the challenge of sustainably meeting our future food demands. |Where Food Waste Happens[C] In 2010,the Institution of Mechanical Engineers identified three principal emerging populationgroups across the world, based on characteristics associated with their current and projected stage of economic development.• Fully developed, mature, post-industrial societies, such as those in Europe, characterised by stable or declining populations which are increasing in age.• Late-stage developing nations that are currently industrialising rapidly, for example China, which will experience declining rates of population growth, coupled with increasing affluence (富裕）and age profile.• Newly developing countries that are beginning to industrialise, primarily in Africa, with high to very high population growth rates, and characterised by a predominantly young age profile.[D] Each group over the coming decades will need to address different issues surrounding foodproduction, storage and transportation, as well as consumer expectations, if we are to continue to feed all our people.[E] In less-developed countries, such as those of sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia, wastagetends to occur primarily at the farmer-producer end of the supply chain. Inefficient harvesting, inadequate local transportation and poor infrastructure (基础设施)mean that produce is frequently handled inappropriately and stored under unsuitable farm site conditions.[F] In mature, fully developed countries such as the UK, more-efficient farming practices andbetter transport, storage and processing facilities ensure that a larger proportion of the food produced reaches markets and consumers. However, characteristics associated with modern consumer culture mean produce is often wasted through retail and customer behaviour. [G] Major supermarkets, in meeting consumer expectations, will often reject entire crops ofperfectly edible fruit and vegetables at the farm because they do not meet exacting marketing standards for their physical characteristics, such as size and appearance.[H] Of the produce that does appear in the supermarket, commonly used sales promotionsfrequently encourage customers to purchase excessive quantities which, in the case of perishable foodstuffs, inevitably generate wastage in the home. Overall between 30% and 50% of what has been bought in developed countries is thrown away by the purchaser.Better Use of Our Finite Resources[I] Wasting food means losing not only life-supporting nutrition but also precious resources,including land, water and energy. As a global society, therefore, tackling food waste will help contribute towards addressing a number of key resource issues.[J] Land Usage: Over the last five decades, improved farming techniques and technologies have helped to significantly increase crop yields along with a 12% expansion of farmed land use.However, a further increase in farming area without impacting unfavourably on what remains of the world's natural ecosystems appears unlikely. The challenge is that an increase in animal-based production will require more land and resources, as livestock (牲畜)farming demands extensive land use.[K] Water Usage: Over the past century, human use of fresh water has increased at more than double the rate of population growth. Currently about 3.8 trillion m3of water is used by humans per year. About 70% of this is consumed by the global agriculture sector, and the level of use will continue to rise over the coming decades.[L] Better irrigation can dramatically improve crop yield and about 40% of the world's food supply is currently derived from irrigated land. However, water used in irrigation is often sourced unsustainably.In processing foods after the agricultural stage, there are large additional uses of water that need to be tackled in a world of growing demand. This is particularly crucial inthe case of meat production, where beef uses about 50 times more water than vegetables. In the future, more effective washing techniques, management procedures, and recycling and purification of water will be needed to reduce wastage.[M]Energy Usage: Energy is an essential resource across the entire food production cycle, with estimates showing an average of 7-10 calories of input being required in the production of one calorie of food. This varies dramatically depending on crop, from three calories for plant crops to 35 calories in the production of beef. Since much of this energy comes from the utilisation of fossil fuels, wastage of food potentially contributes to unnecessary global warming as well as inefficient resource utilisation.[N] In the modem industrialised agricultural process—which developing nations are moving towards in order to increase future yields—energy usage in the making and application of fertilisers and pesticides represents the single biggest component. Wheat production takes 50% of its energy input for these two items alone. Indeed, on a global scale, fertiliser manufacturing consumes about 3-5% of the world's annual natural gas supply. With production anticipated to increase by 25% between now and 2030, sustainable energy sourcing will become an increasingly major issue. Energy to power machinery, both on the farm and in the storage and processing facilities, adds to the energy total, which currently represents about 3.1% of annual global energy consumption.Recommendations[O] Rising population combined with improved nutrition standards and shifting dietary preferences will exert pressure for increases in global food supply. Engineers, scientists and agriculturalists have the knowledge, tools and systems that will assist in achieving productivity increases. However, pressure will grow on finite resources of land, energy and water. The potential to provide 60-100% more food by simply eliminating losses, while simultaneously freeing up land, energy and water resources for other uses, is an opportunitythat should not be ignored. In order to begin tackling the challenge, the Institution recommends that:•The UN Food and Agriculture Organisat ion work with the international engineering community to ensure governments of developed nations put in place programmes that transfer engineering knowledge, design know-how, and suitable technology to newly developing countries. This will help improve produce handling in the harvest, and immediate post-harvest stages of food production.• Governments of rapidly developing countries incorporate waste minimisation thinking into the transport infrastructure and storage facilities currently being planned, engineered and built.• Governments in developed nations devise and im plement policy that changes consumer expectations. These should discourage retailers from wasteful practices that lead to the rejection of food on the basis of cosmetic characteristics, and losses in the home due to excessive purchasing by consumers.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

精品2013.12月英语六级真题及答案_英语6级翻译真题

2013.12月英语六级真题及答案:英语6级翻译
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2013.12月英语六级真题及答案:英语6级翻译真题
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2013年12月--2015年12月英语六级翻译真题及答案

2015年12月六级翻译第一套在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。

自20世纪70年代末实施改革开放以来，中国已使多达四亿人摆脱了贫困。

在未来五年中，中国将向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、发展教育、农业现代化、环境保护和医疗保健等方面提供援助。

中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步，并在促进经济增长方面做出了不懈努力，这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身发展中的挑战。

在寻具有自身特色的发展道路时，这些国家可以借鉴中国的经验。

China is playing an increasingly important role in helping the international community in the process of eradicating extreme poverty by 2030. Since the implementation of reform and opening up in the late 1970s, China has helped as many as 400 million people out of poverty. In the next five years, China will provide assistance to other developing countries in poverty reduction, education development, agricultural modernization, environmental protection, health care and so on. China has made remarkable progress in poverty alleviation, and it has made unremitting efforts in promoting economic growth. This will encourage other poor countries to cope with their own development challenges. These countries can learn from China's experience in seeking the path of development with their own characteristics.2015年12月六级翻译第二套在中国，父本总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。

2013年12月英语六级（新题型）考试试卷+答案详解

2013年12⽉英语六级（新题型）考试试卷+答案详解2013年12⽉全国⼤学⽣英语六级考试试卷Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Digital Age. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1．如今数字化产品得到越来越⼴泛的使⽤，例如……2．数字化产品的使⽤对⼈们的⼯作、学习、⽣活产⽣的影响。

Digital Age__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A) Proceed in his own way. C) Compromise with his colleague.B) Stick to the original plan. D) Try to change his colleague’s mind.2. A) Mary has a keen eye for style. C) Nancy and Mary went shopping together in Rome.B) Nancy regrets buying the dress. D) Nancy and Mary like to follow the latest fashion.3. A) Wash the dishes. C) Pick up George and Martha.B) Go to the theatre. D) Take her daughter to hospital.4. A) She enjoys making up stories about other people.B) She can never keep anything to herself for long.C) She is eager to share news with the woman.D) She is the best informed woman in town.5. A) A car dealer. C) A driving examiner.B) A mechanic. D) A technical consultant.6. A) The shopping mall has been deserted recently.B) Shoppers can only find good stores in the mall.C) Lots of people moved out of the downtown area.D) There isn’t much business downtown nowadays.7. A) He will help the woman with her reading.B) The lounge is not a place for him to study in.C) He feels sleepy whenever he tries to study.D) A cozy place is rather hard to find on campus.8. A) To protect her from getting scratches. C) To prevent mosquito bites.B) To help relieve her of the pain. D) To avoid getting sunburnt.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) In a studio. C) At a beach resort.B) In a clothing store. D) At a fashion show.10. A) To live there permanently. C) To find a better job to support herself.B) To stay there for half a year. D) To sell leather goods for a British company.11. A) Designing fashion items for several companies.B) Modeling for a world-famous Italian company.C) Working as an employee for Ferragamo.D) Serving as a sales agent for Burberrys.12. A) It has seen a steady decline in its profits.B) It has become much more competitive.C) It has lost many customers to foreign companies.D) It has attracted a lot more designers from abroad.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) It helps her to attract more public attention.B) It improves her chance of getting promoted.C) It strengthens her relationship with students.D) It enables her to understand people better.14. A) Passively. B) Positively. C) Skeptically. D) Sensitively.15. A) It keeps haunting her day and night.B) Her teaching was somewhat affected by it.C) It vanishes the moment she steps into her role.D) Her mind goes blank once she gets on the stage.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.B) To reform railroad management in western European countries.C) To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.D) To set up an express train network throughout Europe.17. A) Major European airlines will go bankrupt.B) Europeans will pay much less for traveling.C) Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.D) Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.18. A) Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel.B) Passengers will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane.C) Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.D) Traveling by train may be as quick as, or even quicker than, by air.19. A) In 1981. B) In 1989. C) In 1990. D) In 2000. Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) There can be no speedy recovery for mental patients.B) Approaches to healing patients are essentially the same.C) The mind and body should be taken as an integral whole.D) There is no clear division of labor in the medical profession.21. A) A doctor’s fame strengthens the patients’ faith in them.B) Abuse of medicines is widespread in many urban hospitals.C) One third of the patients depend on harmless substances for cure.D) A patient’s expectations of a drug have an effect on their recovery.22. A) Expensive drugs may not prove the most effective.B) The workings of the mind may help patients recover.C) Doctors often exaggerate the effect of their remedies.D) Most illnesses can be cured without medication.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) Enjoying strong feelings and emotions. C) Being fond of making sensational news.B) Defying all dangers when they have to. D) Dreaming of becoming famous one day.24. A) Working in an emergency room. C) Listening to rock music.B) Watching horror movies. D) Doing daily routines.25. A) A rock climber. B) A psychologist.C) A resident doctor. D) A career consultant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are top of a global league table of university reputation—in a top 100 26 by U.S. institutions.Cambridge and Oxford make the top 10—but other U.K. universities have 27 , while Asian institutions have risen.The rankings are based on the 28 of 17,000 academics. This list is an attempt to quantify the elusive but important quality of 29 in higher education—with its findings 30 the opinions of academics around the world.The fast such ranking by the Times Higher Education magazine, published last year, had the same top five as this year—with the two Boston-based 31 , Harvard and M1T, in first and second place.Cambridge was once again the highest ranking U.K. university in third place, 32 Stanford and University of California, Berkeley. But Phil Baty, editor of the Times Higher Education rankings, says there is an 33 picture of U.K. universities downwards—with fewer in the top 100 and a 34 for others including Imperial College London and University College London. "Our global reputation as the home of outstanding universities has been hit," he said.Reflecting the rise of Asian countries as the new education superpowers, there is an increasing presence for countries such as People’s Republic of China, Japan, Singapore and SouthKorea.35 its size and population, Switzerland is also seen as performing well, with three universities in the world’s top 100 universities.Such rankings published by the Times Higher Education magazine do not have an official status, but they have become an increasingly significant part of how universities market themselves to students, particularly as higher education has become more globalized.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Women in 2011 made no significant gains in winning more top US business jobs, according to a study, but the head of the study said women are poised to make 36 in the year ahead.The number of women who were board directors, corporate officers or top earners at Fortune 500 companies remained 37 unchanged, said the study by Catalyst, a nonprofit group that 38 opportunities for women in business.The percentage of companies with women on the board of directors was 15.1 percent this year, compared with 14.8 percent in 2010, Catalyst said.Also, the percentage of corporate officer positions 39 by women was 15.7 percent in 2011 and 15.4percent in 2010, it said. The percentage of top earners in 2011 who were women was 6.2 percent, compared to 6.7percent in 2010, it said.The research on the Fortune 500 companies was 40 on data as of March 31, 2011. The slight changes in the numbers are not considered 41 significant, Catalyst said.Nevertheless, given the changes in U. S. politics, the future for women in business looks more 42 , said Ilene Lang, president and chief executive 43 of Catalyst."Overall we’re44 to see change next year," Lang said. "When we look at shareholders, decision makers, the general public, they’re looking for change. ""What they’re basically saying is, ‘Don’t give us45 of the status quo (现状). Get newSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Marketers Target KidsA) Kids represent an important demographic to marketers because they have their own purchasing power, they influencetheir parents’ buying decisions and they are the adult consumers of the future. Industry spending on advertising to children has exploded in the past decade, increasing from a mere $100 million in 1990 to more than $2 billion in 2000.B) Parents today are willing to buy more for their kids because trends such as smaller family size, dual incomes and postponing children until later in life mean that families have more disposable income. As well, guilt can play a role in spending decisions as time-stressed parents substitute material goods for time spent with their kids. Here are some of the strategies marketers employ to target kids:Pester(纠缠)PowerC) Today’s kids have more autonomy and decision-making power within the family than in previous generations, so it follows that kids are vocal about what they want their parents to buy. "Pester power" refers to children’ ability to nag their parents into purchasing items they may not otherwise buy. Marketing to children is all about creating pester power, because advertisers know what a powerful force it can be.D) According to the 2001 marketing industry book Kidfluence, pestering or nagging can be divided into two categories —"persistence" and "importance". Persistence nagging (a plea, that is repeated over and over again) is not as effective as the more sophisticated "importance nagging". This latter method appeals to parents’ desire to pr ovide the best for their children, and plays on any guilt they may have about not having enough time for their kids.The Marriage of Psychology and MarketingE) To effectively market to children, advertisers need to know what makes kids tick. With the help of well-paid researchers and psychologists, advertisers now have access to in-depth knowledge about children’s developmental, emotional and social needs at different ages. Using research that analyzes children’s behaviour, fantasy’ lives, art work, even their dreams, companies are able to craft sophisticated marketing strategies to reach young people.F) The issue of using child psychologists to help marketers target kids gained widespread public attention in 1999, when a group of U. S. mental health professionals issued a public letter to the American Psychological Association (APA) urging them to declare the practice unethical. The APA is currently studying the issue.Building Brand Name LoyaltyG) Canadian author Naomi Klein tracks the birth of "brand" marketing in her 2000 book No Logo. According to Klein, the mid-1980s saw the birth of a new kind of corporation—Nike, Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, to name a few—which changed their primary corporate focus from producing products to creating an image for their brand name. By moving their manufacturing operations to countries with cheap labour, they freed up money to create their powerful marketing messages. It has been a tremendously profitable formula, and has led to the creation of some of the most wealthy and powerful multi-national corporations the world has seen.H) Marketers plant the seeds of brand recognition in very young children, in the hopes that the seeds will grow into lifetime relationships. According to the Center for a New American Dream, babies as young as six months of age can form mental images of corporate logos and mascots. Brand loyalties can be established as early as age two, and by the time children head off to school most can recognize hundreds of brand logos. While fast food, toy and clothingcompanies have been cultivating brand recognition in children for years, adult-oriented businesses such as banks and automakers are now getting in on the act.Buzz or Street MarketingI) The challenge for marketers is to cut through the intense advertising clutter( 杂乱) in young people’s lives. Many companies are using "buzz marketing" —a new twist on the tried-and-true "word of mouth" method. The idea is to find the coolest kids in a community and have them use or wear your product in order to create a buzz around it. Buzz, or "street marketing", as it’s also called, can help a company to successfully connect with the elusive (难找的) teen market by using trendsetters to give them products "cool" status.J) Buzz marketing is particularly well-suited to the Internet, where young "Net promoters" use chat rooms and blogs to spread the word about music, clothes and other products among unsuspecting users.Commercialization in EducationK) School used to be a place where children were protected from the advertising and consumer messages that permeated their world—but not anymore. Budget shortfalls ( 亏空，差额) are forcing school boards to allow corporations access to students in exchange for badly needed cash, computers and educational materials.L) Corporations realize the power of the school environment for promoting their name and products. A school setting deliversa captive youth audience and implies the endorsement of teachers and the educational system. Marketers are eagerly exploiting this medium in a number of ways, including: 1) sponsored educational materials; 2) supplying schools with technology in exchange for high company visibility; 3) advertising posted in classrooms, school buses, on computers in exchange for funds; 4) contests and incentive programs: for example, the Pizza Hut reading incentives program in which children receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal; 5) sponsoring school events.The InternetM) The Internet is an extremely desirable medium for marketers wanting to target children. It’s part of youth culture. This generation of young people is growing up with the Internet as a daily and routine part of their lives. Kids are often online alone, without parental supervision. Unlike broadcasting media, which have codes regarding advertising to kids, the Internet is unregulated. Sophisticated technologies make it easy to collect information from young people for marketing research, and to target individual children with personalized advertising.Marketing Adult Entertainment to KidsN) Children are often aware of and want to see entertainment meant for older audiences because it is actively marketed to them. In a report released in 2000, the U. S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) revealed how the movie, music and video games industries routinely market violent entertainment to young children.O) The FTC studied 44 films rated "Restricted", and discovered that 80 per cent were targeted to children under 17. Marketing plans included TV commercials run during hours when young viewers were most likely to be watching. The FTC report also highlighted the fact that toys based on characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children. Mature rated video games are advertised in youth magazines; and toys based on "Restricted" movies and M-rated video games are marketed to children as young as four.46. Guilt can affect parents’ spending decisions because they don’t have enough time for theirkids.47. The Center for a New American Dream pointed out that brand loyalties could be formed as early as age two.48. School boards allow corporations to access to students because they need money and educational materials badly.49. The FTC report highlighted the fact that toys based on characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children.50. For this generation of young people, the Interact is a daily and routine part of their lives.51. According to Kidfluence, "persistence nagging" is less effective than the more sophisticated "importance nagging".52. According to a report released by the U. S. Federal Trade Commission, the movie, music and video games industries usually market violent entertainment to young children.53. Buzz marketing is well-suited to the Internet because the interactive environment can spread messages effectively.54. A group of U. S. mental health professionals think that it is unethical to use child psychologists to help marketers target kids.55. According to the Pizza Hut reading incentives program, children will receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Like most people, I’ve long underst ood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I’m treated as a person.Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve foodto people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they’d never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned ( ⽰意) me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I’d been.I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon (勤杂⼯) by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I’d be sitting at their table, waitin g to be served.Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked—cordially.I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me.My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry.It’s no secret that there’s a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and f ortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others’ needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant.I’m now applying to graduate school, which means someday I’ll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I’ll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.56. The author was disappointed to find that ________.A) one’s position is used as a gauge to measure one’s intelligenceB) talented people like her should fail to get a respectable jobC) one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a personD) professionals tend to look down upon manual workers57. What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?A) Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.B) People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded.C) Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.D) Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all.58. How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?A) She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professionals.B) She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon.C) She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.D) She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.59. What does the author imply by saying ". . . many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant" (Line 3, Para. 7)?A) Those who cater to others’ needs are destined to be looked down upon.B) Those work ing in the service industry shouldn’t be treated as servants.C) Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.D) The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as a server nowadays.60. The author says she’ll one day take her clients to dinner in order to ________.A) see what kind of person they areB) experience the feeling of being servedC) show her generosity towards people inferior to herD) arouse their sympathy for people living a humble lifePassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.What’s hot for 2007 among the very rich? A $7.3 million diamond ring. A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals. Oh, and income inequality.Sure, some leftish billionaires like George Soros have been railing against income inequality for years. But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are starting to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class.In December, Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U. S. News & World Report, which lie owns. "Our nation’s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating, " lamented (哀叹) the117th-riehest man in America. "Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder. Average income for a household of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a row. " He noted that "Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy. "Wilbur Ross Jr. has echoed Zuckerman’s anger over the bitter struggles faced by middle-class Americans. "It’s an outrage that any American’s life expectancy should be shortened simply because the company they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage, " said the former chairman of the International Steel Group.What’s happening? The very rich are just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy. Given the recent change of control in Congress, the popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage, and efforts by California’s governor to offer universal health care, these guys don’t need their own personal weathermen to know which way the wind blows.It’s possible that plutocrats (有钱有势的⼈) are expressing solidarity with the struggling middle class as part of an effort to insulate themselves from confiscatory (没收性的) tax policies. But the prospect that income inequality will lead to higher taxes on the wealthy doesn’t keep plutocrats up at night. They can live with that.No, what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to the distribution of income and economic insecurity.In other words, if middle-class Americans continue to struggle financially as the ultrawealthy grow ever wealthier, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain political support for the free flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods, it’s likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad. For people who buy and sell companies, or who allocate capital to markets all around the world, that’s the real nightmare.61. What is the current topic of common interest among the very rich in America?A) The fate of the ultrawealthy people.B) The disintegration of the middle class.C) The inequality in the distribution of wealth.D) The conflict between the left and the right wing.62. What do we learn from Mortimer Zuckerman’s lamentation?A) Many middle-income families have failed to make a bargain for better welfare.B) The American economic system has caused many companies to go bankrupt.C) The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth.D) The majority of Americans benefit little from the nation’s growing wealth.63. From the fifth paragraph we can learn that ________.A) the very rich are fashion-consciousB) the very rich are politically sensitiveC) universal health care is to be implemented throughout AmericaD) Congress has gained popularity by increasing the minimum wage64. What is the real reason for plutocrats to express solidarity with the middle class?A) They want to protect themselves from confiscatory taxation.B) They know that the middle class contributes most to society.C) They want to gain support for global economic integration.D) They feel increasingly threatened by economic insecurity.65. What may happen if the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods?A) The prices of imported goods will inevitably soar beyond control.B) The investors will have to make great efforts to reallocate capital.C) The wealthy will attempt to buy foreign companies across borders.D) Foreign countries will place the same economic barriers in return.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华⽂化不可分割的⼀部分，为振兴华夏做出了巨⼤的贡献。

2013年12月六级真题及答案(共三套)

2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Some performance evaluations require supervisors to take action. Employees who receive a very favorable evaluation may deserve some type of recognition or even a promotion. If supervisors do not acknowledge such outstanding performance, employees may either lose their36 and reduce their effort or search for a new job at a firm that will37 them for high performance. Supervisors should acknowledge high performance so that the employee will continue to perform well in the future.Employees who receive unfavorable evaluations must also be given attention. Supervisors must 38 the reasons for poor performance. Some reasons, such as a family illness, may have a temporary adverse 39 on performance and can be corrected. Other reasons, such as a bad attitude, may not be temporary. When supervisors give employees an unfavorable evaluation, they must decide whether to take any 40 actions. If the employees were unaware of their own deficiencies, the unfavorable evaluation can pinpoint(指出) the deficiencies that employees must correct. In this case, the supervisor may simply need to monitor the employees 41 and ensure that the deficiencies are corrected.If the employees were already aware of their deficiencies before the evaluation period, however, they may be unable or unwilling to correct them. This situation is more serious, and the supervisor may need to take action. The action should be 42 with the f irm‟s guidelines and may include reassigning the employees to new jobs, 43 them temporarily, or firing them. A supervisor‟s action toward a poorly performing worker can 44 the attitudes of other employees. If no 45 isimposed on an employee for poor performance, other employees may react by reducing their productivity as well.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The College Essay: Why Those 500 Words Drive Us CrazyA) Meg is a lawyer-mom in suburban Washington, D.C., where lawyer-moms are thick on theground. Her son Doug is one of several hundred thousand high-school seniors who had a painful fall. The deadline for applying to his favorite college was Nov. 1,and by early October he had yet to fill out the application. More to the point, he had yet to settle on a subject for the personal essay accompanying the application. According to college folklore, a well-turned essay has the power to seduce (诱惑) an admissions committee. “He wanted to do one thing ata time,”Meg says, explaining her son‟s delay. “But really, my son is a huge procrastinator (拖延者). The essay is the hardest thing to do, so he‟s put it off the longest.” Friends and other veterans of the process have warned Meg that the back and forth between editing parent and writing student can be traumatic (痛苦的).B) Back in the good old days—say, two years ago, when the last of my children suffered theordeal (折磨)—a high-school student applying to college could procrastinate all the way to New Year‟s Day of their senior year, assuming they could withstand the paren tal pestering (烦扰).But things change fast in the nail-biting world of college admissions.The recent trend toward early decision and early action among selective colleges and universities has pushed the traditional deadline of January up to Nov. 1 or early December for many students.C) If the time for heel-dragging has been shortened, the true source of the anxiety and panicremains what it has always been. And it‟s not the application itself. A college application is a relatively straightforward questionnaire asking for the basics: name, address, family history employment history. It would all be innocent enough—20 minutes of busy work—except it comes attached to a personal essay.D) “There are good reasons it causes such anxiety,” says Lisa Sohmer, directo r of collegecounseling at the Garden School in Jackson Heights, N.Y. “It‟s not just the actual writing. By noweverything else is already set. Your course load is set, your grades are set, your test scores are set. But the essay is something you can still control, and it‟s open-ended. So the temptation is to write and rewrite and rewrite.” Or stall and stall and stall.E) The application essay, along with its mythical importance, is a recent invention. In the1930s,when only one in 10 Americans had a degree from a four-year college, an admissionscommit tee was content to ask for a sample of applicants‟ school papers to assess their writing ability. By the 1950s, most schools required a brief personal statement of why the student had chosen to apply to one school over another.F) Today nearly 70 percent of graduating seniors go off to college, including two-year andfour-year institutions. Even apart from the increased competition, the kids enter a process that has been utterly transformed from the one baby boomers knew. Nearly all application materials are submitted online, and the Common Application provides a one-size-fits form accepted by more than 400 schools, including the nation‟s most selective.G) Those schools usually require essays of their own, but the longest essay, 500 words maximum,is generally attached to the Common Application. Students choose one of six questions.Applicants are asked to describe an ethical dilemma they‟ve faced and its impact on them, or discuss a public issue of special concern to them, or tell of a fictional character or creative work that has profoundly influenced them. Another question invites them to write about the importance (to them, again) of diversity―a word that has assumed magic power in American higher education. The most popular option: write on a topic of your choice.H) “Boys in particular look at the other questions and say, …Oh, that‟s too much work,‟” says JohnBoshoven, a counselor in the Ann Arbor, Mich., public schools. “They think if they do a topic of their choice, “I‟ll just go get that history paper I did last year on the Roman Empire and turn it into a first-person application essay!‟ And they end up producing something utterly ridiculous.”I) Talking to admissions professionals like Boshoven, you realize that the list of “don‟ts” in essaywriting is much longer than the “dos.”“No book reports, no history papers, no character studies,”says Sohmer.J) “It drives you cra zy, how easily kids slip into clichés(老生常谈),”says Boshoven. “They don‟t realize how typical their experiences arc. …I scored the winning goal in soccer against our arch-rival.‟…My grandfather served in World War II, and I hope to be just like him someday.‟That may mean a lot to that particular kid. But in the world of the application e ssay, it‟s nothing. You‟ll lose the reader in the first paragraph.”K) “The greatest strength you bring to this essay,” says the College Board‟s how-to book, “is 17 years or so of familiarity with the topic: YOU. The form and style are very familiar, and best of all, you are the world-class expert on the subject of YOU ... It has been the subject of your close scrutiny every morning since you were tall enough to see into the bathroom mirror.”Thekey word in the Common Application prompts is “you.”L) The college admission essay contains the grandest American themes―status anxiety, parental piety (孝顺), intellectual standards—and so it is only a matter of time before it becomes infected by the country‟s culture of excessive concern with self-esteem. Even if the question is ostensibly (表面上) about something outside the self (describe a fictional character or solve a problem of geopolitics), the essay invariably returns to the favorite topic: what is its impact on YOU?M)“For all the anxiety the essay causes,”says Bill McClintick of Mercersburg Academy in Pennsylvania, “it‟s a very small piece of the puzzle. I was in college admissions for 10 years. I saw kids and parents beat themselves up over this. And at the vast majority of places, it is simply not a big variable in the college‟s decision-making process.”N) Many admissions officers say they spend less than a couple of minutes on each application, including the essay. According to a recent survey of admissions officers, only one in four private colleges sa y the essay is of “considerable importance” in judging an application.Among public colleges and universities, the number drops to roughly one in 10. By contrast,86 percent place “considerable importance” on an applicant‟s grades, 70 percent on “strengthof curriculum.”O) Still, at the most selective schools, where thousands of candidates may submit identically high grades and test scores, a marginal item like the essay may serve as a tie-breaker between two equally qualified candidates. The thought is certainly enough to keep the pot boiling under parents like Meg, the lawyer-mom, as she tries to help her son choose an essay topic. For a moment the other day, she thought she might have hit on a good one. “His father‟s fromFrance,” she says. “I said maybe you could write about that, as something that makes you different. You know: half French, half American. I said, …You could write about your identity issues.‟He said, …I don‟t have any identity issues!‟And he‟s right. He‟s a well-adjusted, normal kid. B ut that doesn‟t make for a good essay, does it?”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2013年12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析汇总（作文及翻译）

2013年12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析汇总（作文及翻译）2013年12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析汇总（作文及翻译）第1页 :2013年12月大学英语六级真题作文答案一、作文【作文一】求职信大学快要毕业了，需要找工作，写一封求职信说明申请工作的原因和自己能胜任的理由。

【参考范文】Dear Sir or Madam,I wish to apply for the position of a secretary you advertised in Beijing Weekly the other day. I will graduate from Peking University and obtain my bachelor’s degree in a few months. I am majored in business management, and I am 23 years old.I feel that my qualifications and intern experience makes mea suitable candidate for this job, which, according to the advertisement description, demands a multi-lingual person with some secretary experience. Chinese is my home tongue, andI have been the Best Host in the host competition of our school. Besides, I havea fair mastery of English, and my CET-4 is 657 point and CET-6 is 625 point. As for my work experience, I have been an intern secretary in one of the world top 500 companies for one year. The whole year’s intern exper ie nce has helped me aware of the importance of co-operation and co-ordination among coworkers.Thank you for your consideration of my application. I am looking forward to your reply.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming【作文二】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on happiness by referring to the saying “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.” You can cite examples to illustrate your points and then explain how you can develop your ability to deal with problem and be happy, you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】To solve problem, to taste happiness“What is happiness?” is a cliche topic. Everyone has a different definition to the true meaning of happiness. For Franklin Roosevelt, “happiness is not themere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.” For Elbert Einstein, “if you want to live in a happy life, tie it to the goal, not the people or the things.” Al though the two great men grant different definitions to happiness, there is something in common, that is, happiness derives from the capacity to solve problems. I believe that this is true.There is no denying that life is full of problems. Let’s take en vironmental pollution for example. Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. Fortunately, this public hazard has drawn our greatly attention and many effective measures are being taking to solve it. In fact, now the public are benefiting more and more from pollution prevention and control. We can enjoy clear air, health food and beautiful scenes again. Isn’t this happiness?All in all, indeed, equipped with the ability to cope withproblems should suppose to be happiness. In other worlds, in the middle of problems lies happiness.【参考译文】解决问题，品味幸福“何为幸福?”这是一个老生常谈的话题。

2013年12月英语六级真题及答案解析（3套）

2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on happiness by referring to the saying“Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to dea l with them.”You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can develop your ability to deal with problems and be happy. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答。

2013年12月英语六级真题答案完整版

2013年12月英语六级真题答案完整版[1] 作文及阅读部分[2] 阅读及翻译部分作文部分范文一： Happiness – Go for itIn this long journey we call "life", everybody is in pursuit of happiness and has their own interpretation of happiness. An inspiring idea is that happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them, which reveals the very truth about happiness. It cannot be achieved through waiting, but only through striving.There is no way that life always progresses as we wish. Problems may occur and we find ourselves in trouble, but it doesn't mean we are deprived of happiness. There are numerous examples for us to follow: disabled people overcoming obstacles, patients fighting against disease, poverty-stricken people achieving their dreams -- all these inspiring heroes. Their lives are definitely not problem-free, but they have found happiness by courageously solving problems.Therefore, it is essential to develop the ability to deal with problems. We need to muster our courage and confidence to face the fact. Meanwhile, we need to find effective ways to cope with them.In a word, if we stay strong and approach problems effectively, there will be no storm in life that we cannot weather. And after the storm, happiness is within our reach.范文二： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “the greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.” You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to make your life more meaningful. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.How to Live a Meaning LifeAmong all the h ighlighted topics, there is “how to live a meaning life?” Everyone has his or her own opinion. As the saying has it, “the greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.” I cannot agree any more.If our life is just to pursue something for ourselves, we will surely feel fruitless and meaningless when we grow old. From Steve Jobs’s bibliography, we can get that the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones whodo. Steve Jobs has brought a great many changes to our world. His life, although short, definitely outlast. That’s a life worth living.Therefore, if there is a way to make my life meaningful, it should be to find something I’m interested in and also helpful to others or the whole society. Only i n this way can I keep my passion throughout my life until I finally fulfil my life.范文三： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay about the impact of information explosion by referring to the saying "a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention". You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you can do to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information? You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Ways to Get Over Information ExplosionA s a famous saying goes, “A wealth of information creates a poverty of attention”. Nowadays we are in the Information Age. Some people keep complaining about distraction by the information explosion.Admittedly, the new information age has brought us so much convenience that we are allowed to get enough information just with a simple click sitting in front of the computers. Nevertheless, we are also confused, annoyed, distracted and upset by an incredibly large quantity of information. For example, when searching for something online, people are easily carried away by irrelevant information and forget their original plan. Besides, some information often turns out to be useless and actually advertisement. Therefore, it can be time-consuming and troublesome to search information online.Then what we can do to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information? Here I have some useful tips: Firstly, make a list of what you really want before your searching. This will help you to refuse some appealing, yet irrelevant information. Secondly, find some trustful and professional sources or websites and then save and categorize them. In this case, you can easily leave some ads and useless information behind.听力部分1. 答案：D) Their hard work has resulted in a big success.2. 答案：B) Join a package tour to Mexico.3. 答案：B) In case some problem should occur.4. 答案：C) The man can try out the facilities before he becomes a member.5. 答案：A) He is not fit to study science.6. 答案：C) Pay for part of the picnic food.7. 答案：A) A labor dispute at a bus company.8. 答案：D) The payment for an order.9. B) A hotel receptionist.10. A) Appearance.11. C) Offer the job to David Wallace.12 C) He was admitted to university.13. B) He became a professor of Mathematics.14. D) Their work on very high frequency radio waves.15. D) To teach at a university.16. A They have become a headache to the community.17. C To alert the deer.18. B They would endanger domestic animals.19. A She is a tourist guide.20. C It was used by the family to hold dinner parties.21. B It is very big, with only six slim legs.22. D They are uncomfortable to sit in for long.23. D It is the biggest crippler of young adults.24. A Hurry up and live life.25. B Adventurous.26. Legislation27. instruction28. efficient29. dropout30. motivation31. discipline32. contend33. in favor of34. at their disposal35. inferior to【选词填空部分答案】（第一版）36 intentions37 stems38 permanently39 delayed40 simultaneously41 asset42 identified43overwhelming44 equivalent45 underlying【原文】Quite often, educators tell families of children who are learning English as a second language to speak only English, and not their native language, at home. Although these educators may have good (36) intentions, their advice to families is misguided, and it (37) stemsfrom misunderstandings about the process of language acquisition. Educators may fear that children hearing two languages will become (38) permanentlyconfused and thus their language development will be (39) delayed; this concern is not documented in the literature. Children are capable of learning more than one language, whether (40) simultaneouslyor sequentially(依次地). In fact, most children outside of the United States are expected to become bilingual or even, in many cases, multilingual. Globally, knowing more than one language is viewed as an (41) assetand even a necessity in many areas.It is also of concern that the misguided advice that students should speak only English is given primarily to poor families with limited educational opportunities, not to wealthier families who have many educational advantages. Since children from poor families often are (42) identified as at-risk for academic failure, teachers believe that advising families to speak English only is appropriate. Teachers consider learning two languages to be too (43) overwhelming for children from poor families, believing that the children are already burdened by their home situations.If families do not know English or have limited English skills themselves, how can theycommunicate in English? Advising non-English-speaking families to speak only English is (44) equivalent to telling them not to communicate with or interact with their children. Moreover, the (45) underlying message is that the family’s native language is not important or valued.【阅读匹配文章点评】本文涉及近年来较热的话题“第二外语习得”及“幼儿早教”，批判了一些所谓“教育专家”教育幼儿学习英语的方式，说明要求家长不说母语，只说英语的教育方式并不科学。

2013年12月英语六级真题答案完整版及解析

A) Asset I) permanentlyB) Delayed j) prevalentC) Deviates k) simultaneouslyD) Equivalent L) stemsE) Identified M) successivelyF) Intentions N) underlyingG) Object O) visualizingH) overwhelmingQuite often, educators tell families of children who are learning English as a second language to speak only English, and not their native language, at home. Although these educators may havemisunderstandings about the process of language acquisition. Educators may fear that childrenIn fact, most children outside of the United States are expected to become bilingual or even, in many cases, multilingual. Globally, knowing more than one language is viewed as an (41) asset and even a necessity in many areas. It is also of concern that the misguided advice that students should speak only English is given primarily to poor families with limited educational opportunities, not to wealthier families who have many educational advantages. Since childrenadvising families to speak English only is appropriate. Teachers consider learning two languagesalready burdened by their home situations.If families do not know English or have limited English skills themselves, how can they communicate in English? Advising non-English-speaking familiesimportant or valued.Just over a decade into the 21st century, women’s progress can be celebrated across a range of fields. They hold the highest political offices from Thailand to Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia.A woman holds the top spot at the International Monetary Fund; another won the Nobel Prize in economics. Self-made billionaires in Beijing, tech innovators in Silicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana—in these and countless other areas, women are leaving their mark.But hold the applause. In Saudi Arabia, women aren’t allowed to drive. In Pakistan, 1,000women die in honor killings every year. In the developed world, women lag behind men in pay and political power. The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to 14.5% last year.To measure the state of women’s progress. Newsweek ranked 165 countries, looking at five areas that affect women’s lives; treatment under th e law, workforce participation, political power, and access to education and health care. Analyzing data from the United Nations and the WorldEconomic Forum, among others, and consulting with experts and academics, we measured 28 factors to come up with our rankings.Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined(神圣化). But there were some surprises. Some otherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for political representation. Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba and Burundi. Does this suggest that a woman in a nation’s top office translates to better lives for women in general? Not exact ly.“Trying to quantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hard because in very few countries have there been enough women in politics to make a difference,”says Anne-Marie Goetz, peace and security adviser for U.N. Women.Of course, no index can account for everything. Declaring that one country is better than another in the way that it treats more than half its citizens means relying on broad strokes and generalities. Some things simply can’t be measured. And cross-cultural comparisons can t account for difference of opinion.Certain conclusions are nonetheless clear. For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profound statement made by Hillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. “When we liberate the economic pot ential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations, and the world,” she said. “There’s a stimulative effect that kicks in when women have greater access to jobs and the economic lives of our countries: Greater political stability. Fewer military conflicts. More food.More educational opportunity for children. By harnessing the economic potential of all women, we boost opportunity for all people.”61. What does the author think about women’s progress so far?A) It still leaves much to be desired.B) It is too remarkable to be measured.C) It has greatly changed women’s fate.D) It is achieved through hard struggle.62. In what countries have women made the greatest progress?A) Where women hold key posts in government.B) Where women’s rights are protected by law.C) Where women’s participation in management is high.D) Where women enjoy better education and health care.63. What do Newsweek rankings reveal about women in Canada?A) They care little about political participation.B) They are generally treated as equals by men.C) They have a surprisingly low social status.D) They are underrepresented in politics.64. What does Anne-Marie Goetz think of a woman being in a nation’s top office?A) It does not necessarily raise women’s political awareness.B) It does not guarantee a better life for the nation’s women.C) It enhances women’s status.D) It boosts women’s confidence.65. What does Hillary Clinton suggest we do to make the world a better place?A) Give women more political power. B) Stimulate women’s creativity.C) Allow women access to education. D) Tap women’s economic potential.。

2013年12月英语六级考试完整真题及参考答案

2013年12月英语六级考试一、Writing(共1题，合计15分)1For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on happiness by referring tothe saying "Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them. "You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can developyour ability to deal with problems and be happy. You should write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 words.__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________二、听力部分(共2题，合计35分)回答2-26题：2A. The rock band needs more hours of practice.B.The rock band is going to play here for a month.C.Their hard work has resulted in a big success.D.He appreciates the woman's help with the band.3A. Go on a diving tour in Europe.B.Travel overseas on his own.C.Add 300 dollars to his budget.D.Join a package tour to Mexico.4A. In case some problem should occur.B.Something unexpected has happened.C.To avoid more work later on.D.To make better preparations.5A. The woman asked for a free pass to try out the facilities.B.The man is going to renew his membership in a fitness center.C.The woman can give the man a discount if he joins the club now.D.The man can try out the facilities before he becomes a member.6A. He is not afraid of challenge.B.He is not fit to study science.C.He is worried about the test.D.He is going to drop the physics course.7A. Pay for part of the picnic food.B.Invite Gary's family to dinner.C.Buy something special for Gary.D.Take some food to the picnic.8A. Bus drivers' working conditions.B. A labor dispute at a bus company.C.Public transportation.D. A corporate takeover.9A. The bank statement.B.Their sales overseas.C.The payment for an order.D.The check just deposited.10．Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A. A hotel receptionist.B. A private secretary.C. A shop assistant.D. A sales manager.11A. Voice.B.Intelligence.C.Appearance.D.Manners,12A. Arrange one more interview.B.Offer the job to David Wallace.C.Report the matter to their boss.D.Hire Barbara Jones on a trial basis.13．Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A. He invented the refrigerator.B. He patented his first invention.C.He got a degree in Mathematics.D.He was admitted to university.14A. He distinguished himself in low temperatu, re physics.B.He fell in love with Natasha Willoughby.C.He became a professor of Mathematics.D.He started to work on refrigeration.15A. Finding the true nature of subatoraic particles.B.Their work on very high frequency radio waves.ying the foundations of modern mathematics.D.Their discovery of the laws of cause and effect.16A. To teach at a university.B.To patent his inventions.C.To spend his remaining years.D.To have a three-week holiday.17．Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.A. They have fallen prey to wolves,B. They have become a tourist attraction.C.They have caused lots of damage to crops.D.They have become a headache to the community.18A. To celebrate their victory.B.To cheer up the hunters.C.To scare the wolves.D.To alert the deer19A. They would help to spre, ada fatal disease.B.They would pose a threat to the children.C.They would endanger domestic animals.D.They would eventually kill off the deer.20．Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.A. She is an interpreter.B.She is a tourist guide.C.She is a domestic servant.D.She is from the royal family.21A. It was used by the family to hold dinner parties.B.It is situated at the foot of a beautiful mountain.C.It was frequently visited by heads of state.D.It is furnished like one in a royal palace.22A. It is elaborately decorated.B.It has survived some 2,000 years.C.It is very big, with only six slim legs.D.It is shaped like an ancient Spanish boat.23A. They are uncomfortable to sit in for long.B.They do not match the oval table at all.C.They have lost some of their legs.D.They are interesting to look at.24．Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A. It is an uncommon infectious disease.B. It destroys the patient's ability to think,C. It is a disease very difficult to diagnose.D. It is the biggest crippler of young adults.25A. Search for the best cure.B.Hurry up and live life.C.Write a book about her life.D.Exercise more and work harder.26A. Aggressive.B.Adventurous.C.Sophisticated.D.Self-centered.回答27-36题It's difficult to estimate the number of youngsters involved in home schooling, where children are notsent to school and receive their formal education from one or both parents.26__________and court decisionshave made it legally possible in most states for parents to educate their children at home, and each yearmore people take advantage of that opportunity. Some states require parents or a home tutor to meetteacher certification standards, and many require parents to complete legal forms to verify that their children are receiving27__________in state-approved curricula.Supporters of home education claim that it's less expensive and far more 28__________ than mass publiceducation. Moreover, they cite several advantages: alleviation of school overcrowding, strengthenedfaintly relationships, lower 29_________ rates, the fact that students are allowed to learn at their ownrate,increased 30 _________, higher standardized test scores, and reduced 31_________ problems.Critics of the home schooling movement 32_________ that it creates as many problem as it solves.Theyacknowledge tha|, in a few cases, home schooling offers educational opportunities superior to those foundin most public schools, but few parents can provide such educational advantages. Some parents whowithdraw their children from the schools 33_________ home schooling have an inadequate educationalbackground and insufficient formal training to provide a satisfactory education for their children.Typically, parents have fewer technological resources 34_________than do schools. However, the relativelyinexpensive computer techoology that is readily available today is causing some to challenge the notionthat home schooling is in any way35_________ more highly structured classroom education.三、阅读理解(共4题，合计35分)Questions 37-46 are based on the following passage.Some performance evaluations require supervisors to take action. Employees who receive a veryfavorable evaluation may deserve some type of recognition or even a promotion. If supervisors do notacknowledge such outstanding performance, employees may either lose their 36_________ and reduce theireffort or search for a new job at a firm that will 37_________ them for high performance. Supervisors shouldacknowledge high performance so that the employee will continue to perform well in the future.Employees who receive unfavorable evaluations must also be given attention. Supervisors must38_________ the reasons for poor performance. Some reasons, such as a family illness, may have a temporaryadverse 39_________ on performance and can be corrected. Other reasons, such as a bad attitude, may not betemporary. When supervisors give employees an unfavorable evaluation, they must decide whether to takeany 40 _________action,s. If the, employees were unaware of their own deficiencies, the unfavorable evaluationcan pinpoint (指出) the deficiencies that employees must correct. In this case, the supervisor may simplyneed to monitor the employees 41_________and ensure that the deficiencies are corrected.If the employees were already aware of their deficiencies before the evaluation period, however, theymay be unable or unwilling to correct them. This situation is more serious, and the supervisor may need totake action. The action should be 42_________with the firm's guidelines and may include reassigning theemployees to new jobs,43_________them temporarily, or firingthem. A supervisor's action toward a poorlyperforming worker can 44_________ the attitudes of other employees. If no 45_________is imposed on an employeefor poor performance, other employees may react bv reducing their productivity as well.A． additionalB． affectC． aptlyD．assimilateE． circulationF． closelyG． consistentH, enthusiasmI．identifyJ．impactK．penaltyL． rewardM． simplifyingN． suspendingO．vulnerable回答47-56题The College Essay: Why Those,500 Words Drive Us Crazy[A] Meg is a lawyer-mom in suburban Washington, D. C., where lawyer-morns are thick on the ground.Her son Doug is one of several hundred thousand high-school seniors who had a painful fall. Thedeadline for applying to his favorite college was Nov.1, and by early October he had yet to fill outthe application. More to the point, he had yet to settle on a subject for the personal essayaccompanying the application. According to college folklore, awell-turned essay has the power toseduce (诱惑) an admissions committee. "He wanted to do one thing at a time," Meg says,explaining her son's delay. "But really, my son is a huge procrastinator (拖延者). The essay is thehardest thing to do, so he's put it off the longest. " Friends and other veterans of the process havewarned Meg that the back and forth between editing parent and writing student can be traumatic ( 痛苦的).[B] Back in the good old days--say, two years ago, when the last of my children suffered the ordea/( 折磨)--a high-school student applying to college could procrastinate all the way to New Year's Day oftheir senior year, assuming they could withstand the parental pestering (烦扰). But things changefast in thenail-biting world of college admissions. The recent trend toward early decision and earlyaction among selective colleges and universities has pushed the traditional deadline ofJanuary up toNov.1 or early December for many students.[C]If the time for heel-dragging has been shortened, the true source of the anxiety and panicremainswhat it has always been. And it's not the application itself. A college application is a relativelystraightforward questionnaire asking for the basics: name, address, family history, employmenthistory. It would all be innocent enough--20 minutes of busy work--except it comes attached to apersonal essay.[D]"There are good reasons it causes such anxiety," says Lisa Sohmer, director of collegecounseling atthe Garden School in Jackson Heights, N.Y. "It's not just the actual writing. By now everything elseis already set. Your course load is set, your grades are set, your test scores are set. But the essay issomething you can still control, and it's open-ended. So the temptation is to write and rewrite andrewrite. " Or stall and stall and stall.[E]The application essay, along with its mythical importance, is a recent invention. In the 1930s,whenonly one in 10 Americans had a degree from a four-year college, an admissions committee wascontent to ask for a sample of applicants' school papers to assess their writing ability. By the 1950s,most schools required a brief personal statement of why the student had chosen to apply to oneschool over another.[F] Today nearly 70 percent of graduating seniors go off to college, including two-year and fouryeariustitutions. Even ap .art from the increased competition, the kids enter a process that has been utterlytransformed from the one baby boomers knew. Nearly all application materials are submitted online,and the Common Application provides a one-size-fits form accepted by more than 400 schools,including the nation's most selective.[G]Those schools usually require essays of their own, but the longest essay,500 words maximum,isgenerally attached to the Common Application. Students choose one of six questions. Applicants areasked to describe an ethical dilemma they've faced and its impact on them, or discuss a public issueof special concern to them, or tell of a fictional character or creative work that has profoundlyinfluenced them. Another question invites them to write about theimportance (to them, again) ofdiversity -- a word that has assumed magic power in American higher education. The most popularoption: write on a topic of your choice.[H]“Boys in particular look at the other questions and say, ' Oh, that's too much work, ’ ” saysJohnBoshoven, a counselor in the Ann Arbor, Mich., public schools. "They think if they do a topic oftheir choice, ' I'll just go get that history paper I did last year on the Roman Empire and turn it into afirst-person application essay! ' And they end up producing something utterly ridiculous. "[I]Talking to admissions professionals like Boshoven, you realize that the list of "don'ts" inessaywriting is much longer than the "dos. ”“No book reports, no history papers, no character studies,"says Sohmer.[J]"It drives you crazy, how easily kids slip into cliches ( 老生常谈) ," says Boshoven. "Theydon'trealize how typical their experiences are. 'I scored the winning goal in soccer against our arch-rival. ’‘ My grandfather served in World War H, and I hope to be just like him someday.That maymean a lot to that particular kid. But in the world of the application essay, it's nothing.You'll losethe reader in the first paragraph. "[K]"The greatest strength you bring to this essay," says the College Board's how-to book, "is 17 years or so of familiarity with the topic: YOU. The form and style are very familiar, and best of all, you arethe world-class expert on the subject of YOU... It has been the subject of your close scrutiny everymorning since you were tall enough to see into the bathroom mirror. " The key word in the CommonApplication prompts is "you. "[L]The college admission essay contains the grandest American themes--status anxiety, parentalpiety(孝顺), intellectual standards--and so it is only a matter of time before it becomes infected by thecountry's culture of excessive concern with self-esteem. Even if the question is ostensibly ( 表面上)about something outside the self ( describe a fictional character or solve a problem of geopolitics),the essay invariably returns to the favorite topic: what is its impact on YOU?[M]"For all the anxiety the essay causes," says Bill McClintick of Mercersburg AcademyinPennsylvania, "it's a very small piece of the puzzle. I was in college admissions for 10 years. I sawldds and parents beat themselves up over this.And at the vast majority of places, it is simply not abig variable in the college's decision-making process. "[ N] Many admissions officers say they spend less than a couple of minutes on each application, includingthe essay. According to a recent survey of admissions officers, only one in four private colleges saythe essay is of "considerable importance" in judging an application. Among public colleges anduniversities, the number drops to roughly one in 10. By contrast,86 percent place"considerableimportance" on an applicant's grades,70 percent on "strength of curriculum. "[O] Still, at the most selective schools, where thousands of candidates may submit identically high gradesand test scores, a marginal item like the essay may serve as a tie-breaker between two equallyqualified candidates. The thought is certainly enough to keep the pot boiling under parents like Meg,the lawyer-mom, as she tries to help her son choose an essay topic. For a moment the other day, shethought she might have hit on a good one. "His father's from France," she says. "I said maybe youcould write about that, as something that makes you different. You know；half French, halfAmerican. I said, ' You could write about your identity issues. ' He said, ' I don't have any identityissues!' And he's right. He's a well-adjnsted， normal kid. But that doesn't make for a good essay,does it?" 47Today many universities require their applicants to write an essay of up to five hundred words.48．One recent change in college admissions is that selective colleges and universities have moved the traditional deadline to earlier dates.49．Applicants and their parents are said to believe that the personal essay can sway the admissions committee.50．Applicants are usually better off if they can write an essay that distinguishes them from the rest.51．Not only is the competition getting more intense, the application process today is also totally different from what baby boomers knew.52．In writing about their own experiences many applicants slip into cliches, thus falling to engage the reader.53．According to a recent survey, most public colleges and universities consider an applicant's grades highly important.54．Although the application essay causes lots of anxiety, it does not play so important a role in thecollege's decision-making process.55．The question you are supposed to write about may seem outside the self, but the theme of the essay should center around its impact on you.56．In the old days, applicants only had to submit a sample of their school papers to show their writing ability.根据下列材料，回答57-61题Among the government's most interesting reports is one that estimates what parents spend on theirchildren. Not surprisingly, the costs are steep. For a middle-class, hnsband-and-wife family (averagepretax income in 2009: $76,250), spending per child is about $12,000 a year. With inflation the family's spending on a child will total $ 286,050 by age 17.The dry statistics ought to inform the ongoing deficit debate, because a budget is not just a catalog ofprograms and taxes. It reflects a society's priorities and values. Our society does not-despite rhetoric(说辞) to the contrary--put much value on raising children. Present bridget policies tax parents heavily tosupport the elderly. Meanwhile, tax breaks for children are modest. If deficit reduction aggravates thesebiases, more Americans may choose not to have children or to have fewer children. Down that path lieseconomic decline.Societies that cannot replace their populations discourage investment and innovation. They havestagnant (萧条的) or shrinking markets for goods and services. With older populations, they resistchange. To stabilize its population--discounting immigration--women must have an average of twochildren. That's a fertility rate of 2.0. Many countries with struggling economies are well below that.Though having a child is a deeply personal decision, it's shaped by culture, religion, economics, andgovernment policy. "No one has a good answer" as to why fertility varies among countries, sayssociologist Andrew Cherlin of The Johns Hopkins University. Eroding religious belief in Europe may partlyexplain lowered birthrates. In Japan young women may be rebelling against their mothers' isolated lives ofchild rearing. General optimism and pessimism count. Hopefulness fueled America's baby boom. After theSoviet Union's collapse, saysCherlin, "anxiety for the future" depressed birthrates in Russia and EasternEurope.In poor societies, people have children to improve their economicwell-being by increasing thenumber of family workers and providing support for parents in their old age. In wealthy societies, the logicoften reverses. Govenunent now supports the elderly, diminishing the need for children. By some studies,the safety nets for retirees have reduced fertility rates by 0.5 children in the United States and almost 1.0in Western Europe, reports economist Robert Stein in the journal National Affairs. Similarly, somecouples don't have children because they don't want to sacrifice their own lifestyles to the time andexpense of a family.Young Americans already face a bleak labor market that cannot instill (注入) confidence abouthaving children. Piling on higher taxes won't help, "If higher taxes make it more expensive to raisechildren," says Nicholas Eberstadt of the American Enterprise Institute, "people will think twice abouthaving another child. " That seems like common sense, despite the multiple influences on becomingparents.57．What do we learn from the government report?A. Inflation increases families' expenses.B.Raising children is getting expensive.C.Budget reduction is around the corner.D.Average family expenditure is increasing.58．What is said to be the consequence of a shrinking population?A. Weakened national strength.B.Increased immigration.C.Economic downturn.D.Social instability.59．What accounted for America's baby boom?A. Optimism for the future.B.Improved living conditions.C.Religious beliefs.D.Economic prosperity.60．Why do people in wealthy countries prefer to have fewer children?A. They want to further improve their economic well-being.B. They cannot afford the time and expenses of rearing children.C. They are concerned about the future of the coming generation.D. They don't rely on their children to support them in old age.61．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A. To instill confidence in the young about raising children.B. To advise couples to think twice before having children.C.To encourage the young to take care of the elderly.D.To appeal for tax reduction for raising children.Questions 62-66are based on the following passage.Space exploration has always been the province of dreamers: The human imagination readily soarswhere human ingenuity (创造力) struggles to follow.A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the firstscience fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a goodthree centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by thedecade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated (共鸣) with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther KingJr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and transformedAmerican society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up at odds with each other.The fight forracial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urgeto explore space is just the opposite, It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims. When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollomissions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with nosuccessor. The perpetual argument is that funds are tight, that we have more pressing problems here onEarth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensableluxury--as if saving one-thousandth of a single year's budget would solve our problems. But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the mostbang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whateverexplorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting abottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could liewithin reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us--not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreamsfeed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans cantranscend what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy,the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve alot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we willactually achieve it.62．The author mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show that__________ A. imagination is the mother of inventionB.ingenuity is essential for science fiction writersC.it takes patience for humans to realize their dreamsD.dreamers have always been interested in science fiction63．How did the general public view Kennedy's space exploration plan? A.It symbolized the American spirit.B. It was as urgent as racial equality.C.It sounded very much like a dream.D.It made an ancient dream come true.64．What does the author say about America's aim to explore space?A. It may not bring about immediate economic gains.B. It cannot be realized without technological innovation.C.It will not help the realization of racial and economic equality.D.It cannot be achieved without a good knowledge of the other worlds.65．What is the author's attitude toward space programs?A. Critical.B.Reserved.C.Unbiased.D.Supportive.66．What does the author think of the problems facing human beings?A. They pose a serious challenge to future human existence.B. They can be solved sooner or later with human ingenuity.C.Their solutions need joint efforts of the public and private sectors.D.They can only be solved by people with optimism and ambition.四、翻译(共1题，合计15分)67．中国园林(the Chinese garden)是经过三千多年演变丽成的独具一格的园林景观(1andscape)。

历年六级翻译真题汇总答案校订版

历年六级翻译真题答案汇总（2012-2015）2013年12月英语六级考试翻译真题及译文试卷一:丝绸之路【参考译文】The world-famous Silk Road refers to a series of routes that connects the Eastand the West. The Silk Road extends for over 6,000 kilometers and derived its name from the ancient China’s sil k trade. The trade that occurred on the Silk Road played an important role in the development process of the civilization of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It is by way of the Silk Road that China’s four great inventions, namely papermaking, powder, compass and printing technology, were introduced to all over the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain also spread to the whole world. Material and cultural exchanges are two-way, for Europe also satisfied the demands of Chinese market by exporting various commodities and plants to China through the exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road.试卷二:中秋节【参考译文】Since ancient times, Chinese people have celebrated their harvest during themid-Autumn, which is quite similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving Day in North America. The custom of celebrating Mid-Autumn Festival started gaining its popularity in the early Tang Dynasty around China. The Mid-Autumn Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, is a festival for Chinese people to worship the moon. During the night of the day when the bright moon is shining in the sky, there will be family reunions and family members will enjoy the bright moon together. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn Festival was listed as a Chinese cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was designated as a public holiday. The moon cake is seen as the indispensable fine food for the Mid-Autumn Festival. People send moon cakes as gifts to their relatives and friends or they eat moon cakes enjoyed at family gatherings. Traditional moon cakes are imprinted with Chinese characters conveying such meanings as “longevity”, “blessing” or “harmony”.试卷三: 中国园林【参考译文】The Chinese garden is a unique landscape in virtue of evolution of more than threethousand years. It includes not only the large gardens built by the royal family for enjoyment, but also the private ones built by scholars, businessmen and former government officials for gettingrid of the hustle and bustle of the outside world. These gardens constituted a kind of miniaturized landscape which aims at displaying the due harmonious relationship between human and nature. Typical Chinese gardens are surrounded by walls. In the gardens there are ponds, rockworks, trees, flowers and plants, and various architectures that are connected by winding paths or corridors. When rambling in the gardens, people can enjoy a series of elaborately designed landscapes which are presented in front of them like a landscape painting scroll.2014年6月英语六级考试翻译真题及译文试卷一:中国科学院Recently, Chinese Academy of Science recently has published a series of annual reports about its latest scientific discoveries and a blueprint for the coming year. The reports consist of three parts: science development, high-technology development and China’s sustainable development strategy. The first one includes the latest discoveries by Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particle and the breakthrough of the H7N9 virus research. The report also highlights the issues that need to be concerned in the next few years. The second one announces some hot areas of applied science research, for instance, three-D printing and artificial organ research. The last one suggests enhancing top level designs to remove structural barriers arising from industrial upgrading and promote energy conservation and emissions reduction.试卷二:治理污染Beijing has planned to invest 760 billion yuan to tackle pollution in the coming three years, starting from reducing the PM 2.5 emissions. This newly released plan is aimed at reducing four major pollution resources, including the exhaust emissions from more than 5 million motor vehicles, the burning of coals in the surrounding areas, the sandstorms from the North and the local construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan will be used to build or upgrade the facilities for treatment of urban garbage and sewage and additional 30 billion yuan will be invested in forestation in the next three years.The municipal government also plans to set up a group of water recycling factories and curb peccancy buildings in order to improve the environment. In addition, Beijing will punish more severely the behaviors that violate the regulations of emission limitation.试卷三:中文热词Chinese hot words usually reflect social changes and culture, and some of them are becoming increasingly popular in foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they have gained new meanings.Tuhao used to mean landlords in the countryside who oppress their tenants and servants, but now it refers to those who spending money without control or those who like to show off their wealth. That is to say, a tuhao owns a lot of money but has no taste. Dama is used to describe middle-aged women, but now it refers specifically to those Chinese ladies who bought gold in bulk when gold price fell not long ago.The words tuhao and dama may be included in the new Oxford English Dictionary. So far, about 120 Chinese words have been added to Oxford English Dictionary, becoming a part of the English language.2014年12月英语六级考试翻译真题及译文试卷一:经济发展Since the reform was launched in 1978, China has transformed from the planned economy into a market-based economy and undergone rapid economic and social development. An average GDP growth rate of 10% a year has lifted more than five hundred million people out of poverty. The UN Millennium Development Goals have been achieved or are about to be reached in China. At present, the 12th five-year plan in China stresses the development of service industry and the solutions to environmental and social imbalance. The government has set goals to reduce pollution and enhance energy efficiency, improve the chances of education and health care and expand social security. The current 7% of annual economic growth target of China demonstrates that the government values the quality of life rather than the rate of growth.试卷二:乡村生活理想The ideal rural life reflected in art and literature is an important characteristic of Chinese civilization. It is largely attributed to the Taoist’s affection to nature. There are two most preferred themes in traditional Chinese paintings. One depicts various happy scenes of family life in which usually the elderly drink tea and play chess, young men farm and harvest in the fields; women weave or sew clothes and kids play outdoors. The other depicts various recreation of rural life. In these paintings, fishermen fish on the lake; farmers cut firewood or collect herbs in the hills, or scholars chant poems or paint under pine trees. These two themes can represent the ideal life of Confucianism and Taoism respectively.试卷三:教育China will try to make sure that employees receive 13.3 years of education on average by 2015. If the goal is achieved, most people who enter the labor market will have to acquire a college diploma in the future.In the next few years, China will attach great importance to increasing the student enrollments of vocational colleges: apart from focusing on higher education, China will also seek new breakthroughs to ensure a fairer education system. China is endeavoring to make the best use of educational resources and therefore rural and underdeveloped areas will receive more supports.The Ministry of Education has also determined to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas and provide equal opportunities for children of migrant workers to receive education in cities.2015年6月英语六级考试翻译真题及译文试卷一:中国城市化进程The 2011 is a historic moment in Chinese urbanization process, when the urban population surpassed the rural population for the first time. During the next 20 years, it is estimated that about 350 million rural population will move to cities. Such large-scale of urbanization is both a challenge and an opportunity to the urban traffic. The Chinese government has always been advocating “people-oriented” developing concept, emphasizing that people should travel by buses instead of by private cars. It also calls for the construction of “resource saving and environment friendly” society. With this expli cit goal, China can have a better-planned urbanization process, and therefore divert more investment to the development of safe, clean and economical transportation system.试卷二:汉朝The Han Dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history. There were many significant achievements during the region of this Dynasty. It was the first dynasty to open the door to other cultures. And its foreign trade was prosperous. The Han Dynasty developed the Silk Road that reached the Middle and Western Asia and even Rome. Various forms of art thrived during that time when many great works on literature, history and philosophy sprang up. China’s first dictionary was compiled in 100 A.D.,containing 9000 characters, for which it provided meanings and displayed different ways of hand-writing. At the same time, development of science and technology had made great progress. Paper, water clocks, sundials and instruments used to detect earthquakes were invented. The Han Dynasty lasted for 400 years. However, its rulers’corruption eventually led to its destruction.试卷三:中国待客之道In China, variety of foods and dishes is needed in traditional ways of entertaining guests andmakes them impossible to finish the dinner. Typical menus of Chinese banquet include cold dishes to start and the following hot ones. For example, meat, chicken, duck and vegetables.In most banquets, a whole fish dish is considered indispensable, unless various kinds of seafood have been served. Nowadays, Chinese people tend to mix Western specials with traditional Chinese cuisine. Thus, steak is not rare. Traditionally, although the Chinese do not eat any of the uncooked dishes, salads have also become popular. The banquet usually has at least a bowl of soup that can be offered as the first or the final dish. Desserts and fruits usually mean the end of the feast.2012年6月英语六级考试翻译真题及译文试卷一:1.I think that the meal___________________________________(没有折扣的情况下值$80).2.________________________________________ (面对来自其他公司的激烈竞争), the automobile manufacturer is considering launching a promotion campaign.3.As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister________________________________ (几乎没有什么共同之处).4.Only after many failures______________________________________ (我才认识到仅凭运气是不能成功的).5.But for the survival instinct which nearly all creatures have,_________________________(更多的物种就可能已经在地球上灭绝了).翻译解析：1. is well worth $80 without a discount【点评】well worth，“值”，后跟动名词或名词；discount 折扣。

2013年12月全国大学生英语六级考试试卷+答案详解

2013年12月全国大学生英语六级考试试卷Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For For this this this part, part, part, you you you are are are allowed allowed allowed 30 30 30 minutes minutes minutes to to to write write write a a composition composition on on on the the the topic topic Digital Age. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1．如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，例如……2．数字化产品的使用对人们的工作、学习、生活产生的影响。

．数字化产品的使用对人们的工作、学习、生活产生的影响。

Digital Age __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A) Proceed in his own way. C) Compromise with his colleague. B) Stick to the original plan. D) Try to change his colleague ’s mind. 2. A) Mary has a keen eye for style. C) Nancy and Mary went shopping together in Rome. B) Nancy regrets buying the dress. D) Nancy and Mary like to follow the latest fashion. 3. A) Wash the dishes. C) Pick up George and Martha. B) Go to the theatre. D) Take her daughter to hospital. 4. A) She enjoys making up stories about other people. B) She can never keep anything to herself for long. C) She is eager to share news with the woman. D) She is the best informed woman in town. 5. A) A car dealer. C) A driving examiner. B) A mechanic. D) A technical consultant. 6. A) The shopping mall has been deserted recently. B) Shoppers can only find good stores in the mall. C) Lots of people moved out of the downtown area. D) There isn ’t much business downtown nowadays. 7. A) He will help the woman with her reading. B) The lounge is not a place for him to study in. C) He feels sleepy whenever he tries to study. D) A cozy place is rather hard to find on campus. 8. A) To protect her from getting scratches. C) To prevent mosquito bites. B) To help relieve her of the pain. D) To avoid getting sunburnt. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) In a studio. C) At a beach resort. B) In a clothing store. D) At a fashion show. 10. A) To live there permanently. C) To find a better job to support herself. B) To stay there for half a year. D) To sell leather goods for a British company. 11. A) Designing fashion items for several companies. B) Modeling for a world-famous Italian company. C) Working as an employee for Ferragamo. D) Serving as a sales agent for Burberrys. 12. A) It has seen a steady decline in its profits. B) It has become much more competitive. C) It has lost many customers to foreign companies. D) It has attracted a lot more designers from abroad. Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) It helps her to attract more public attention. B) It improves her chance of getting promoted. C) It strengthens her relationship with students. D) It enables her to understand people better. 14. 14. A) A) A) Passively. Passively. B) B) Positively. Positively. C) C) Skeptically. Skeptically. D) D) Sensitively. Sensitively. 15. A) It keeps haunting her day and night. B) Her teaching was somewhat affected by it. C) It vanishes the moment she steps into her role. D) Her mind goes blank once she gets on the stage. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years. B) To reform railroad management in western European countries. C) To electrify the railway lines between major European cities. D) To set up an express train network throughout Europe. 17. A) Major European airlines will go bankrupt. B) Europeans will pay much less for traveling. C) Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half. D) Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe. 18. A) Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel. B) Passengers will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane. C) Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport. D) Traveling by train may be as quick as, or even quicker than, by air. 19. A) In 1981. B) In 1989. C) In 1990. D) In 2000. Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) There can be no speedy recovery for mental patients. B) Approaches to healing patients are essentially the same. C) The mind and body should be taken as an integral whole. D) There is no clear division of labor in the medical profession. 21. A) A doctor ’s fame strengthens the patients ’ faith in them. B) Abuse of medicines is widespread in many urban hospitals. C) One third of the patients depend on harmless substances for cure. D) A patient ’s expectations of a drug have an effect on their recovery. 22. A) Expensive drugs may not prove the most effective. B) The workings of the mind may help patients recover. C) Doctors often exaggerate the effect of their remedies. D) Most illnesses can be cured without medication. Passage Three Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) Enjoying strong feelings and emotions. C) Being fond of making sensational news. B) Defying all dangers when they have to. D) Dreaming of becoming famous one day. 24. A) Working in an emergency room. C) Listening to rock music. B) Watching horror movies. D) Doing daily routines. 25. A) A rock climber. B) A psychologist. C) A resident doctor. D) A career consultant. Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the the first first first time, time, time, you you you should should should listen listen listen carefully carefully carefully for for for its its its general general general idea. idea. idea. When When When the the the passage passage passage is is read read for for the second second time, time, time, you you you are are are required required required to to to fill fill fill in in in the the the blanks blanks blanks with with with the the the exact exact exact words words words you you you have have have just just just heard. heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Harvard Harvard and and the the Massachusetts Massachusetts Massachusetts Institute Institute Institute of of of Technology Technology Technology are are are top top top of of of a a global global league league league table table table of of university reputation —in a top 100 26 by U.S. institutions. Cambridge and Oxford make the top 10—but other U.K. universities have 27 , while Asian institutions have risen. The The rankings rankings rankings are are are based based based on on on the the 28 of of 17,000 17,000 17,000 academics. academics. academics. This This This list list list is is is an an an attempt attempt attempt to to quantify quantify the the the elusive elusive elusive but but but important important important quality quality quality of of 29 in in higher higher higher education education education——with with its its its findings findings 30 the opinions of academics around the world. The fast such ranking by the Times Higher Education magazine, published last year, had the same top five as this year —with the two Boston-based 31 , Harvard and M1T, in first and second place. Cambridge Cambridge was was was once once once again again again the the the highest highest highest ranking ranking ranking U.K. U.K. U.K. university university university in in in third third third place, place, 32 Stanford Stanford and and and University University University of of of California, California, California, Berkeley. Berkeley. Berkeley. But But But Phil Phil Phil Baty, Baty, Baty, editor editor editor of of of the the the Times Times Times Higher Higher Education Education rankings, rankings, rankings, says says says there there there is is is an an 33 picture picture of of of U.K. U.K. U.K. universities universities universities downwards downwards downwards——with fewer fewer in in in the the the top top top 100 100 100 and and and a a 34 for for others others others including including including Imperial Imperial Imperial College College College London London London and and University University College College College London. London. London. "Our "Our "Our global global global reputation reputation reputation as as as the the the home home home of of of outstanding outstanding outstanding universities universities universities has has been hit," he said. Reflecting Reflecting the the the rise rise rise of of of Asian Asian Asian countries countries countries as as as the the the new new new education education education superpowers, superpowers, superpowers, there there there is is is an an increasing presence for countries such as People ’s Republic of China, Japan, Singapore and South Korea. 35 its its size size size and and and population, population, population, Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland is is is also also also seen seen seen as as as performing performing performing well, well, well, with with with three three universities in the world ’s top 100 universities. Such Such rankings published rankings published by by the the the Times Times Times Higher Education Higher Education magazine magazine do do do not have not have an official status, but they have become an increasingly significant part of how universities market themselves to students, particularly as higher education has become more globalized. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. letter. Please Please Please mark mark mark the the the corresponding corresponding corresponding letter letter letter for for for each each each item item item on on Answer Answer Sheet Sheet Sheet 2 2 2 with with with a a single single line line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. Women in 2011 made no significant gains in winning more top US business jobs, according to a study, but the head of the study said women are poised to make 36 in the year ahead. The number of women who were board directors, corporate officers or top earners at Fortune 500 companies remained 37 unchanged, said the study by Catalyst, a nonprofit group that 38 opportunities for women in business. The The percentage percentage percentage of of of companies companies companies with with with women women women on on the the board board board of of of directors directors directors was was was 15.1 15.1 15.1 percent percent percent this this year, compared with 14.8 percent in 2010, Catalyst said. Also, the percentage of corporate officer positions 39 by women was 15.7 percent in 2011 and 15.4percent in 2010, it said. The percentage of top earners in 2011 who were women was 6.2 percent, compared to 6.7percent in 2010, it said. The research on the Fortune 500 companies was 40 on data as of March 31, 2011. The slight changes in the numbers are not considered 41 significant, Catalyst said. Nevertheless, Nevertheless, given given given the the the changes changes changes in in in U. U. U. S. S. S. politics, politics, politics, the the the future future future for for for women women women in in in business business business looks looks more 42 , said Ilene Lang, president and chief executive 43 of Catalyst. "Overall we’re 44 to see change next year," Lang said. "When we look at shareholders, decision makers, the general public, they ’re looking for change. " "What "What they they they’’re re basically basically basically saying saying saying is, is, is, ‘‘Don Don’’t t give give give us us 45 of the the status status status quo quo quo ((现状). ). Get Get Get new new ideas in there, get some fresh faces, ’" she said. A) officer I) essentially B) changes J) strides C) based K) promotes D) positions L) statistically E) more M) confused F) promising N) held G) businesslike O) expecting H) surveying Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. How Marketers Target KidsA) A) Kids Kids Kids represent represent represent an an an important important important demographic demographic demographic to to to marketers marketers marketers because because because they they they have have have their their their own own purchasing power, they influence their parents ’ buying decisions and they are the adult consumers of of the the the future. future. future. Industry Industry Industry spending spending spending on on on advertising advertising advertising to to to children children children has has has exploded exploded exploded in in in the the the past past past decade, decade, increasing from a mere $100 million in 1990 to more than $2 billion in 2000. B) Parents today are willing to buy more for their kids because trends such as smaller family size, size, dual dual dual incomes incomes incomes and and and postponing postponing postponing children children children until until until later later later in in in life life life mean mean mean that that that families families families have have have more more disposable income. As well, guilt can play a role in spending decisions as time-stressed parents substitute material goods for time spent with their kids. Here are some of the strategies marketers employ to target kids: Pester(纠缠)PowerC) Today ’s kids have more autonomy and decision-making power within the family than in previous generations, so it follows that kids are vocal about what they want their parents to buy. "Pester power" refers to children ’ ability to nag their parents into purchasing items they may not otherwise buy. Marketing to children is all about creating pester power, because advertisers know what a powerful force it can be. D) According to the 2001 marketing industry book Kidfluence, pestering or nagging can be divided into two categories —"persistence" and "importance". Persistence nagging (a plea, that is repeated over and over again) is not as effective as the more sophisticated "importance nagging". This latter method appeals to parents ’ desire to provide the best for their children, and plays on any guilt they may have about not having enough time for their kids. The Marriage of Psychology and MarketingE) To effectively market to children, advertisers need to know what makes kids tick. With the help of well-paid researchers and psychologists, advertisers now have access to in-depth knowledge knowledge about about about children children children’’s s developmental, developmental, developmental, emotional emotional emotional and and and social social social needs needs needs at at at different different different ages. ages. ages. Using Using research that analyzes children ’s behaviour, fantasy ’ lives, art work, even their dreams, companies are able to craft sophisticated marketing strategies to reach young people. F) The issue of using child psychologists to help marketers target kids gained widespread public attention in 1999, when a group of U. S. mental health professionals issued a public letter to the American Psychological Association (APA) urging them to declare the practice unethical. The APA is currently studying the issue. Building Brand Name LoyaltyG) Canadian author Naomi Klein tracks the birth of "brand" marketing in her 2000 book No Logo. Logo. According According According to to to Klein, Klein, Klein, the the the mid-1980s mid-1980s mid-1980s saw saw saw the the the birth birth birth of of of a a a new new new kind kind kind of of of corporation corporation —Nike, Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, to name a few —which changed their primary corporate focus from producing producing products products products to to to creating creating creating an an an image image image for for for their their their brand brand brand name. name. name. By By By moving moving moving their their their manufacturing manufacturing operations to countries with cheap labour, they freed up money to create their powerful marketing messages. It has been a tremendously profitable formula, and has led to the creation of some of the most wealthy and powerful multi-national corporations the world has seen. H) Marketers plant the seeds of brand recognition in very young children, in the hopes that the the seeds seeds seeds will will will grow grow grow into into into lifetime lifetime lifetime relationships. relationships. relationships. According According According to to to the the the Center Center Center for for for a a a New New New American American Dream, Dream, babies babies babies as as as young young young as as as six six six months months months of of of age age age can can can form form form mental mental mental images images images of of of corporate corporate corporate logos logos logos and and mascots. Brand loyalties can be established as early as age two, and by the time children head off to to school school school most most most can can can recognize recognize recognize hundreds hundreds hundreds of of of brand brand brand logos. logos. logos. While While While fast fast fast food, food, food, toy toy toy and and and clothing clothing companies have been cultivating brand recognition in children for years, adult-oriented businesses such as banks and automakers are now getting in on the act. Buzz or Street Marketing I) The The challenge challenge challenge for for for marketers marketers marketers is is is to to to cut cut cut through through through the the the intense intense intense advertising advertising advertising clutter( clutter( 杂乱) ) in in young young people people people’’s s lives. lives. lives. Many Many Many companies companies companies are are are using using using "buzz "buzz "buzz marketing" marketing" —a a new new new twist twist twist on on on the the tried-and-true "word of mouth" method. The idea is to find the coolest kids in a community and have them use or wear your product in order to create a buzz around it. Buzz, or "street marketing", as as it it it’’s s also also also called, called, called, can can can help help help a a a company company company to to to successfully successfully successfully connect connect connect with with with the the the elusive elusive elusive ((难找的) ) teen teen market by using trendsetters to give them products "cool" status. J) Buzz marketing is particularly well-suited to the Internet, where young "Net promoters" use use chat chat chat rooms rooms rooms and and and blogs blogs blogs to to to spread spread spread the the the word word word about about about music, music, music, clothes clothes clothes and and and other other other products products products among among unsuspecting users. Commercialization in EducationK) K) School School School used used used to to to be be be a a a place place place where where where children children children were were were protected protected protected from from from the the the advertising advertising advertising and and consumer messages that permeated their world —but not anymore. Budget shortfalls ( 亏空，差额) are forcing school boards to allow corporations access to students in exchange for badly needed cash, computers and educational materials. L) Corporations realize the power of the school environment for promoting their name and products. products. A A A school school school setting setting setting delivers delivers delivers a a a captive captive captive youth youth youth audience audience audience and and and implies implies implies the the the endorsement endorsement endorsement of of teachers and the educational system. Marketers are eagerly exploiting this medium in a number of ways, ways, including: including: including: 1) 1) 1) sponsored sponsored sponsored educational educational educational materials; materials; materials; 2) 2) 2) supplying supplying supplying schools schools schools with with with technology technology technology in in exchange exchange for for for high high high company company company visibility; visibility; visibility; 3) 3) 3) advertising advertising advertising posted posted posted in in in classrooms, classrooms, classrooms, school school school buses, buses, buses, on on computers in exchange for funds; 4) contests and incentive programs: for example, the Pizza Hut reading incentives program in which children receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal; 5) sponsoring school events. The InternetM) The Internet is an extremely desirable medium for marketers wanting to target children. It It’’s part of youth culture. This generation of young people is growing up with the Internet as a daily daily and and and routine routine routine part part part of of of their their their lives. lives. lives. Kids Kids Kids are are are often often often online online online alone, alone, alone, without without without parental parental parental supervision. supervision. Unlike Unlike broadcasting broadcasting broadcasting media, media, media, which which which have have have codes codes codes regarding regarding regarding advertising advertising advertising to to to kids, kids, kids, the the the Internet Internet Internet is is unregulated. Sophisticated technologies make it easy to collect information from young people for marketing research, and to target individual children with personalized advertising. Marketing Adult Entertainment to KidsN) N) Children Children Children are are are often often often aware aware aware of of of and and and want want want to to to see see see entertainment entertainment entertainment meant meant meant for for for older older older audiences audiences because because it it it is is is actively actively actively marketed marketed marketed to to to them. them. them. In In In a a a report report report released released released in in in 2000, 2000, 2000, the the the U. U. U. S. S. S. Federal Federal Federal Trade Trade Commission (FTC) revealed how the movie, music and video games industries routinely market violent entertainment to young children. O) O) The The The FTC FTC FTC studied studied studied 44 44 44 films films films rated rated rated "Restricted", "Restricted", "Restricted", and and and discovered discovered discovered that that that 80 80 80 per per per cent cent cent were were targeted to children under 17. Marketing plans included TV commercials run during hours when young viewers were most likely to be watching. The FTC report also highlighted the fact that toys based on characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children. Mature rated video video games games games are are are advertised advertised advertised in in in youth youth youth magazines; magazines; magazines; and and and toys toys toys based based based on on on "Restricted" "Restricted" "Restricted" movies movies movies and and M-rated video games are marketed to children as young as four. 46. Guilt can affect parents’ spending decisions because they don ’t have enough time for their kids. 47. The Center for a New American Dream pointed out that brand loyalties could be formed as early as age two. 48. 48. School School School boards boards boards allow allow allow corporations corporations corporations to to to access access access to to to students students students because because because they they they need need need money money money and and educational materials badly. 49. 49. The The The FTC FTC FTC report report highlighted highlighted the the the fact fact fact that that that toys toys toys based based on on characters characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children. 50. For this generation of young people, the Interact is a daily and routine part of their lives. 51. According to Kidfluence, "persistence nagging" is less effective than the more sophisticated "importance nagging". 52. According to a report released by the U. S. Federal Trade Commission, the movie, music and video games industries usually market violent entertainment to young children. 53. 53. Buzz Buzz Buzz marketing marketing marketing is is is well-suited well-suited well-suited to to to the the the Internet Internet Internet because because because the the the interactive interactive interactive environment environment environment can can spread messages effectively. 54. 54. A A A group group group of of of U. U. U. S. S. S. mental mental mental health health health professionals professionals professionals think think think that that that it it it is is is unethical unethical unethical to to to use use use child child psychologists to help marketers target kids. 55. According to the Pizza Hut reading incentives program, children will receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished unfinished statements. statements. statements. For For For each each each of of of them them them there there there are are are four choices four choices marked marked A), A), A), B), C) and D). B), C) and D). Y ou should should decide decide decide on on on the the the best best best choice choice choice and and and mark mark mark the the the corresponding corresponding corresponding letter letter letter on on on Answer Answer Answer Sheet Sheet Sheet 2 2 2 with with with a a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Like Like most most most people, people, people, I I ’ve ve long long long understood understood understood that that that I I I will will will be be be judged judged judged by by by my my my occupation, occupation, occupation, that that that my my profession profession is is is a a a gauge gauge gauge people people people use use use to to to see see see how how how smart smart smart or or or talented talented talented I I I am. am. am. Recently, Recently, Recently, however, however, however, I I I was was disappointed to see that it also decides how I ’m treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they ’d never never say say say or or or do do do to to to their their their most most most casual casual casual acquaintances. acquaintances. acquaintances. One One One night night night a a a man man man talking talking talking on on on his his his cell cell cell phone phone waved me away, then beckoned ( 示意) me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I ’d been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon (勤杂工) by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I ’d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once Once I I I graduated graduated graduated I I I took took took a a a job job job at at at a a a community community community newspaper. newspaper. newspaper. From From From my my my first first first day, day, day, I I I heard heard heard a a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked —cordially. I soon found out differently. I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. 。

2013年12月改革六级新题型(五)——匹配阅读和翻译

2013年12月英语六级新题型模拟题（五）Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section B （原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。

篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。

）Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Marketers Target Kids[A] Kids represent an important demographic to marketers because they have their own purchasing power, they influence their parents# buying decisions and they are the adult consumers of the future. Industry spending on advertising to children has exploded in the past decade, increasing from a mere $100 million in 1990 to more than $2 billion in 2000.[B] Parents today are willing to buy more for their kids because trends such as smaller family size, dual incomes and postponing children until later in life mean that families have more disposable income. As well, guilt can play a role in spending decisions as time-stressed parents substitute material goods for time spent with their kids. Here are some of the strategies marketers employ to target kids: Pester(纠缠）Power[C] Today’s kids have more autonomy and decision-making power within the family than in previous generations, so it follows that kids are vocal about what they want their parents to buy. “Pester power”refers to children’s ability to nag their parents into purchasing items they may not otherwise buy. Marketing to children is all about creating pester power, because advertisers know what a powerful force it can be.[D] According to the 2001 marketing industry book Kidfluence, pestering or nagging can be divided into two categories—“persistence”and “importance”. Persistence nagging (a plea, that is repeated over and over again) is not as effective as the more sophi sticated “importance nagging”. This latter method appeals to parents’ desire to provide the best for their children, and plays on any guilt they may have about not having enough time for their kids.The Marriage of Psychology and Marketing[E] To effectively market to children, advertisers need to know what makes kids tick. With the help of well-paid researchers and psychologists, advertisers now have access to in-depth knowledge about children’s developmental, emotional and social needs at different ages. Using research that analyzes children’s behaviour, fantasy lives, art work, even their dreams, companies are able to craft sophisticated marketing strategies to reach young people.The issue of using child psychologists to help marketers target kids gained widespread public attention in 1999, when a group of U.S. mental healthprofessionals issued a public letter to the American Psychological Association (APA) urging them to declare the practice unethical. The APA is currently studying the issue.Building Brand Name Loyalty[G] Canadian author Naomi Klein tracks the birth of “brand”marketing in her 2000 book No Logo. According to Klein, the mid-1980s saw the birth of a new kind of corporation—Nike, Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, to name a few—which changed their primary corporate focus from producing products to creating an image for their brand name. By moving their manufacturing operations to countries with cheap labour, they freed up money to create their powerful marketing messages. It has been a tremendously profitable formula, and has led to the creation of some of the most wealthy and powerful multi-national corporations the world has seen.[H] Marketers plant the seeds of brand recognition in very young children, in the hopes that the seeds will grow into lifetime relationships. According to the Center for a New American Dream, babies as young as six months of age can form mental images of corporate logos and mascots. Brand loyalties can be established as early as age two, and by the time children head off to school most can recognize hundreds of brand logos. While fast food, toy and clothing companies have been cultivating brand recognition in children for years, adult-oriented businesses such as banks and automakers are now getting in on the act.Buzz or Street Marketing[I] The challenge for marketers is to cut through the intense advertising clutter (杂乱)in young people’s lives. Many companies are using “buzz marketing”—a new twist on the tried-and-true “word of mouth”method. The idea is to find the coolest kids in a community and have them use or wear your product in order to create a buzz around it. Buzz, or “street marketing”, as it’s also called, can help a company to successfully connect with the elusive (难找的)teen market by using trendsetters to give them products “cool” status.[J] Buzz marketing is particularly well-suited to the Internet, where young “Net promoters”use chat rooms and blogs to spread the word about music, clothes and other products among unsuspecting users.Commercialization in Education[K] School used to be a place where children were protected from the advertising and consumer messages that permeated their world—but not anymore. Budget shortfalls (亏空，差额)are forcing school boards to allow corporations access to students in exchange for badly needed cash, computers and educational materials.[L] Corporations realize the power of the school environment for promoting their name and products. A school setting delivers a captive youth audience and implies the endorsement of teachers and the educational system. Marketers are eagerly exploiting this medium in a number of ways, including: 1) sponsored educational materials; 2) supplying schools with technology in exchange for high company visibility; 3) advertising posted in classrooms, school buses, on computers in exchange for funds; 4) contests and incentive programs: for example, the Pizza Hut reading incentives program in which children receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal; 5) sponsoring school events.The Internet[M] The Internet is an extremely desirable medium for marketers wanting to target children. It’s part of youth culture.This generation of young people is growing up with the Internet as a daily and routine part of their lives. Kids are often online alone, without parental supervision. Unlike broadcasting media, which have codes regarding advertising to kids, the Internet is unregulated. Sophisticated technologies make it easy to collect information from young people for marketing research, and to target individual children with personalized advertising.Marketing Adult Entertainment to Kids[N] Children are often aware of and want to see entertainment meant for older audiences because it is actively marketed to them. In a report released in 2000, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) revealed how the movie, music and video games industries routinely market violent entertainment to young children.[O] The FTC studied 44 films rated “Restricted”, and discovered that 80 per cent were targeted to children under 17. Marketing plans included TV commercials run during hours when young viewers were most likely to be watching. The FTC report also highlighted the fact that toys based on characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children. Mature rated video games are advertised in youth magazines; and toys based on “Restricted” movies and M-rated video games are marketed to children as young as four.46. Guilt can affect parents" spending decisions because they don’t have enough time for their kids.47. The Center for a New American Dream pointed out that brand loyalties could be formed as early as age two.48. School boards allow corporations to access to students because they need money and educational materials badly.49. The FTC report highlighted the fact that toys based on characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children.50. For this generation of young people, the Internet is a daily and routine part of their lives.51. According to Kidfluence, “persistence nagging”is less effective than the more sophisticated “importance nagging”.52. According to a report released by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the movie, music and video games industries usually market violent entertainment to young children.53. Buzz marketing is well-suited to the Internet because the interactive environment can spread messages effectively.54. A group of U.S. mental health professionals think that it is unethical to use child psychologists to help marketers target kids.55. According to the Pizza Hut reading incentives program, children will receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贡献。

2013年12月英语六级考试三套真题答案

2013年12月英语六级考试真题试卷（第1套）参考答案作文范文：The Way to Happiness1. When it comes to the topic of happiness, everybody has his own interpretation. But an inspiring idea goes that happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them, which reveals the nature of happiness. Happiness will be achieved only when we show great courage to confront problems and develop the capacity to solve them.2. There is no denying that we will encounter many problems in our life, but that doesn't mean we are deprived of h happiness. Many people have set great examples for us to follow: Nelson Mandela was sentenced to 27 years in prison, but he was optimistic and finally became successful in fighting against racial segregation. Steve Jobs was abandoned by his biological parents and dropped out of university but still managed to change the world. In our lives, no one is definitely immune to problems, but we may achieve happiness through striving.听力：1-25 CDADB ABCAC BDCBA DDCBA CADBB26. Legislation27. instruction28. efficient29. dropout30. motivation31. discipline32. contend33. in favor of34. at their disposal35. inferior to阅读：36-45 HLIJA FGNBK46-55 GBAOF JNMLE56-65 BCADD ACADB翻译：The Chinese garden has become a landscape of unique style after an evolution for more than 3000 years. It includes not only the large gardens built as entertainment venues for the royal family, but also the private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature designed to express theharmonious relationship between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls, and in the garden there are ponds, rockwork, trees, flowers and all kinds of buildings linked by winding trails and corridors. Wandering in the gardens, people may feel that a series of well-designed scenery spreads out before us like a2013年12月英语六级考试真题试卷（第2套）参考答案作文范文：Ways to Get Over Information Explosion1. As a popular saying goes, "A wealth of information creates a poverty of attention." Nowadays we are in an era of information explosion. More and more people complain that they are lost in the information age.Admittedly, no one can deny the fact that the new information age has brought us so much convenience that we are allowed to get plenty of information just with a simple click sitting in front of the computers. Nevertheless we are also confused, annoyed, distracted and upset by an incredibly large quantity of information. For example, when searching for something online, people are easily misguided by irrelevant information and forget their original plan. Besides, some information often turns out to be useless. Therefore, it may be time-consuming and troublesome to search information online.2. Then what can we do to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information? Here are some useful tips: Firstly, make a list of what you really want before your searching. You can avoid some appealing, yet irrelevant information by this way. Then, find some credible and professional sources or websites and then save and categorize them. In this case, you can easily leave some advertisements and useless information behind.听力：1-25 ADCBB CDBCA ACCAD ABDBD CDDBA26. abused27. industrial28. extremes29. extinguished30. mysteries31. tear apart32. toxic33. capable of34. manifested35. a multitude of阅读：36-45 FLIBK AEHDN46-55 GCHFA GDKIJ56-65 CACBA ABDBD翻译：Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate the harvest during the mid-autumn season, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-autumn Festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang Dynasty. People worship the moon on August 15th in the Chinese lunar calendar. On this day, under the bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon's beauty. In 2006, Mid-autumn Festival was listed as one of China's cultural heritages, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the Festival, are chosen as gifts sent to relatives and friends and usually enjoyed at family gatherings. There are characters, like "longevity", "good fortune" and "harmony", on the cakes.2013年12月英语六级考试真题试卷（第3套）参考答案作文范文：How to Live a Meaningful Life?Among all the highlighted topics, one is "how to live a meaningful life" 1. As for this topic, everyone's opinion varies. As the saying goes, "The greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it." I cannot agree with it more. If one spends all his life pursuing benefits for himself, he will surely feel fruitless and meaningless when he gets old. From Nelson Mandela's life, we can get that he never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning.2. His life has been an inspiration in South Africa and throughout the world. Ina life that symbolizes the triumph of human spirit, Nelson Mandela accepted the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. His life, though limited, definitely lasts longer. That's a life worth living.Therefore, if there is a way to make my life more meaningful, I believe it should be to find something I'm interested in and also is helpful to others or the whole society. Only in this way can I throughout my life.听力：1-25 DCBCD ABABD ACBCA BCCDA DACDB26. addition27. recognize28. challenges29. identify30. secret31. specific32. giving instructions33. shed light on34. acquisition35. caught up with阅读：36-45 NJOLB HKFIC46-55 ONHOA JGBEL56-65 CCBDA BCADD翻译：The world-famous Silk Road is a series of routes that connect the East and the West. The Silk Road extends more than 6000 kilometers and gets its name from ancient China's silk trade. The trade on the Silk Road has played an important role in the development of the civilizations of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that The Four Great Inventions of ancient China, namely papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing, had been introduced to other parts of the world. Similarly, China's silk, tea and porcelain had also been spread all over the world through it. The exchange of material culture is bilateral. Europe, in return, had exported various commodities and plants through the Silk Road, which met the needs of Chinese market.。

2013年12月英语六级真题答案完整版

2013年12月英语六级真题答案完整版第一篇：2013年12月英语六级真题答案完整版2013年12月全国大学生英语六级考试试卷Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Digital Age.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1．如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，例如……2．数字化产品的使用对人们的工作、学习、生活产生的影响。

Digital Age ____________________________________________________________________ _______ Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 min utes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Women in 2011 made no significant gains in winning more top US business jobs, according to a study, but the head of the study said women are poised to make36in the year ahead.The number of women who were board directors, corporate officers or top earners at Fortune 500 companies remained37unchanged, said the study by Catalyst, a nonprofit group that38opportunities for women in business.The percentage of companies with women on the board of directors was 15.1 percent this year, compared with 14.8 percent in 2010,Catalyst said.Also, the percentage of corporate officer positions39by women was 15.7 percent in 2011 and 15.4percent in 2010, it said.The percentage of top earners in 2011 who were women was 6.2 percent, compared to 6.7percent in 2010, it said.The research on the Fortune 500 companies was40on data as of March 31, 2011.The slight changes in the numbers are not considered41significant, Catalyst said.Nevertheless, given the changes in U.S.politics, the future for women in business looks more42, said Ilene Lang, president and chief executive43of Catalyst.“Overall we’re44to see change next year,” Lang said.“When we look at shareholders, decision makers, the general public, they’re looking for change.”“What they’re basically saying is, ‘Don’t give us45of the status quo(现状).Get new ideas in there, get some fresh faces, ’” shesaid.A)officerB)changesC)basedD)positionsE)moreF)promisingG) businesslikeH)surveyingI)essentiallyJ)stridesK)promotesL)statisticallyM)c onfusedN)heldO)expectingSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Marketers Target KidsA)Kids represent an important demographic to marketers because they have their own purchasing power, they influence their parents’ buying decisions and they are the adultconsumers of the future.Industry spending on advertising to children has exploded in the past decade, increasing from a mere $100 million in 1990 to more than $2 billion in 2000.B)Parents today are willing to buy more for their kids because trends such as smaller family size, dual incomes and postponing children until later in life mean that families have more disposable income.As well, guilt can play a role in spending decisions as time-stressed parents substitute material goods for time spent with their kids.Here are some of the strategies marketers employ to target kids:Pester(纠缠)PowerC)Today’s kids have more autonomy and decision-making power within the family than in previous generations, so it follows that kids are vocal about what they want their parents to buy.“Pester power” refers to children’ ability to nag their parents into purchasing items they may not otherwise buy.Marketing to children is all about creating pester power, because advertisers know what a powerful force it can be.D)According to the 2001 marketing industry book Kidfluence, pestering or nagging can be divided into two categories—“persistence” and “importance”.Persistence nagging(a plea, that is repeated over and over again)is not as effective as the more sophisticated “importance nagging”.This latter method appeals to parents’ desire to provide the best for their children, and plays on any guilt they may have about not having enough time for their kids.The Marriage of Psychology and MarketingE)To effectively market to children, advertisers need to know what makes kids tick.With the help of well-paid researchers and psychologists, advertisers now have access to in-depth knowledge about children’s developmental, emotion al andsocial needs at different ing research that analyzes children’s behaviour, fantasy’ lives, art work, even their dreams, companies are able to craft sophisticated marketing strategies to reach young people.F)The issue of using child psychologists to help marketers target kids gained widespread public attention in 1999, when a group of U.S.mental health professionals issued a public letter to the American Psychological Association(APA)urging them to declare the practice unethical.The APA is currently studying the issue.Building Brand Name LoyaltyG)Canadian author Naomi Klein tracks the birth of “brand” marketing in her 2000 book No Logo.According to Klein, the mid-1980s saw the birth of a new kind of corporation—Nike, Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, to name a few—which changed their primary corporate focus from producing products to creating an image for their brand name.By moving their manufacturing operations to countries with cheap labour, they freed up money to create their powerful marketing messages.It has been a tremendously profitable formula, and has led to the creation of some of the most wealthy and powerful multi-national corporations the world has seen.H)Marketers plant the seeds of brand recognition in very young children, in the hopes that the seeds will grow into lifetime relationships.According to the Center for a New American Dream, babies as young as six months of age can form mental images of corporate logos and mascots.Brand loyalties can be established as early as age two, and by the time children head off to school most can recognize hundreds of brand logos.While fast food, toy and clothing companies have been cultivating brand recognition in children for years, adult-oriented businesses such as banks andautomakers are now getting in on the act.Buzz or Street MarketingI)The challenge for marketers is to cut through the intense advertising clutter(杂乱)in young people’s lives.Many companies are using “buzz marketing” —a new twist on the tried-and-true “word of mouth” method.The idea is to find the coolest kids in a community and have them use or wear your product in order to create a buzz around it.Buzz, or “street marketing”, as it’s also called, can help a company to successfully connect with the elusive(难找的)teen market by using trendsetters to give them products “cool” status.J)Buzz marketing is particularly well-suited to the Internet, where young “Net promoters” use chat rooms and blogs to spread the word about music, clothes and other products among unsuspecting mercialization in EducationK)School used to be a place where children were protected from the advertising and consumer messages that permeated their world—but not anymore.Budget shortfalls(亏空，差额) are forcing school boards to allow corporations access to students in exchange for badly needed cash, computers and educational materials.L)Corporations realize the power of the school environment for promoting their name and products.A school setting delivers a captive youth audience and implies the endorsement of teachers and the educational system.Marketers are eagerly exploiting this medium in a number of ways, including: 1)sponsored educational materials;2)supplying schools with technology in exchange for high company visibility;3)advertising posted in classrooms, school buses, on computers in exchange for funds;4)contests andincentive programs: for example, the Pizza Hut reading incentives program in which children receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal;5)sponsoring school events.The InternetM)The Internet is an extremely desirable medium for marketers wanting to target children.It’s part of youth culture.This generation of young people is growing up with the Internet as a daily and routine part of their lives.Kids are often online alone, without parental supervision.Unlike broadcasting media, which have codes regarding advertising to kids, the Internet is unregulated.Sophisticated technologies make it easy to collect information from young people for marketing research, and to target individual children with personalized advertising.Marketing Adult Entertainment to KidsN)Children are often aware of and want to see entertainment meant for older audiences because it is actively marketed to them.In a report released in 2000, the U.S.Federal Trade Commission(FTC)revealed how the movie, music and video games industries routinely market violent entertainment to young children.O)The FTC studied 44 films rated “Restricted”, and discovered that 80 per cent were targeted to children under17.Marketing plans included TV commercials run during hours when young viewers were most likely to be watching.The FTC report also highlighted the fact that toys based on characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children.Mature rated video games are advertised in youth magazines;and toys based on “Restricted” movies and M-rated video games are marketed to children as young as four.46.Guilt can affect parents’ spending decisions because they don’t have enough time for their kids.47.The Center for a NewAmerican Dream pointed out that brand loyalties could be formed as early as age two.48.School boards allow corporations to access to students because they need money and educational materials badly.49.The FTC report highlighted the fact that toys based on characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children.50.For this generation of young people, the Interact is a daily and routine part of their lives.51.According to Kidfluence, “persistence nagging” is less effec tive than the more sophisticated “importance nagging”.52.According to a report released by the U.S.Federal Trade Commission, the movie, music and video games industries usually market violent entertainment to young children.53.Buzz marketing is well-suited to the Internet because the interactive environment can spread messages effectively.54.A group of U.S.mental health professionals think that it is unethical to use child psychologists to help marketers target kids.55.According to the Pizza Hut reading incentives program, children will receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Like most people, I’ve long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am.Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I’m treated as a st year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took ajob waiting tables.As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they’d never say or do to their most casual acquaintances.One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned(示意)me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I’d been.I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon(勤杂工)by plenty of people.But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults.Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college.Customers would joke that one day I’d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper.From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me.I assumed this was the way the professional world worked—cordially.I soon found out differently.I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name.Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie.The mistake was immediately evident.Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me.My job title made people treat me with courtesy.So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry.It’s no secret that there’s a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips.The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others’ needs.Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant.I’m now applying to graduate school, which means someday I’ll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.I think I’ll take themto dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.56.The author was disappointed to find that ________.A)one’s position is used as a gauge to measure one’s intelligenceB)talented people like her should fail to get a respectable jobC)one’s occupation affects the way one is treated as a personD)professionals tend to look down upon manual workers57.What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?A)Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.B)People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded.C)Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.D)Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all.58.How did the author feel when waiting tables at the age of 19?A)She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professionals.B)She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon.C)She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.D)She found it natural for professionals to treat her as inferior.59.What does the author imply by saying “...many of my customers didn’t get the difference between server and servant”(Line 3, Para.7)?A)Those w ho cater to others’ needs are destined to be looked down upon.B)Those working in the service industry shouldn’t be treated as servants.C)Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.D)The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as a server nowadays.60.The author says she’ll one day take her clients to dinner in order to ________.A)see what kind of person they areB)experience the feeling of being servedC)show her generosity towards people inferior to herD)arouse their sympathy for people living a humblelifePassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.What’s hot for 2007 among the very rich? A $7.3 million diamond ring.A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals.Oh, and income inequality.Sure, some leftish billionaires like George Soros have been railing against income inequality for years.But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are starting to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class.In December, Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U.S.News & World Report, which lie owns.“Our nation’s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating, ” lamented(哀叹)the 117th-riehest man in America.“Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder.Average income for a household of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a row.” He noted that “Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy.”Wilbur Ross Jr.has echoed Zuckerman’s anger over the bitter struggles faced by middle-class Americans.“It’s an outrage that any American’s life expectancy should be shortened simply because the company they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage, ” said the former chairman of the International Steel Group.What’s happening? The very rich are just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy.Given the recent change of control in Congress, the popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage, and efforts by California’s governor to offer universal health care, these guys don’t need their own personal weathermen to know which way the wind blows.It’s possible that plutocrats(有钱有势的人)areexpressing solidarity with the struggling middle class as part of an effort to insulate themselves from confiscatory(没收性的)tax policies.But the prospect that income inequality will lead to higher taxes on the wealthy doesn’t keep plutocrats up at night.They can live with that.No, what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to the distribution of income and economic insecurity.In other words, if middle-class Americans continue to struggle financially as the ultrawealthy grow ever wealthier, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain political support for the free flow of goods, services, and capital across borders.And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods, it’s likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad.For people who buy and sell companies, or who allocate capital to markets all around the world, that’s the real nightmare.61.What is the current topic of common interest among the very rich in America?A)The fate of the ultrawealthy people.B)The disintegration of the middle class.C)The inequality in the distribution of wealth.D)The conflict between the left and the right wing.62.What do we learn from Mortimer Zuckerman’s lamentation?A)Many middle-income families have failed to make a bargain for better welfare.B)The American economic system has caused many companies to go bankrupt.C)The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth.D)The majority of Americans benef it little from the nation’s growing wealth.63.From the fifth paragraph we can learn that ________.A)the very rich are fashion-consciousB)the very rich arepolitically sensitiveC)universal health care is to be implemented throughout AmericaD)Congress has gained popularity by increasing the minimum wage64.What is the real reason for plutocrats to express solidarity with the middle class?A)They want to protect themselves from confiscatory taxation.B)They know that the middle class contributes most to society.C)They want to gain support for global economic integration.D)They feel increasingly threatened by economic insecurity.65.What may happen if the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods?A)The prices of imported goods will inevitably soar beyond control.B)The investors will have to make great efforts to reallocate capital.C)The wealthy will attempt to buy foreign companies across borders.D)Foreign countries will place the same economic barriers in return.Part ⅣTransl ation(30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贡献。

2013年12月英语六级翻译真题及答案

【原⽂】中国⼈⾃古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗⼗分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流⾏，中秋节在农历⼋⽉⼗五，是⼈们拜⽉的节⽇，这天夜晚皓⽉当空，⼈们合家团聚，共赏明⽉。

2006年，中秋节被列为中国的⽂化遗产，2008年⼜被定为公共假⽇，⽉饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美⾷，⼈们将⽉饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享⽤。

传统的⽉饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。

【参考译⽂】Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid- Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon’s beauty. In 2006, Mid- Autumn festival was listed as one of China’s cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings. There are characters of “longevity”,“good fortune”and “harmony” on the Traditional moon cakes.2013年12⽉六级翻译答案及点评：丝绸之路（来源：沪江校）闻名于世的丝绸之路是⼀系列连接东西⽅的路线。

4·新题型_段落翻译

众所周知，“可口可乐”就是“CocaCola” 原来Coca和Cola是两种植物的名字，英语中指古柯树和可乐树 “可口可乐”译名的成功之处在于：一，保留了原文押头韵的响亮发音；二，完全抛弃了原文的意思，而是从喝饮料的感受和好处上打攻心战，手段高明； • 三，这种饮品的味道并非人人喜欢，很多人甚至觉得它像中药，但它却自称“可口”，而且喝了以后还让人开心。善于进行自我表扬，讨好大众。
2013年12月新题型大学英语六级考试
翻译题型
2013年12月新题型大学英语四级考试
•翻译题型
翻译的原则
• 翻译是把一种语言文字所表达的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。
• 翻译界长期信奉的原则是“信”、“达”、“雅”三原则。 • 所谓“信”，就是要忠实、准确。 • 所谓“达”，就是要通顺、流畅 • 所谓 “雅”，就是要优美、自然，
样题解析
中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史, 在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。参考译文：Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. 学生译文： 1. …… has one thousand and five hundred years history. (汉语语序) 2. …….have more than 1500’s history. / 1050 / 1750 / hestory 3. ……. a history of more than one thousant five hundred history. / one thousand and five houndrand
样题解析
• Part IV Translation (30 minutes) • Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer She, 考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。大学英语精读教材中，每课都有汉译英译句练习，应该是学生非常熟悉的题型。 • ☆其二，内容单纯，不需要专业理论知识，也不涉及英美文化背景知识，没有大主题语境，对翻译界长期信奉的 “信”、“达”、“雅”三原则，在四、六级考试中，所以我们只要做到“信”和“达”就可以了。

2013年12月六级真题及答案-精心整理版

2013年12月英语六级真题及答案Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese Yo u should write at Chinese. least 120 words following the outline given belo w:1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象；2.出现这种现象的原因和后果；3我认为…Given Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of ChinesePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minute s)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage qu ickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choo se the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For qu estions 8-10, complete the sen-tences with the information given in the pas sage. Welcome,Freshmen. Have an iPod.Taking a step that many professors may view as a bit counterproductive, so me colleges and universities are doling out Apple iPhones and Internet-cap able iPods to their students.The always-on Internet devices raise some novel possibilities, like tracking where students gather together. With far less controversy, colleges could s end messages about canceled classes, delayed buses, campus crises or just the cafeteria menu.While schools emphasize its usefulness —online research in class and inst ant polling of students, for example — a big part of the attraction is, undou btedly, that the iPhone is cool and a hit with students. Being equipped with one of the most recent cutting-edge IT products could just help a college o r university foster a cutting-edge reputation.Apple stands to win as well, hooking more young consumers with decades of technology pur-chases ahead of them. The lone losers, some fear, could be professors.Students already have laptops and cell phones, of course, but the newest de vices can take class distractions to a new level. They practically beg a user to ignore the long-suffering professor strug-gling to pass on accumulated wisdom from the front of the room — a prospect that teachers find most irr itating and students view as, well, inevitable.“When it gets a little boring, I might pull it out,‖ acknowledged Naomi P ugh, a first-year student at Freed-Hardeman University in Henderson, Ter m., referring to her new iPod Touch, which can connect to the Internet ove r a campus wireless network. She speculated that professors might try even harder to make classes interesting if they were to compete with the devices. Experts see a movement toward the use of mobile technology in educati on, though they say it is in its infancy as professors try to come up with us eful applications. Providing powerful hand-held devices is sure to fuel deb ates over the role of technology in higher education.“We think this is the way the future is going to work,‖ said Kyle Dickson, co-director of re-search and the mobile learning initiative at Abilene Chris tian University in Texas, which has bought more than 600 iPhones and 300 iPods for students entering this fall.Although plenty of students take their laptops to class, they don’t take the m everywhere and would prefer something lighter. Abilene Christian settle d on the devices after surveying students and finding that they did not like hauling around their laptops, but that most of them always carried a cell ph one, Dr. Dickson said.It is not clear how many colleges and universities plan to give out iPhones and iPods this fall; officials at Apple were unwilling to talk about the subje ct and said that they would not leak any institution’s plans.“We can’t announce other people’s news,‖said Greg Joswiak, vice presid ent of iPod and iPhone marketing at Apple. He also said that he could not d iscuss discounts to universities for bulk purchases.At least four institutions — the University of Maryland, Oklahoma Christi an University, Abilene Christian and Freed-Hardeman — have announced t hat they will give the devices to some or all of their students this fall.Other universities are exploring their options. Stanford University has hire d a student-run com-pany to design applications like a campus map and dir ectory for the iPhone. It is considering whether to issue iPhones but not sur e it, snecessary, noting that more than 700 iPhones were registered on the u niversity’s network last year.At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, iPhones might already have been everywhere, if AT&T, the wireless carrier offering the iPhone in the United States,had a more reliable network, said Andrew Yu, mobile devices platform pro ject manager at M.I.T.“We would have probably gone ahead with this, maybe just getting a thou sand iPhones and giving them out,‖ Mr. Yusaid.The University of Maryland at College Park is proceeding cautiously, givi ng the iPhone or iPod Touch to 150 students, said Jeffrey Huskamp, vice p resident and chief information officer at the university. ―We don’t think tha t we have all the answers,‖ Mr. Huskamp said. By observing how students use the gadgets, he said, ―We’re trying to get answers from the students.‖At each college, the students who choose to get an iPhone must pay for mo bile phone service. Those service contracts include unlimited data use. Bot h the iPhones and the iPod Touch devices can connect to the Internet throu gh campus wireless networks. With the iPhone, those networks may provid e faster connections and longer battery life than AT&T’s data network. Many cell phones allow users to surf the Web, but only some newer ones are c apable of wireless connection to the local area computer network. University officials say that they have no plans to track their students (and Apple said it would not be possible unless students give their permission). They say that they are drawn to the prospect of learning applications outsid e the classroom, though such lesson plans have yet to surface.“My colleagues and I are studying something called augmented reality (a field of computer research dealing with the combination of real-world and virtual reality),‖ said Christopher Dede, professor in learning technologies at Harvard University. ―Alien Contact,‖ for example, is an exer-cise develo ped for middle-school students who use hand-held devices that can determi ne their location. As they walk around a playground or other area, text, vid eo or audio pops up at various points to help them try to figure out why ali ens were in the schoolyard.“You can imagine similar kinds of interactive activities along historical li nes,‖ like following the Freedom Trail in Boston, Professor Dede said. ―It’s important that we do research, so that we know how well something like this works.‖The rush to distribute the devices worries some professors, who say that st udents are less likely to participate in class if they are multi-tasking. ―I’m n ot someone who’s anti-technology, but I,m always worried that technology becomes an end in and of itself, and it replaces teaching or it replaces analysis,,’ said Ellen Millender, associate professor of classics at Reed College in Portland, Ore. (She added that she hoped to buy an iPhone for herself on ce prices fall.)Robert Summers, who has taught at Cornell Law School for about 40 years , announced this week — in a detailed, footnoted memorandum —that he would ban laptop computers from his class on contract law.“I would ban that too if I knew the students were using it in class,‖ Profes sor Summers said of the iPhone, after the device and its capabilities were e xplained to him. ―What we want to encour-age in these students is an activ e intellectual experience, in which they develop the wide range of complex reasoning abilities required of good lawyers.‖The experience at Duke University may ease some concerns. A few years a go, Duke began giving iPods to students with the idea that they might use t hem to record lectures (these older models could not access the Internet). “We had assumed that the biggest focus of these devices would be consu ming the content,‖ said Tracy Futhey, vice president for information techn ology and chief information officer at Duke.But that is not all that the students did. They began using the iPods to creat e their own ―content,‖ making audio recordings of themselves and presenti ng them. The students turned what could have been a passive interaction in to an active one, Ms. Futhey said. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2013年12月英语六级真题(含答案)

2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on happiness by referring to the saying“Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.”You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can develop your ability to deal with problems and be happy. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答。

2013年12月英语六级真题答案完整版及解析

2013年12月英语六级真题答案完整版及解析【六级听力长对话原文1】W: OK, that's it. Now we have to make a decision. We might as well do that now, don 't you think?M: Sure, let's see. First we saw Frank Brisenski. What did you think of him? W: Well, he's certainly a very polite young man. M: And very relaxed, too. W: But his appearan ce…M: En… He wasn't well dressed. He wasn't even wearing a tie. W: But he did have a n ice voice. He sounded good on the telephone. M: True. And I thought he seemed very intelligent. He answered Dona's questions very well.W: That's true, but dressing well is important. Well, let's think about the others. Now what about Barbara Jones? She had a nice voice, too. She sounded good on the teleph one, and she was well dressed, too.M: En… She did look very neat, very nicely dressed, but…W: But so shy. She wouldn't be very good at talking to people at the front desk. M: En …OK. Now who was the next? Ar…Yes, David Wallace. I thought he was very good, had a lot of potential. What do you t hink?W: En… He seemed like a very bright guy. He dressed very nicely, too. And he had a really nice appearance.M: He seemed relaxed to me, the type of person people feel comfortable with right aw ay.W: He was polite, but also very friendly and relaxed as you say. I think he'll be good with the guests at the front desk. M: He had a very pleasant voice, too.W: That's right. OK, good! I guess we have our receptionist then, don't you? M: Yes, I think so. We'll just offer the job to… Question 9: What are the speakers looking for? Question 10: What is Frank Brisenski's weakness? Question 11: What do the speakers decide to do? 【六级听力长对话原文2】 W: Hello.M: Hello. Is that the reference library? W: Yes, can I help you?M: I hope so. I ran earlier and asked for some information about Dennis Hutton, the sc ientist. You asked me to ring back. W: Oh, yes. I have found something.M: Good. I've got a pencil and paper. Perhaps you could read out what it says. W: Cer tainly. Hutton Dennis, born Darlington, 1836, died New York, 1920. M: Yes, got that. W: Inventer and physicist, the son of a farmworker. He was admitted to the University of London at the age of 15. M: Yes.W: He graduated at 17 with the first class degree in physics and mathematics. All righ t? M: Yes, all right.W: He made his first notable achievement at the age of 18. It was a method of refriger ation which rolls from his work in low temperature physics. He became professor of mathematics at the University of Manchester at 24, where he remained for twelve year s. During that time, he married one of his students, Natasha Willoughby M: Yes, go on .W: Later working together in London, they laid the foundations of modern physics byshowing that normal laws of cause and effect do not apply at the level of subatomic pa rticles. For this he and his wife received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1910, and did s o again in 1912 for their work on very high frequency radio waves. In his lifetime, Hu tton patented 244 inventions. Do you want any more?M: Yes, when did he go to America?W: Let me see. In 1920 he went to teach in New York and died there suddenly after on ly three weeks. Still he was a good age. M: Yes, I suppose so. Well, thanks. Question 12: What do we learn about Dennis Hutton when he was 15? Question 13: What did Dennis Hutton do at the age of 24?Question 14: For what were Dennis Hutton and his wife awarded the Nobel Prize a se cond time?Question 15: Why did Dennis Hutton go to New York? 【短对话】 1.W: What a wonderful performance! Your rock band has never sounded better. M: Man y thanks. I guess all those hours of practice in the past month are finally paying off. Q：What does the man mean? M: I can't decide what to do for my summer vacation. I eit her want to go on a bike tour of Europe or go diving in Mexico.W: Well, we're offering an all-inclusive two-week trip to Mexico for only 300 dollars. Q：What does the woman suggest the man do for his vacation? 3. W: How long do you th ink this project might take?M: I'd say about three months, but it could take longer if something unexpected happe ned. Maybe we'd better allow an extra month, so we won’t have to worry about being late.Q: Why does the man say extra time should be allowed for the project? 4. M: I'm thin king about becoming a member here, and I'd like some information.W: Sure. A three-month membership costs 150 dollars, and that includes use of the wa it-room, sauna and pool. I'll give you a free path so that you can try out the facilities b efore you decide.Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 5.W: I'm sorry to hear that you failed the Physics course, Ted. M: Let's face it. I'm just n ot cut out to be a scientist. Q: What does the man mean? 6.M: Gary insisted on buying the food for the picnic.W: That's pretty generous of him. But shouldn't we at least offer to share the expenses He has a big family to support. Q: What does the woman suggest they doW: Did yo u see the headlines in the paper this morning?M: Year. Apparently the bus company will be laying off its employees if they can't rea ch an agreement on wages by midnight. Q: What did the man read about? 8.W: Have we received payment for the overseas order we delivered last month? M: Yes . The cheque came in yesterday afternoon. I'll be depositing it when I go the bank toda y.Q: What is the woman concerned about 六级短文1原文In America, white tailed deer are more numerous than ever before, so abundant in fact that they've become a suburban nuisance and a health hazard.Why can't the herd be thinned the old-fashioned way? The small community of North Haven on Long Island is home to some six hundred to seven hundred deer. The depart ment of Environmental Conservation estimates the optimum population at 60. The to wn has been browsed bare of vegetation except where gardens and shrubs are protecte d by high fences.Drivers routinely collide with deer and there are so many dead bodies left by the side of the road that the town has made it a deal with a local pet cemetery to collect and dis pose of the bodies. Some people in the town have become ill from deer transmitted dis eases. On the occasions when hunting has been tried, local animal rights people have worked to secure court orders against the hunts. And when that is failed, they stop the hunters, banging on pots and pans to alert the deer. Town meetings called to discuss th e problem inevitably dissolved into confrontations.The activists believe simply that the deer are not the problem. Somecommunities have even discussed the possibility of bringing wolves back into the ecol ogical mix. That means wolves in the suburbs of New York. It is almost too wonderful not to try it. The wolves would kill deer of course. They would alsoterrorize and kill dogs and cats which is not what the suburban dwellers have in mind.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard Q16. What do we lea rn about white-tailed deer in North Haven? Q17. Why do local animal rights people b ang on pots and pans?Q18. What would happen if wolves were brought back into the ecological mix? 听力填空原文It’s difficult to estimate the number of youngsters involved in home schooling where chi ldren are not sent to school and receive their formal education from one or both parent s. Legislation and court decisions have made it legally possible in most states for pare nts to educate their children at home and each year more people take advantage of that opportunity.Some states require parents or a home tutor to meet teacher certification standards, an d many require parents to complete legal forms to verify that their children are receivi ng instruction in state approved curriculum.Supporters of home education claim that it is less expensive and far more efficient tha n mass public education. Moreover they site several advantages: alleviation of school overcrowding, strengthen family relationships, lower dropout rates, the facts that stud ents are allowed to learn at their own rate, increased motivation, higher standardized t est scores, and reduced discipline problems.Critics of the home schooling movement content that it creates as many problems as it solves. They acknowledge that, in a few cases, home schooling offers educational op portunities superior to those found in most public schools, but few parents can provide such educational advantages. Some parents who withdraw their children from the sch ools in favor of home schooling have an inadequate educational background and insuf ficient formal training to provide a satisfactory education for their children. Typically, parents have fewer technological resources at their disposal than do schools. However , the relatively inexpensive computer technology that is readily available today is causing some to challenge the notion that home schooling is in any way inferior to more hi ghly structured classroom education. 【选词填空部分答案】 36 intentions 37 stems 38 permanently 39 delayed 40 simultaneously 41 asset 42 identified 43overwhelming 44 equivalent 45 underlying 【原文】Quite often, educators tell families of children who are learning English as a second la nguage to speak only English, and not their native language, at home. Although these educators may have good (36) intentions, their advice to families is misguided, and it (37) stemsfrom misunderstandings about the process of language acquisition. Educato rs may fear that children hearing two languages will become (38) permanentlyconfuse d and thus their language development will be (39) delayed; this concern is not docum ented in the literature. Children are capable of learning more than one language, whet her (40)simultaneouslyor sequentially(依次地). In fact, most children outside of the United States are expected to become bilingu al or even, in many cases, multilingual. Globally, knowing more than one language is viewed as an (41) assetand even a necessity in many areas.It is also of concern that the misguided advice that students should speak only English is given primarily to poor families with limited educational opportunities, not to weal thier families who have many educational advantages. Since children from poor famili es often are (42) identified as at-risk for academic failure, teachers believe that advisi ng families to speak English only is appropriate. Teachers consider learning two langu ages to be too (43) overwhelming for children from poor families, believing that the c hildren are already burdened by their home situations.If families do not know English or have limited English skills themselves, how can th ey communicate in English? Advising non-English-speaking families to speak only E nglish is (44) equivalent to telling them not to communicate with or interact with their children. Moreover, the (45) underlying message is that the family's native language i s not important or valued. 【阅读匹配文章点评】本文涉及近年来较热的话题“第二外语习得”及“幼儿早教”，批判了一些所谓“教育专家”教育幼儿学习英语的方式，说明要求家长不说母语，只说英语的教育方式并不科学。

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2013年12月英语六级考试翻译新题型习题及答案详解练习题一如果说我确实有所成就的话，那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。

遇到挫折时，你可以暂时把问题放一放，一味纠结不仅无济于事，有时反倒使情况更糟。

先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番；再回头看待问题，你或许会感到柳暗花明。

这样做后，别忘了多加反省：‚为什么这个方法会奏效？下次能不能做得更好呢？‛看你定的是什么目标，这种方法可以被反复有效应用。

如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己，最后成功肯定非你莫属。

孜孜不倦向来无敌。

参考翻译及详解如果说我确实有所成就的话，那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。

The only reason I’ve managed to accomplish anything is because I am a firm believer in continuous improvement.翻译这个句子的时候，用了句式the only reason is...because，大家看到汉语‚如果说......‛可能会一下头脑晕掉，不知道怎么来翻译，但换一个方式，不用if等其它表示如果的单词或词组，也不失为一种迂回翻译的好方法哦。

注意：我坚信：I am a firm believer （汉语的动词翻译成英文成了‚形容词+名词‛的形式，亲，你翻译的时候会不会这么做呢？）遇到挫折时，你可以暂时把问题放一放，一味纠结不仅无济于事，有时反倒使情况更糟。

If you fail in something, distance from the event for a day or two, because agonizing over the problem will not make it go away (and will make it a lot worse).遇到挫折：fail in something暂时：for a day or two（for a day or two有时并不仅仅指一两天，还可以表示暂时哦）纠结：agonizing over the problem先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番；再回头看待问题，你或许会感到柳暗花明。

Read a good book, catch up with some friends you haven’t seen in a long time, or go on a nature hike. You will be able to look at the issue with a fresh perspective.柳暗花明：a fresh perspective（将汉语里的成语翻译成英文，很多时候都找不到固定的英语翻译，我们就可以根据意思，用自己熟悉的单词或词组来表示它的意思，只要保证意思不变就可以哦）户外骑游：go on a nature hike这样做后，别忘了多加反省：‚为什么这个方法会奏效？下次能不能做得更好呢？‛After you have done that, ask yourself: ‚Why did this work out and how can I do better next time?‛奏效：work out看你定的是什么目标，这种方法可以被反复有效应用。

如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己，最后成功肯定非你莫属。

孜孜不倦向来无敌。

This process very well could repeat itself several times depending on the nature of your goal, but if you keep making a firm commitment to continuously improve yourself, you will develop so much that the only option left is success. Consistent hustle always wins.最后这句翻译，用but把汉语的两个句子衔接起来，不失为一种极好的衔接方式。

而且大家注意下我已经标红的very well could repeat，本来可以是could repeat very well，但very well放到前面更地道，大家平时可以多看一些翻译资料，多多积累，自然就会翻译出地道的英文咯~练习题二和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。

上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。

第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。

我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。

坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。

我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。

参考翻译及详解和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。

上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。

第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。

Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era. ‚和平稳定‛固定说法：peace and stability"得益于"用了句型it is due to...我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。

坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。

We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.‚宗旨和原则‛固定说法：the purposes and principles我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。

All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.‚国际社会‛固定说法：international community要了解中国文化，就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。

中国地方戏种类很多，其中京剧是一个具有代表性的剧种。

作为一个独立的剧种，京剧的诞生大约是在1840年至I860年。

京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础上形成的。

京剧有明确的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为主要伴奏乐器。

由于京剧是在融合各种地方戏之精华的基础上形成的，所以它不仅为北京的观众所钟爱，也受到全国人民的喜爱。

To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture. In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one. As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860. Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas. In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles; the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect; and huqin, is the main accompaniment instrument. Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.难点精析1.要了解中国文化，就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解：该句没有给出明确的主语，因而在翻译时要注意：增译主语you。