2021年人教版高考二轮复习语法专题教材讲义专题3 简单句-学生版

专题三如何写好简单句

一、写好简单句基本句型是写作的关键。简单句的写作原则：（1）抓住句子结构；（2）以动词为核心；（3）掌握时态/语态，主谓一致

二、简单句定义：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

Lead-in：分析下列句子的结构

1. I swear(发誓).—结构

2. I like English. —结构

3. I am serious. —结构

4. I can tell you why. —结构

5. I find it very interesting. —结构

三、5种基本简单句

（一）主+谓（vi）

1. He worked hard to support his family.

2. The war broke up in 1928.

Summary：主谓结构是由“主语+动词”构成。

【跟踪训练】

1 找出下列句子的主语和谓语

①Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.

②Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.

③The May Fourth Movement broke up in Beijing in 1919.

④Classes begins at 7:40 every day.

⑤It rained heavily as soon as we got home.

2完成下列句子，注意所用动词的正确形式

①今早他起得很早。this morning.

②近年来，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。In recent years，in our school.

③我们已经等了他很长时间，但他却没有出现。（turn up）

We had been waiting for him for a long time，but .

④没有人知道世界是何时形成的。(come into being) No one knows .

⑤一些珍稀动物正在消失.(rare animals; die out) .

（二）主+谓（vt）+宾

1. I remembered his name.

2. She look after the baby carefully.

3. I decide d to see him.

Summary：主谓宾结构其中的谓语动词是动词（词组）或是动词+介词形式。(不及物动词+ 介词= 及物动词)

【跟踪训练】

3完成下列句子,注意动词的正确形式

①他经常在早上读英语。in the morning.

②我希望你会原谅我。I hope that .

③昨天我收到了你的来信。yesterday.

④他妈妈进来时，他假装正在做作业。When his mother came in，.

⑤他学习不努力，结果没通过期末考试。(as a result; final )

He didn’t work hard. ，he .

4完成下列句子，注意动词词组的正确形式

①我正期待着你的回复。your reply .

②她喜欢盛装打扮去参加聚会。for a party.

③这位护士会好好照顾你的父亲的。(take care of)

.

④你应该为打坏他的杯子而向他道个歉。(make an apology)

for breaking his cup.

⑤你不能总是依赖父母。(rely on) .

（三）主+系+表

1. Her job is looking after the baby.

2. She looks very sad today.

3. The flowers smell sweet

常见的系动词主要有：

1）be动词,

2）感官动词feel, look, smell, taste, sound;

3）表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand…

4）表示状态变化的:become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.…

【跟踪训练】

5完成下列句子, 注意动词的正确形式

①一切看起来都不同了。.

②牛奶尝起来很美味。.

③我们对他的成功很自信。.

④许多伟大的科学家都致力于中国科学。（be devoted to）.

⑤她对自己的相貌很在乎。(sensitive) .

⑥众所周知的是，吸烟是有害你的健康。（harmful）As is know to us, .

（四）主+谓（vt）+双宾语

1.Please give him a pen.= Please give a pen to him.

2.Her father bought her a bike.=Her father bought a bike for her.

Summary：双宾语结构是由“主语+动词+ 宾语（人）+ 宾语（物）”构成的。如果直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后，则要借助介词to或for.

常跟双宾语的动词有：bring, give, lend, offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make , order, sing, save, spare等。

【跟踪训练】

6完成下列句子，注意所用动词的正确形式

①王老师示意他跟着她。(signal) Mrs. Wang .

②我父亲给我买了一辆新的自行车。My father .

③我奶奶昨晚给我讲了个有趣的故事。last night.

④约翰先生去年教我们法语。（French）last year.

⑤新自行车花了他300元。The new bike .

（五）主+谓+宾+宾补

1. We call him little Tom.

2. The teacher found her unhappy standing there.

注意：It作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在宾补的后面，是英语常用的一种句型，即主+谓+it+宾补+（真正）宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.

【跟踪训练】

7找出下面句子的宾补部分。

①Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.

②Every morning we hear him read English aloud.

③I’ll get my radio mended tomorrow.

④The terrible sound made the students frightened.

⑤The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.

8完成下列句子，注意所用动词的正确形式

①什么使他如此悲伤？What him ?

②我们应该保持桌子干净。We the table .

③我母亲经常叫我努力学习。My mother often me to .

④我们都认为他是诚实的All of us him .

⑤我们要使学校变得更美丽.We will our school .

⑥我要你把真相告诉我。I you to me .

⑦士兵命令我们立刻离开。The soldiers us to at once.