口译笔记符号

一、做口译笔记时的注意事项 1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。口译笔记 是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。口译 笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织 机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升 降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和 符号为主。 2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。 3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可 以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性， 不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会” 可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。 4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如： cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。
远 近
far away near, close
台阶，进步 step by step, progress, advance make progress
过去， 历史 in the past, history 昨天 yesterday 上个月 last month 去年 last year
前所未有的，unprecedented 很久以前，long before
1. 整体，全部，总共 whole, all, total, entire, complete, overall general, universal, integral, gross, intact,on the whole, all in all 2. 团结，统一，团聚 united, unification, gather, get together 所有国家 所有人，人民群众
未来，将要, in the future
改变，变化
change, transform
果实，成果 fruit, result, accomplishment achievement 1. （使）消失，废除 delete, exclude, dismiss, erase disappear, vanish, extinct, remove abolish, get rid of, wipe out 2. 破坏，推翻，剥夺 destroy, ruin, collapse, overthrow demolish, deprive,
双边协议，bilateral agreement 多边协议，multilateral agreement
发展，develop, development
发达的，developed
发展中的，developing
⊕
1. 开始 begin, start, initiate, open, originate, launch, pioneer commence, inaugurate
禁止，结束 end, conclude, complete, cease, stop, close, terminate, expire, halt, over, pause, turn off, switch off, break up make an end of, bring to an end, bring to a conclusion
主权和领土完整 sovereignty and territorial integrity
⊙
会议 meeting, forum, session, seminar, conference, symposium, committee, association, parliament, council 峰会 summit (meeting)
3. 抛弃 abandon, desert, discard 4. 倒闭，下岗 bankrupt, lay off, resign, retire
5. 死亡，已故的 kill, murder, die, pass away, the late 6. 解决，达到，实现 overcome, settle, solve, address, realize, achieve, accomplish, fulfill
in and out of the country, at home and abroad
进口 import
出口 export 进出口 import & export 飞行员 pilot 飞机场 airport 中国人 Chinese people
广场 square, plaze 经济实体 economic entity 金融机构 financial institution boss, leader, chairman, ruler, chief, manager, president, majesty, governor, director, supervisor, monitor 国家领导人，政府首脑 state leader
2. 评论 comment, remark, evaluate appraise, review
开罗宣言，Cairo Manifesto 赞扬 speak highly of, praise
批评 criticize
众说纷纭，若干说法 various opinions
1. 听, listen to 2. 开放, be open to
道路，方法 method, way, road, means, measure approach, manner, access, route, course mode, by means of, by way of
1. 歪曲 twist, distortion of fact 2. 困难，挫折 difficulty, hardship, trouble, painful, tough, frustration, setback
二. 人体行为符号
smile, happy, glad, pleased, excited in a good mood unhappy, sad, unsatisfied, angry, in a bad mood
Q
1. 说 tell, state, announce, express, claim, address, declare, argue, vow, explain, Introduce, report
2. 关系 interaction, relation, relationship partnership
双边关系，bilateral relationship 多边关系，multilateral relationship
举杯，协议 toast, agreement, treaty, contract Convention, revolution
2. 杰出 great, well-known, outstanding, remarkable, excellent, perfect, brilliant, distinguished, notable, eminent, promising, prominent, prestigious, glorious, noteworthy, 3. 主要 main, chief, primary, major, dominant, overwhelming 4. 精彩
wenku.baidu.com
citizen, urban residents / inhabitants
famer, peasant, rancher, agriculturist universal, worldwide, international, transnational, global, transcontinental, all over the world, across boundaries
二、常用速记符号 速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一 套完整的符号组成的体系。在口译实践中逐步 掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的
一. 图形符号
笔记符号
state, kingdom, country, nation, national, federal city, metropolis, cosmopolis, metropolitan, urban, municipal
village, farm, outskirt, countryside, suburban, rural areas
右上角：人 右下角：地方、地名、机构
领导，监督; 顶点，顶级，最 lead, supervise, head, peak, top, supreme, utmost, maximum, climax
宏观调控，macro-control 首都 capital city
1. 重要 important, significant, key, critical, crucial, essential, vital, eventful, principal, core, of great importance/ significance/ consequence
attach importance to, pay attention to
the most important
1. 特点，特色，特征 mark, feature, character, symbol, sign, characteristic, speciality peculiarity, attribute 2. 代表 represent, symbolize, typify, stand for, on behalf of
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译 表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。 记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。 人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分 组成。顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂 时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。 影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要 的因素是记忆内容的意义性。即便是当感知的 信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十 多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。 因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的 记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。
1. 关联 link to, connect with, relate to, associate with 2. 替代 replace, displace, supplant, substitute instead of, take the place of
∞
1. 交流，交换 exchange, interact, communicate
多国，其他国家 other countries 国民经济 national economy domestic, native, internal, interior, at home
foreign, overseas, abroad, alien, exotic, out of the country, beyond seas, in the foreign land
2. 形成，产生，出现 establish, found, create, appear, emerge, occur, come out, break out, come into being / existence 3. 医疗卫生 Red Cross, hospital, medical care medical institution
wonderful, terrific, splendid, fantastic, marvelous
5. 强调 emphasize, focus, underline, underscore
stress, highlight, spotlight, accentuate
focus on, lay emphasis/stress on