翻译技巧——长难句翻译

In these poor countries, as in American
inner cities and on reservations, money that
S
should be spent for food goes instead to the tobacco companies; over time, pPeople starve
Translation
Translation Skills
Translation of Long, Complex
Sentences
一、英语句型
➢ 1. 简单句 ➢ 2. 复合句 ➢ 3. 并列句
➢ 1. 简单句 （one subject-predicate construction）
➢ He got up at 6 this morning.
sentiment, ideas and attitudes.
➢ 我觉得，当书本给我讲到闻所未闻， 见所未见的人物、感情、思想和态度 时，似乎是每一本书都在我面前打开 了一扇窗户，让我看到了一个不可思 议的新世界。 （①--④--③--②）
Quiz in Class
➢ 1. There is also an informal network of connections that enables a general to call a scientist to get his son to be admitted to an institute, a scientist to wrangle a return draft deferment, or a movie scriptwriter who has produced a good Soviet spy film to call the security services to get permission for his wife and daughter to travel to the West.
剔除枝叶，析出主干
The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood
S
movies in which both male and female heroes
smoked like chimneys, completely won over
P
people like my father, who were hopelessly hoOoked by cigarettes.
themselves of both food and air, effectively
weakening and hooking their children,
eventually killing themselves.
就像在美国的市中心和印第安人的居留地上发 生的事一样，在这些贫困的国家里，那些本应 该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。久而久 之，人们不但缺少食物，而且还缺少空气，这 样不但大大削弱了孩子们的体质，还使他们染 上了烟瘾, 最终使他们丧命。
Object Clause
risks destroying their hope, so that they may
Adverbial Clause
recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster,
perhaps even commit suicide.
研究结果表明，大多数医生深信身患重病的人不想 知道他们的真实病情。如果告知实情，则有可能使 他们完全失去希望; 从而使他们恢复得更慢，或恶化 得更快，甚至自寻短见。
➢ This morning, he got up at 6, washed his face, had a simple breakfast, and then he went to school.
➢ 并列连词：
➢ and, but, so, or, for
➢ not only…but also; on one hand…on the other hand; for one thing…for another; neither…nor; either…or; …
烟草业，再加上好莱坞电影——影片中的男女主 角都是老烟鬼——把像我父亲那样的人完完全全 争取了过去，他们无可救药地抽烟上了瘾。
➢ The nearest person he could contact by radio, he couldn’t help thinking if something should happen, would be on an island 225 miles away.
二、长难句的翻译 1. 句法解构
analysis
grammatical structure
a long sentence
analysis
Chinese native range
translation
logical relationships
between subordinated
clauses
Process of the Translation
➢
➢
分总（先明确后笼统）
And yet this is only a part, and probably a relatively minor part, of the more serious and vastly greater problem of the maintenance of the genetic health of the human species.
➢ 2. 换序 ➢ 状语提前
➢
I realize now that as a child I sat by, through the years, and literallSy waPtched my father kill himself : surely one sPuch
S
victory in my family, for the prosperous
➢ 那些最早研究电的性质的人们可能并没有 料到,他们那些只是出于求知的欲望而进行 的实验,最终竟产生了现代电业科技,而没有 这种科技我们当今的生活简直是不可想象 的。（①--②--③）
➢ ①He had flown in just the day before from Georgia② where he had spent
➢ This morning, he got up at 6, washed his face, had a simple breakfast, and then went to school.
➢ 2. 复合句 （main clause + subordinate clause）
➢
主语从句
➢
名词性从句 宾语从句
leaders who own the tobacco companies,
is enough.
P
现在，我意识到了，当我还是一个孩子的时候，许 多年中，我实际上是一直坐在旁边，看着我父亲自 杀。对于那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说， 能在我家取得这样一种胜利，肯定是够满意了。
源自文库
➢ 总分（先笼统后明确）
➢ 4. 复杂句 ➢ 并列句 （复合句） ➢ 复合句 （并列句）
➢
➢ As reports came to London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted 35 miles south of London, they were not taken seriously, but as evidence began to accumulate, experts felt obliged to investigate for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
➢ 2. As he climbed on the chair at night to wind the old, long-pendulumed, double-weighted clock, or went finally to the front and the back door to see that they were safely shut in, it was a comfort to know that Phoebe was there, probably ensconced on her side of the bed, and that if he stirred restlessly in the night, she would be there to ask what he wanted.
➢
表语从句
➢
同位语从句
➢
➢
形容词性从句 定语从句
➢
➢ 主句 + 从属分句
➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢
副词性从句
状语从句
时间 地点 原因 结果 条件 方式 目的 让步 比较
➢ 3. 并列句 （<subject + predicate> + < subject + predicate > + <…>）
➢ 2. 翻译方法 ➢ 1）顺译
Studies show that doctors sincerely believe that
Object Clause
Object Clause
the seriously ill do not want to know the truth
about their condition, and that informing them
his vacation basking in the Caucasian sun ③after the completion of the construction job ④he had been
engaged in in the south
➢ 他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程；任 务完成之后，他就上乔治亚去度假， 享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回 来。（④--③--②--①）（按照时间 的先后顺序安排）
➢ 3. In most of the tenements, the windows were up. Clean-shaven men in colorless shirts or in underwear, women with aprons or sloppy pink wrappers leaned on the sills and gazed with aimless interest at the street, the sky, those who were passing below. Thus, they would spend most of every Sunday morning through the coming summer and now, in the first flush of mild weather, they had already taken up their posts.
➢ ①I feel ②that every book opens before me a window ③through which I see an unthinkably new world ④ when the book tells me about never-
heard of and never-seen characters,
保护人类基因健康是个更加需要认真对待的、不 知要重大多少的问题，但以上所述不过是问题的 一个方面，而且相对说来还是很次要的一个方面。
Practice
➢ The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine ②that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, ③without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life.