非谓语讲义

非谓语动词讲义

一、非谓语动词定义

在英语中，不能作句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫作非谓语动词。

二、非谓语动词形式及其功能

非谓语动词有3种形式：动词不定式，动名词和分词（含现在分词和过去分词）。

三．根据语法功能看非谓语动词的用法

（一）作主语

懂一点英语是一回事，掌握英语完全是另一回事。

通常用it做形式主语

1.It + be + adj. + to do It’s important for us to learn English.

2.It + be + n. + to do It’s a shame to behave like that.

3.It + v. + (宾语) + to do It takes an exceptional teacher to cope with a student like that.

4.It + be + prep. phr. + to do It is not within my power to answer the question.

通常用it做形式主语

1.It’s +adj. +doing It’s useless arguing about that.

2.It’s + n. + doing It’s no use/no good arguing about that.

3.There is后有时可以跟动名词做主语There is no denying that he is bad-tempered.

动名词：表示客观性、一般性行为不定式：表示一次性、具体性行为（见ppt）

（二）作宾语

决心学会想希望，decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish,

拒绝设法愿假装。refuse, manage, care, pretend

主动应答选计划，offer, promise, choose, plan

同意请求帮一帮。agree, ask/ beg, help

此外，afford, strive（努力）等也要不定式作宾语。

考虑建议盼原谅consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon

承认推迟禁想象admit, delay/put off, forbid, imagine

避免错过继续练avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice

否认完成险欣赏deny, finish, risk，enjoy/appreciate

不禁介意准逃亡can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape

此外be/get used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to ,stick to ,object to ,get down to ,pay attention to ,can’t stand，give up ,fell like ,insist on ,put off, thank you for ,apologize for, be busy(in) ,have difficulty/trouble(in) ,have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语

（三）宾语补足语

to。如：feel，see，hear，watch，notice，let，make，have等。

The mother will have the doctor examine her son again.

I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.

The workers had the machine working day and night.

I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room.

过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态，及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。Tomorrow I'll have my hair cut.

When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already.

（四）作表语

Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.)

分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答how的问题。

The news is very exciting. (How is the news?)

The children are well dressed these days.

动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答what的问题。表示经常性、一般性的行为。

Her job is cleaning offices. (What is her job?) (Cleaning offices is her job.)

（五）作定语

只能后置，不可前置。

1. Please find a man to help us. Today I have a letter to write.

不定式如果是不及物动词或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，后需有相应的介词。

Here is some paper for you to write on. He has a comfortable house to live in.

不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place, way时，不定式后面的介词通常省去。

He had no money and no place to live (in). We found a way to solve this problem (in).

2. 不定式作定语用作主动语态和被动语态的意义不同