大学英语一期末考试复习资料1

大学英语一期末考试复习资料1 大学英语(一)第一次作业

交际用语1

一、英语口语三原则:礼貌原则、利他原则、文化遵从原则

1. 礼貌原则

无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/ 情感，发话/ 发问和应答都要有礼貌，即使表达不同看法或批评意见也要委婉间接的表达，使对方听起来不刺耳。

e.g: - Do you think I can use your car for one day?

- A .

A. I’m afraid not.

B. No, you can’t.

C. I won’t let y ou do that.

D. Absolutely not. 解析:此题第一说话人向对方提出请求“想借车一用”，对方如果不能答应，应该委婉地表示拒绝。

因此选A。

礼貌原则还表现在拒绝请求的方式上:一种是委婉回绝，上面的例子“I’m afraid not” 就是这种情况;另一种是先表同意，然后用“but” 转折，表达不同意的意思。可以这样说:

I’d like/ love to, but…

That’s a good idea, but…

2. 利他原则

在日常交际中，英语国家形成一种习俗，要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便; 对别人遇到的好事/成功表示高兴; 坏事表示难过/惋惜，因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向。 e.g: - I am going to the City Hall, can you tell me how to get there, madam?

- D .

A. No, you don’t know

B. I don’t know.

C. Yes, you will.

D. Sorry, I am new here too. But you can ask the policeman over there.

解析:此题第一说话人在向对方问路，按照利他原则，应尽可能为对方提供帮助。所以选D，首先表示歉意，自己也不知道，同时给出一些有帮助的建议。

3. 文化遵从原则

在交际用语中，大家要有跨文化意识。也就是要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式，要使用得体、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。

e.g: - Mary, your dress is really beautiful. How is John?

- C .

A. Thank you very much

B. No, no, John is not bad

C. Thank you. He is fine

D. Don’t say that. It’s ugly. John is good 解析:按照英美国家文化，当受到他人赞扬时，应真诚表示感谢，这也是对说话人的尊重。如果一味谦虚说“不、没有、还差得远”等反而不礼貌，这与中国人的习惯思维不太一样，所以选C。二、答题技巧之“排除法”

交际用语部分试题的选项中，错误选项不但错得比较明显，而且有一定规律可循，这为解题时使用排除法提供了机会。错项的类型大体有几类:A. 选项本身语法错误;B.选项议题与谈话主题无关;C.选项明显违反上述三原则;D. 选项虽然与谈话主题有关，但不能提供发问者要求的信息、态度或观点;

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e.g:

1)- Mary, are you and your husband busy this weekend?

- B .

A. this weekend we may go to cinema

B. No, we’re not

C. Oh, it’s none of your business

D. Welcome to our pa rty 解析:Mary 的问题包含了“忙不忙”的询问，她可能想邀请对方作点什么。选项A属于上述D 的情

况，虽然与提问句的主题有关，但并未直接提供“忙”还是“不忙”的信息;C 回答很不客气，显然违

反礼貌原则;D 与谈话主题无关，最后只剩下B是答案。

2)- You are not the manager here, are you?

- C .

A. Yes, I’m not

B. No, I am

C. Yes, I am

D. No, not at all 解析: 选项A，B 都属于本身语法错误，不看发问句也可以排除。D 语法无错，但不能提供发问

句要求的信息，属错项，答案是C。

第一次大英作业:

1. - Sorry to give you so much trouble.

- ___C_____

A. I think so.

B. Oh, I'm sorry.

C. It's OK.

D. You are busy.

2. - Hello, who is calling?

- ____B_____

A. Mary is out.

B. Hello, this is William from IBM.

C. It's me.

D. Can you guess?

3. - I am planning to study abroad, and I want your advice. -

____C_____

A. You do not have to.

B. You ask me?

C. What can I do for you?

D. It is unnecessary. 4. - I heard you got a full mark in the English exam. Congratulations!

- ____C_____

A. Oh, no, no.

B. No, I didn’t do very well.

C. Thanks.

D. Don’t praise me.

5. - It is cold today. What would you like to do this afternoon? -

____D_____

A. I don't think so.

B. Yes, it's cold. But spring is coming.

C. I need my coat, please.

D. Yes, it's too cold, so I don't feel like going out today. 6. - Thanks, you saved my life!

- ___B______

A. Oh, I'm afraid I didn't do well enough.

B. I'm glad I could help.

C. No problem.

D. It's not necessary for you to say so. 7. - I'd

like to book a room, please.

- ____A_____

A. Single or double?

B. Good or bad?

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C. Which room?

D. We don't have books here. 8. - Do you know where I can find a supermarket? - ____B_____