主谓一致之语法一致原则

主谓一致之语法一致

英语句子中，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的形式变化，也就是说主语的形式决定谓语的形式，这就叫“主谓一致”。

“主谓一致”通常依据三项原则：

语法一致原则；意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

【语法一致原则】

语法一致是指主语和谓语在形式上保持一致，一般遵循“主单谓单，主复谓复”原则。

I .主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式。

①.I love music.

She loves music.

②.Are your mother a worker？（误）

Is your mother a worker？（正)

II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。

“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数

代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短

语）”或“从句”等作主语，用单数

谓语形式。

①.The work is important.

②.To serve the country is our duty.

③.How and why he left was a sad story.

2.复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。

①.The children are taken good care of.

②.They have gone to France.

Ⅲ.以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语：

1.通常作复数用（相加原则）。

①.Plastics（塑料）and rubber(橡胶) never rot（v.腐烂）.

②.What he says and what he does do not agree（一致）.

2.如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事、物、抽象概念，作单数用。

①.The worker and writer has come.

②.A cart and horse was seen in the distance. a cart and horse一驾马车

③.Truth and honesty is the best policy. truth and honesty 真诚

类似的还有a fork and knife、a needle and thread(针线) 等。

3.“and”前、后的单数词语都有“each，every，many a，no”等修饰时，仍作单数用。

①.Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.

②.No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .

Ⅳ.主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时：

1.A）“many a + 单名”接单数谓语; “a great many + 复名”接复数谓语。

①.Many a person has read the novel.

②.A great many parents were present at the meeting.

B）.“a / an + 单名+ or two”大多接单数谓语：

“one or two + 复名”接复数谓语。

①.Only a word or two is needed.

②.One or two reasons were suggested.

C）“a / an + 单名+ and a half”常接单数谓语：“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语。

①A year and a half has passed.

②One and a half tons of rice are sold.

D）“more than one + 单名”大多接单数谓语。

More than one person was （were ）there.

“more than two （three，…）+复名”接复数谓语。

More than one hundred students have attended the concert.

2.主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind （sort种类/ type类型/ form 形式/pair /cup杯/glass /piece / block块/ box / handful把/ quantity量/ ton / meter /… ）of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。

A）①.There is only a small quantity of paper （books）left.

②.Large quantities of water are needed.

B）①.This kind of apple is sweet.

②.This kind of apples is sweet. （大多依kind，作单数用）

③.These kinds of apples are sweet. （总作复数用）

Apples of this kind are sweet. （总作复数用）

3.主语后接“with…”等干扰成分时：

谓语仍与这类短语前的“主语”一致。构成这类短语的常用“with，along with，together with，as well as，but，besides，except，added to，including，like，no less than，rather than，more than ”等。