英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
英语句子的基本句型和成分(含例题及答案解析)
句子基本结构和成分1句子基本句型英语基本句型分为五种: 主谓SV、主谓宾SVO、主系表SLP、主谓双宾SVOO、主谓宾宾补SVOC。
主语谓语/系动词宾语/表语备注五种句型概述:句型主谓SV Everybody laughed.主系表SLP She is a teacher.主谓宾SVO I love you.主谓双宾SVOO David asked me a question.其中‘me’和‘a question’两个宾语。
主谓宾宾补SVOC They painted the wall white.其中, white 为宾补修饰宾语the wall。
1.1主谓句型(Subject Predicate Verb-SV)1.1.1解析1.1.2主谓句型与主谓宾句型最大的区别在于谓语动词的及物与不及物。
英语把及物动词叫做 transitive verb,不及物动词叫做intransitive verb.”transitive”在英语中是传递的意思, 所以, 如果动词表示的动作可以直接传递到某个事物, 则称为及物动词, 反之称为不及物动词。
及物动词与不及物动词又可以称为外动作词和内动作词。
外动作词是动作涉及或(达到)别的事物的动词, 内动作词是动作凝于或止于主体本身的动词。
基本结构 : 主语+不及物动词1.1.3主语1.1.4可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy), 主格代词(如you), 数词, 动词不定式, 动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家。
1.1.5谓语1.1.6谓语由动词构成, 是英语时态、语态变化的主角, 一般在主语之后, 后接宾语。
但谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.), 没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。
例句分析:(1)The sun is rising. 太阳正在升起。
(2)Tim is sleeping. 蒂姆正在睡觉。
(3)The train is arriving. 火车要到站了。
基础英语之句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习(含答案)
英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习(含答案)主语(subject): 位在句首,动作发出者,指人/物/行为/事情,可以是名词/代词/数字/动名词doing形式/to do不定式/主语从句来做主语The sun rises in the east.He likes dancing.Twenty years is a short time.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (it做形式主语,that引导真正的主语从句)谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征, 由谓语动词的形态体现时态We study English.We can swim.We wanted to buy a book yesterday.We will go to Beijing.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
可以是名词/代词/数字/形容词/介词(短语)/动名词doing形式/to do 不定式/从句He is a teacher.It is you, who broke the window.Five and five is ten.He is asleep.The picture is on the wall.My duty is looking after this boy.To see is to believe.The question is whether they will come.主语和表语需要用连系动词连接注意:连系动词It is a book. I am at home.It sounds a good idea. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I am feeling tired.常见系动词:be动词,感官系动词(look,sound,smell,taste,feel),补充其他系动词:保持类系动词(remain,keep),变化类系动词(become,go,turn,get),似乎(seem,appear),证明是(prove)宾语:位于动词或者介词后,主语发出动作后的接受者,可以是名词/代词/数字/动名词doing 形式/to do 不定式/宾语从句I like China.Are you afraid of the dog?Why are you looking at him?He likes you.How many books do you need? We need two.I enjoy working with you.I hope to see you again.Did you write down what he said?宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑,句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料,而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来,让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体,通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心,决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如,“The dog is cute” (这只狗很可爱。
)中,“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如,“She sings beautifully” (她唱歌很好听。
)中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象,通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如,“He bought a book” (他买了一本书。
)中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be (am/is/are)、seem、look 等,其后的成分就是表语。
例如,“She is happy” (她很开心。
)中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如,“The red car is mine” (那辆红色的车是我的。
)中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如,“He runs fast” (他跑得很快。
)中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如,“We made him our monitor” (我们选他当班长。
)中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构,是最基本的句子类型。
例如,“I love you” (我爱你。
)2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词(and, but, or 等)连接而成。
英语句子成分划分习题及答案精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语句子成分划分习题及答案句子成分划分习题及答案1. They are all hard working.2. It puts me under pressure.3. We lead a more colorful campus life.4. It is different from that of my junior high.5. Summer is my favorite season of the year.6. The students and teachers shared a great time.7. The women are talking aloud in the next room.8. I will buy my sister a lovely doll on her birthday.9. The scientist will offer some good advice to you.10. The internet makes shopping easy and convenient.11. People all over the world speak English.12. The old man is feeling very tired.13. My father bought me a new bike last week.14. She likes the children to read books in the reading room.15. They use Mr /Mrs with the family name.16. I was a little nervous.17. The teacher asked us to introduce ourselves to each other.18. We discussed some hot topics.19. I wake up early every day.20. My sister told me a secret.答案:1. 主系表2. 主谓宾宾补3. 主谓宾4. 主系表5. 主系表6. 主谓宾7. 主谓8. 主谓间宾直宾9. 主谓直宾间宾10.主谓宾宾补11.主谓宾12.主系表13.主谓间宾直宾14.主谓宾宾补15.主谓宾宾补16.主系表17.主谓宾宾补18.主谓宾19.主谓20.主谓间宾直宾。
初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案
句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。
十大词性句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习附答案
十大词恨句子成分分析,五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习个体名词集体名词 普通名词《物质名词 抽象名词 专有名词人称代词:主格 宾格(注意it 的用法)物主代词:形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词:this, that, these, those单单数:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself反身代词”复数:ourselves, yourselves, themselves疑问代词:who, whom, whose, what, which.简单不定代词:One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another,other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词:somebody, anybody,nobody不定代词 A someone, anyone, no onesomething, anything, nothing everybody, everyone,everything功能:用来代替名词、形容词或数得等3 .数词:基数词 序数词功能:表数量或顺序 4 .冠词:足冠得 不足冠词 零冠局//功能:用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物表地点:at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath … 表时间:in/ on/ at,in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind,5 .介词:表运动:across/ through/ over/ pass.. '表方位:….< 其他j 功能:用在名词■代词等前面,说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词不可数名词功能:表示人或事物的名称2.代词一、新课导入6.形容词:平级、比较级、最高级功能:用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特性、性质7.副局:平级、比较级、最高级功能:用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作或形状的特性并列连词:and/ both/ or/ not only・・・but also, but/however/ yet/ still/ while..8. 连词:从属连词:if/ unless, because/as/ since, although/though..一功能:用来连接词、短语或句子实义动词(vi./vt.)系动词助动词9.动词:情态动词不足式(上do)非谓语动词< 分词:现在分词(-ing )和过去分词(-ed)动名词(-ing)功能:表示人或事物的动作或状态10.感叹词:oh ah well.功能:表示说话时的感情或口气课前测:1.句子成分摸底测试:(1)指出下列句子划线部分是句子的什么成分?1)The students got on the school bus.2)He handed me the newspaper.3)I shall answer your questions after class.4)What a beautiful Chinese painting!5)They went hunting together early in the morning.(2)判断下列句子是简单句并列句还是复合句?1)We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2)The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3)There is a chair in this room, isn’ t there?4)My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.5)He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.二:新课讲解:(一)旬^成分七种句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)定语、状语、补语、表语等。
中考英语句子成分分析练习题20题含答案解析
中考英语句子成分分析练习题20题含答案解析1.I like reading books in the library.A.IB.likeC.reading booksD.in the library答案解析:A 选项“I”是主语,表示动作的执行者;B 选项“like”是谓语,表示主语的动作;C 选项“reading books”是宾语,是谓语动词的对象;D 选项“in the library”是地点状语。
2.My mother cooks delicious meals every day.A.My motherB.cooksC.delicious mealsD.every day答案解析:A 选项“My mother”是主语;B 选项“cooks”是谓语;C 选项“delicious meals”是宾语;D 选项“every day”是时间状语。
3.We play basketball after school.A.WeB.playC.basketballD.after school答案解析:A 选项“We”是主语;B 选项“play”是谓语;C 选项“basketball”是宾语;D 选项“after school”是时间状语。
4.My father drives me to school.A.My fatherB.drivesC.meD.to school答案解析:A 选项“My father”是主语;B 选项“drives”是谓语;C 选项“me”是宾语;D 选项“to school”是地点状语。
5.I do my homework in my room.A.IB.doC.my homeworkD.in my room答案解析:A 选项“I”是主语;B 选项“do”是谓语;C 选项“my homework”是宾语;D 选项“in my room”是地点状语。
6.She sings a beautiful song.A.SheB.singsC.a beautiful songD.none of the above答案解析:A 选项“She”是主语;B 选项“sings”是谓语;C 选项“a beautiful song”是宾语。
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语划分句子成分练习题及答案有关英语句子的主谓语,大家知道如何划分?下面是相关的练习题及答案,我们一起学习吧。
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(~): I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm.August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go onworking after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employsmore men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~):Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer.I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter youasked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.四、选择填空:( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather ____.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we( )7. He found the street much ______.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where练习答案一、1、主语,定语;2、间接宾语;3、谓语,状语;4、定语;5、状语,状语;6、定语,表语;7、宾语,状语;8、谓语,主语;9、谓语;10、主语,表语;11、谓语,宾语;12、状语;13、形式宾语,真正宾语;14、宾语、定语;15、插入语,状语;16、宾语(间宾+直宾);17、状语,状语;18、形式主语,表语,宾补;19、宾补;20、表语二、略三、略四、1~5 CBDBB 6~10 ACBAB。
英语划分句子成分句式练习题及答案
英语句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。
初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案
初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案句子成分是指句子中各个部分的语法作用和关系。
英语句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
下面是一些初中英语句子成分的练习及答案。
练习一:1. The cat chased the mouse.2. My sister is a doctor.3. The boy with the red hat is my friend.4. She sings beautifully.5. The teacher gave us a lot of homework.请判断每个句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
答案:1. 主语:The cat;谓语:chased;宾语:the mouse。
2. 主语:My sister;谓语:is;宾语:a doctor。
3. 主语:The boy;谓语:is;定语:with the red hat;宾语:my friend。
4. 主语:She;谓语:sings;状语:beautifully。
5. 主语:The teacher;谓语:gave;宾语:us;定语:a lot of;宾语补足语:homework。
练习二:1. The tall man in the blue shirt is my father.2. The dog barked loudly at the mailman.3. My mother cooked a delicious dinner for us.4. The students are studying hard for the exam.5. The sun sets in the west.请在每个句子中找出主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
答案:1. 主语:The tall man in the blue shirt;谓语:is;宾语:my father。
2. 主语:The dog;谓语:barked;状语:loudly;宾语:at the mailman。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习seek; pursue; go/search/hanker after; crave; court; woo; go/run after英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型主语+不及物动词Shecame..主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+主语补语Sheishappy.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.Sheboughtabookforme.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.主谓宾名/代--动词--名/代we--saw--you.we--did--thework.主系表名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词youarebeautifulyouseemsworried.youareastufent.相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语.1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”.通常用名词或代词担任.如:I’mMissGreen.我是格林小姐2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做什么”.主要由动词担任.如:Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.杰克每天打扫房间3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”.通常由名词、代词或形容词担任.如:MynameisPingping.我的名字叫萍萍4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”.通常由名词或代词担任.如:Hecanspelltheword.他能拼这个词有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人.指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面.如:Hewrotemealetter.他给我写了一封信有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语.如:Hewrotealettertome.他给我写了一封信5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任.如:Shanghaiisabigcity.上海是个大城市6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任.如:Heworkshard.他工作努力7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当.如:Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.他们通常让教室保持清洁/Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.他常常帮我做功课/ TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.老师要我自学法语8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况.如:WhereisyourclassmateTom你的同学汤姆在哪里1.主语subject:句子说明的人或事物.Thesunrisesintheeast名词Helikesdancing.代词Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.数词Seeingisbelieving.动名词Toseeistobelieve.不定式Whatheneedsisabook.主语从句Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语一指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.谓语predicate:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面.WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.二.选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③DoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusA.DouallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon3.表语predicative:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征.Heisateacher.名词Youdon’tlook it.代词Fiveandfiveisten.数词Heisasleep.形容词Hisfatherisin.副词Thepictureisonthewall.介词短语Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.形容词化的分词Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.表语从句常见连系动词“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”.常见的有:be是,look看起来,feel摸上去,seem似乎是,appear似乎、显得,prove证明是,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,sound听起来等.例如:Thestorysoundstrue.Thoseorangestastegoodstar.2.“持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续.这类连系动词强调“持续”.常见的有:remain依然,keep保持,stay保持,continue继续、仍旧,stand处于某状况或情形等.例如:Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridgeItwillstayfreshforseveraldays.It'salreadyteninthemorning.Thestoreremainsclosed.What'sthematter3.“变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态.这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become变成,turn变成,grow变得,get变得等.例如:Putthefishinthefridge,oritwillgobadinhotweather.三挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.①tired ②worried ③yellow ④interested ⑤first4.宾语:1动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任.放在及物动词或者介词之后.如:IlikeChina.名词Hehatesyou.代词Howmanydoyouneed Weneedtwo.数词Ienjoyworkingwithyou.动名词Ihopetoseeyouagain.不定式Didyouwritedownwhathesaid宾语从句2介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3双宾语-----间宾指人和直宾指物Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney四挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.hishomework ②English ③yourpronunciation ④newwords ⑤togoswimming5.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.Weelectedhimmonitor.名词Weallthinkitapity thatshedidn’tcomehere.名词Wewillmakethemhappy.形容词Wefoundnobodyin.副词Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语Don’tlethim dothat.省to不定式Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.带to不定式Don’tkeepthelights burning.现在分词I’llhavemybike repaired.过去分词扩展:主补:对主语的补充.Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.五挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room ②totaketheboyoutofschool ③Lily ④getonthebus ⑤playingfootballontheplayground划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme6.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子.Yanlingisachemistryteacher.名词Heisourfriend.代词Webelongtothethirdworld.数词Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.形容词Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.副词Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.介词TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.现在分词Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.过去分词Ihaveanideatodoitwell.不定式YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.定语从句六挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.①family ②given ③third ④some ⑤downstairs7.状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子.表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.以下例句按上述顺序排列Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhard sothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.七挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.①ontheface ②Everynight ③whenhewaseleven ④fast ⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm 八、同位语当一个概念词在前,后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时,而且两者的语法功能相同,后者就是前者的同位语.Mr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,isagoodtennisplayer.我们的英语老师——布莱克先生是个优秀的网球手.Football,theonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.足球----他唯一的爱好,让他结交了许多朋友.YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.That’sherhabit,readinginbed.躺在床上看书是她的习惯.Yoursuggestion,tostrikewhiletheironishot,seemedagoodidea.你建议趁热打铁,这个建议很好. Hegaveordersthattheworkshouldbestartedimmediately.他发出指示要立即开始工作.Youstillhaven’tansweredmyquestionwhyyoudidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.你还没有回答我昨天为什么没有上学.同位语从句常跟在某些名词后,对其作进一步的解释.这些名词包括:fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,ques tion.这类从句常常有that引导,有时也可以用what,why,whether,when等引导.九插入语插入语是说话者对所表达的意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度,其位置灵活常常用逗号或者破折号分开,并且在语法上不影响其他成份.1.插入语常以副词副词短语、形容词形容词短语、介词短语、短语等形式出现.1常见的副词及短语:indeed,surely,however,obviously,frankly,naturally,luckily/happilyforsb.certainly等.九■Therebe句型拓展:Therebe+句词词组”中,there为虚词,be后面的名词词组为句子的真正主语.该句式在使用时须注意如下几点:★Therebe句式表示“有”时,它表示一种存在关系,通常带有一个地点状语,意为“什么地方时候有……”.句式中的主语只能为表泛指的名词词组,此外,其主语还可以带前置或后置定语.例如:1.Thereisablackboardintheclassroom.2.Therearefiveminutestogo.3.Therearetwooldwomenwaitingforyouatthegate.★在正式文体中,该句式中be动词的单复数形式取决于以下两种情况:1该句式中只有一个主语,主语为单数时,be动词用单数;主语若为复数,be动词也用复数.2该句式中有几个并列主语,则按就近原则处理,即与靠近be动词的第一个主语保持一致.例如:1.Thereisroomforimprovement.2.Therearethreeapplesonthetable.3.Therewereonlytwopens,adictionaryandatextbookonthedesk.★“Therebe+主语+不定式”中,不定式可以有主动和被动两种形式,不过在口语中主动形式更为常见.例如:1.Thereisalettertotypetoday.2.Thereisnotimetolose.3.Therearemanythingstobedonenow.★Therebe句式中,be动词有各种变化形式.1be动词有时态变化,可以为一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来时等.例如:1.Therearealotofpeopleinthemeeting-room.2.Therewaslittleleft.3.Therehavebeenmanysuchtrafficaccidentsinthepastfewyears.4.Whenhegotthere,hefoundtherehadbeennoonewaitingforhimintheroom.5.Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.6.Thereisgoingtobeastormtomorrowmorning.2Therebe句式中,be之前可以有情态动词.例如:1.Theremaybesomepeoplewhodon’tlikethefilm.2.Thereusedtobeatempleinthevillage.句子种类一按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句.1陈述句DeclarativeSentences:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法. Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快.Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味.Ihaven’tgotacamera.我没有相机.Theyhavenevermetbefore.他们以前从没见过面.疑问句InterrogativeSentences:提出问题.有以下四种:a.一般疑问句GeneralQuestions:Canyoufinishtheworkintime你能按时完成工作吗b.特殊疑问句WQuestions;HQuestionsWheredoyoulive 你住那儿Howdoyouknowthat 你怎么知道那件事c.选择疑问句AlternativeQuestions:Doyouwantteaorcoffee你是要茶还是要咖啡d.反意疑问句Tag-Questions:Heknowsher,doesn’the他不认识她,对不对=Doesheknowheryes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.3祈使句ImperativeSentences:提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sitdown,please.请坐.Don'tbenervous别紧张4感叹句ExclamatorySentences:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:Whatgoodnewsitis多好的消息啊HowgoodthenewsisWhatbeautifulflowerstheyare多美丽的花啊HowbeautifultheflowersareHowlovelythechildis多可爱的小孩啊Whatalovelychildheiswhatacutechildheis二句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:1简单句SimpleSentences:只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜欢集邮.Weallstudyhard.我们都努力学习.Ilovesportsverymuch.我非常喜欢运动.Mummadeabeautifulskirtforme.妈妈为我做了一条漂亮的裙子.Weelectedhimourclasspresident.我们选了他做班长.Therearemorethan3000studentsinourschool.我们学校的学生超过3000名.2并列句CompoundSentences:由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句. Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.Let’shurry,orwewillbelate.咱们赶紧点,要不就迟到啦.Hestudiedhard,andhepassedtheexam.他努力学习并通过了考试.Hefeltnofear,forhewasverybrave.他很勇敢,毫不畏惧.Hewassick,sotheywerequiet.他病了,所以他们很安静.3复合句ComplexSentences:包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.Doyouknowthemanwhoisinthecar你认识坐在汽车里的人吗Whathesaidisnottrue.他说的不是实话.Iknowit’sdifficulttomasteraforeignlanguage.我知道学好一门外语不容易.Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干. TheideathatIraqcouldbetakenwithinaweekortwowasanunderestimation.伊拉克可以在一两周内就可以拿下的这一想法是估计不足的想法.Togetintouniversity=Ifyouwanttogetintouniversityyouhavetopassanumberofexams.进入大学,你必须通过一系列的考试.元音和辅音的定义:发音时声带振动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音.不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音.发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音.发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音.巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二,四二六前中后双元音也好背,合口集中八个辅音共计二十八八对一清又七浊,四个连对也包括.有气无声清辅音,有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握1.音标必须写在括号里,常用的音标括号有斜头和平头两种,其上端不顶第一线,大致与大写字母相齐,下端在第三格的中2.音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下所列.3.下面几个音标是最容易写错的,一定要注意:ai和au不要写成Ai和Au,A:不要写成a:.在打字的时候,不要用a来代替A,把A:打成a:,也不要用g来代替G,把GE:l打成gE:l.4.音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下页所列元音音标学习元音概述:元音是有噪音的语音.形成元音时,声带振动,气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时,不受到任何阻碍,没有可以听得到的摩擦声.英语里共有20个元音单元音12个,双元音8个.•元音之间的差异,是由发音时各发音器官所采取的不同位置形成的.所谓“不同位置”,指的是舌头的高低与前后,牙床的开合程度,以及唇形的大小和圆扁.但其中决定的因素是舌头的位置:舌头是在口腔的前部、中部或者后部,决定所发的音是前元音、中元音还是后元音;舌身隆起的高度以及舌的哪一部分隆起最高,决定发出的元音是开口元音、半开元音、合口元音、还是半合元音.牙床开合的程度是由舌位的高低所决定的,而双唇的圆扁和大小对形成不同的元音也有相当的影响.因此,描述一个元音的发音部位,主要是描述它的舌位和唇形.Lesson1元音i:i:学习i:发这个音的字母和字母组合eeaeee:mebesheheweeveningee:sweetbeesweepsheepseesleepthreegreenea:meatleafseapeateacheatclean根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词.1.seatrainbeancat2.giftfeetteacherd3.pigstartreejeep4.sweetseafishthei发这个音的字母和字母组合ieyeyay•i:pigfishinfifteensixshipthin•e:beginbehindjacketbasketball•y:happyheavybusylorrycarrysunny•lovelystudythirstytwentythirtywindyrainy•ey:monkeymoney•ay:SundaySaturdayFriday根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词.•1.sofasitkicklip•2.inkgiftjamship•3.handpicturebigsister•4.hotlickpigjelly:发这个音的字母和字母组合erirurearorer:herservetermir:birdgirlskirtfirstdirtyskirtshirtur:nurseThursdayturtlepurplecurtainear:earlylearnor:wordworkworld根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词.1.thirtybeerthirstywheat2.bankkinghernurse3.turtlebirdrabbitknee4.roomrunshirtterm发这个音的字母和字母组合ureeraroraeure:pictureer:teacherbrotherdinnerfathersisterar:sugaror:doctora:pandaaboutabovecamerasofaChina根据发音规则,找出发的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.mothersofaroadsmile2.sitfathersisterfood3.hairdeertigerChina4.sugarsoonearleaderLesson2音标:u:u学习发这个音的字母和字母组合oao:foxcoffeedogshopdogdoctorlonga:watch根据发音规则,找出发:的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.doctorteacherboxclothes2.coldzooclockdog3.lovebosslotviolin4.watchbeachfoxgirlu:发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouio:dowhowhoseoo:foodmoontooui:fruitjuiceu:rulerrude根据发音规则,找出不发u:的单词.1.juicemoonzoopanda2.toothbroomeyespoon3.headbootnoodlespool4.nooncoolbootwatchu发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouo:womanwolf•oo:lookgoodbookfootwoodu:bullbullet•根据发音规则,选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词.1.mouthbooklookpull2.pushtapesugarfoot3.woodkindwolfbull4.bulletwoodcookname四.写出单词或音标.•bru:m d: sit b:d•fut wi: dg ′sist •lookdowatergood•toofootclockfirst •worksisterdoctorsea•五.将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来.•hot blu:•football huk •blue ki:shook futb:l kiss ht Lesson3音标a:Λe练习a:发这个音的字母和字母组合aarauear •a:grassglassclassplantdancefastfatherlastar:carstararmMarchgardendarkscarf au:laughauntear:heart•根据发音规则,圈出发a:的2个单词. 1.armlipdoctorcard•2.cloudcartgardengate3.ballscarfdarktiger•4.joblorryMarchparkΛ发这个音的字母和字母组合ouooouo:soncomecolourlovemoneyu:sunnutjumpgumbusbrushsupperusou:touchcousincountry•根据发音规则,找出每组中发Λ的单词.1.hearcupbedair2.voiceboyduckant3.vasecornbeargun4.cuteboymoneyher发这个音的字母和字母组合aa:dadcapcatbadapplebagflaghandrabbitantblackfathasstandratmap根据发音规则,找出每组中发的单词.1.ratbedfacesport2.hearcupfatpear3.ricebatfingertree4.seayoungknifeapplee发这个音的字母和字母组合eeae:eggbelldesklegpettenpenea:breadheadbreakfast•根据发音规则,找出每组中不发e的单词.1.catwelllegpen2.sweatmappetelephant3.eggtentalldesk4.breadheadbedtoy音标a:Λe练习•一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍.•a::Λ:•:e:____•二.选出下列没有相同发音的词.•1.cararmfoodgarden•2.truejumpbuscut•3.bagshortmapflag•4.eggpenheadsmall•5.gotclockbelldog•6.rabbitbookwoodfoot•7.ratbatappleten•8.gunstarduckmoneg•三.写出单词或音标.•pa:stru:mswetsit•f tgtcΛpsh:t•bagcarbusbreadstarhead•四.选出下列每题中元音有几种读音,有一种读音的在里画☆,有两种读音的画△,有三种的画◇•1.hatfastcooklast•2.jeepdoorsungum•3.dadcaphandmap•4.starcarcutfrom•5.skirtsheepbirdher•五.改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词•like_________________交通工具•hat________________动物•lake________________食品•nice_______________数字•hot_________________用品•well_______________用品Lesson4元音音标eiaiiau练习ai发这个音的字母和字母组合iyieuy•i:kitebikenicetigerwriteknife•y:bycryflymyskytrywhy•ie:tiepie•uy:buy•根据发音规则,找出每组中发ai的2个单词.•1.ricegoodjamright•2.shipmineice-creammouse•3.cloudsittieeye•4.writesmalltenniskitei发这个音的字母和字母组合oioy•oi:oilboilcoin•oy:boytoy根据发音规则,找出每组中发i的2个单词.1.soilhearsoycold2.rabbitbedboynoise3.walkvoiseboilword4.teaenjoytoymilkau发这个音的字母和字母组合ouowou:housemousemouthtrousersow:flowercowhownowdown•根据发音规则,选出不发au的单词. 1.mousecloudarmclown2.teachertrouserscowmouth3.towndanceflowerhouse4.towerblousenowbaby四.把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来•bowbau•gatepai•traygeit•pietrei•poisonpizn五.看图、填空、标号•h___t→s__n→e____s__r→•r__l____→c__k___→m____thLesson5元音音标uieu的练习u发这个音的字母和字母组合ooaowo:noserosepoenoveroa:boatcoatsoapgoatow:showwindowsnowbowl根据发音规则,圈出每组中发u的2个单词. 1.coatgoattreeriver2.makewindowkniferoad3.yourwhiterowcoat4.boathennoselampi发这个音的字母和字母组合eareerear:earhearteareer:deerbeer根据发音规则,圈出每组中发i的1个单词.1.bearbeerfairtail2.noodlespairnearcome3.horseneartowerair4.ringkingherethreee发这个音的字母和字母组合airearair:hairchairpairear:pearbearwear根据发音规则,圈出每组中发e的1个单词.1.bearideapineappletail2.noodlespairclimbcome3.horsehousetowerair4.ringkingharethreeu发这个音的字母和字母组合oorourureoor:poorour:tourure:surepure根据发音规则,圈出每组中发u的1个单词.1.cleartouristpineappletail2.noodlespairclimbfury3.beardcuretowerair4.voicekingpureengineer辅音爆破音:ptkbdg摩擦音:fvszθe破擦音:trdrtsdzt∫t3鼻辅音:mnη舌侧音:1出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音2出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音半元音:擦音中气流较弱,摩擦较小,介于元音跟辅音之间的音wj •3∫•hrLesson6辅音音标pbtd练习p发这个音的字母和字母组合pppp:pianopandaparrotpetshipsheeppigstoppp:applehappy根据发音规则,圈出没有发p的单词.1.shipphonesleeppear2.pickpenbigpineapple3.taxiparrotsheeppig4.pandaponypettruckb发这个音的字母和字母组合bbbb:bookballbirdbigboybagbananabb:rubberrabbitcabbage根据发音规则,圈出发b的2个单词.1.cabgiftbeachlove2.petgodtubbed3.weatherboybusmake4.rabbitreaddressbabyt发这个音的字母和字母组合tttt:tableteataxicatratfatticketTt:buttermatter根据发音规则,圈出没有发t的1个单词.1.taxifatbagtoy2.hatticketteaduck3.pocketpacketcatraind发这个音的字母和字母组合dedd:duckseeddoordeskdayredheadbedreadcolded:smiledopenedplayed根据发音规则,圈出没有发d的1个单词.1.bedclotheshand2.dogcoldfive3.danceduckgrape音标pbtd练习一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍.•p:b:t:d:_______二.选出下列没有相同发音的词•1.pearshipcoatpig•2.taxibeancabcabbage•3.hatseaticketwallet•4.seeddancehandfull•5.pickpensitpineapple•6.coldfinddoorchair•7.clothpurplepoolpush•8.eatfanquietset三.写出单词或音标.•p ndkΛtdi:pklaud•applepearrabbitread四.改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词.•short→_____________衣物sea→_________________感官动词•pet→______________蔬菜ten→___________________动物Lesson7辅音音标kgsz学习g发这个音的字母和字母组合gggg:glassgolfgetgirlbaggoatflaggg:egg根据发音规则,圈出发g的单词.gasdrivegumgiveviolinbagjeansorangelogbridgeguesstankgradelonglanguages发这个音的字母和字母组合scssces:starsunsnakeseaseec:pencilcitycedarceilingcelebratess:grassglassclassbossce:faceracericenice根据发音规则,圈出每组中2个发s的单词.1.whosejuicelickstudent2.thosecasescarfshoes3.spacenosesciencemeat4.tearspiecebusnoseLesson8辅音音标∫3t∫d3练习3发这个音的字母和字母组合ss:television,usually,Asiameasureagarage,anunusualcollision;agreatdecision;mypleasure根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发3的2个单词.1.shellshipgaragedesk2.truckshirtpleasureship3.brushcasualsheepsleep4.heroshapeleisureshelft∫发这个音的字母和字母组合chtchch:teacherpeachcherrychairtch:watchmatch根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发t∫的单词,并抄下来. chairdumplingbeachcheesenightshemonkeyChinachurchtheseflowereggdreamsharkchickcatchLesson9音标fvθe的练习v发这个音的字母和字母组合vvev:videovasevestve:fiveloveviolin根据发音规则,在不发v的单词上打×violinmovevotewindowvanvolcanowhitewomanvictorywetwavevasee发这个音的字母和字母组合thth:fathermotherbrotherclothesweather根据发音规则,圈出每组中发e的1个单词. 1.thansisterbrotherthree2.weatherthanknightgood3.tielookteeththey4.thinfatherthroatwatchLesson10辅音音标tsdztrdr的练习dz发这个音的字母和字母组合dsdesds:seedswoodsfriendsbirdsbedsdes:rides根据发音规则,找出发dz的5个单词写在后面的横线上. coatshandscatskitesbedswordspetskidsseatshorsesandsgatestr发这个音的字母和字母组合trtr:treetrucktrousersstrawberrytrick根据发音规则,找出没有发tr的3个单词写在后面的横线上. seatstrucktraintrashtractordrinkstreetdrugtrousersdr发这个音的字母和字母组合drdr:drawdrinkdriverdragondry根据发音规则,找出每组中发dr的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.dreamduckdressrain2.ratdraindrugdoor3.treetreasuredrawerdrink4.truckdragondishdrumLesson11辅音音标hrlm的练习r发这个音的字母和字母组合rrrwrr:riceroomrideroadroserr:mirrorcarrotparrotwr:writewrongwrap根据发音规则,选出发r的单词,打√.1.breaddriverwrongrainworker2.riverfatherrobotropesister3.writefruitrabbitcrowndruml发这个音的字母和字母组合lll•l:looklightlockluckyliontail•ll:ballpulldollartell根据发音规则,选出每组中不发l的单词.•mpnailflagwoman•2.yellowfruitlionlychee•3.grapebulllaughlake•4.dumplingmoonwheelwhaleLesson12音标nηwj的练习n发这个音的字母和字母组合nkngnn:nosenetnutbanananoodlestrainrainplanedownkn:kneeknifeknockgn:sign根据发音规则,找出发n的单词并抄下来.1.mirrorwheelyesknock2.mallhenlaughnut3.earringsplanewingbreadη发这个音的字母和字母组合nngn:inkbanktankfingerng:singhangsongkingreadingrunning根据发音规则,从下列每组中找出2个发η的单词. 1.netringfingermeat2.tennismouthsongswing3.dumplingwingrunnail4.hangswiminknotew发这个音的字母和字母组合w:winterwindowwatchwaterwellwouldwh:whitewherewhichwhenwhywheelwhale根据发音规则,选出每组中不发w音的1个单词.1.woodwritewheelwhich2.wheatsnowwetwoman3.whitewindownowwhy4.whalewaterwatchrowj发这个音的字母和字母组合yy:yo-yoyogurtyardyesyouyour根据发音规则,找出发j的单词写在下面横线上. cryyouyourskyyellowlorry moneyjellytoyboyyogurtsoy。
(完整版)英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
考点7.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.
在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。
考点8.My parents wanted him work hard.
我父母亲想让他努力学习。
考点9.I remember saw him that day.
先找出句中的谓语,然后改正句中的错误,并说明原因。
考点1.Get up early is good for our health.
早起有利于我们的身体健康。
考点2.I want go home now.我现在想回家。
考点3.My favorite sport is play football.
我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。
Hehas hadbreakfast. (has是助动词,帮助构成现在完成时,(答疑qq 329950885)had是实义动词,意为“吃”。has had一起构成了句子的谓语。)
指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。
i.Does( ) helike( ) swimming?
ii.Hedoes( )like( ) swimming.
考点8.Shebeganworking as a teacher after sheleftschool.()()
考点9.When did theyleaveBeijing?()
考点10.Theyleftlast week.()
3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
conjconjunction连词
2.及物动词和不及物动词
实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
英语句子成分练习题及答案
英语句子成分练习题及答案英语中的句子由主语、谓语、宾语和其他成分组成。
熟练掌握句子成分的分类和使用是学习英语语法的重要一步。
在这里,我们将提供一些英语句子成分的练习题,并附带答案供参考。
主语练习题1.找出以下句子中的主语:•The dog barked at the mailman.•Lisa and Susan went to the park.•It is raining outside.•The book on the table belongs to me.答案: - The dog - Lisa and Susan - It - The book2.请写出满足以下条件的句子的主语:•包含两个以上的单词。
•指代具体人或事物。
•在句子中起到名词的作用。
答案: - My best friend - The new laptop - The beautiful sunset谓语练习题1.找出以下句子中的谓语:•The cat is sleeping.•I like to eat pizza.•They have been waiting for hours.•She will go to the store.答案: - is sleeping - like to eat - have been waiting - will go2.请写出以下句子的谓语:•含有两个以上的动词。
•表示动作或状态。
•在句子中起到动词的作用。
答案: - They are playing soccer. - He has studied English. - She can swim very well.宾语练习题1.找出以下句子中的宾语:•I bought a new car.•She ate an apple.•They saw a movie yesterday.•He gave me a book.答案: - a new car - an apple - a movie - me a book2.请写出以下句子的宾语:•表示人或事物。
【英语】英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)含解析
【英语】英语句子结构与成分解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)含解析一、句子结构与成分1.You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning?A. A friend self is a second.B. A second is self a friend.C. A friend is a second self.D. Self a second is a friend.【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:你可能知道右面所有的单词,但是下列哪个句子是有意义的?second,第二个;friend,朋友;self,你自己;a,不定冠词表示数量一;C为正确选项,意为:朋友是另一个自己。
故选C。
【点评】考查连词成句。
先确定句意,根据语法知识将词连接成句。
2.Choose the correct structure(结构) of this sentence "He lent me a book."A. S+V+OB. S+V+IO+DOC. S+V+PD. S+V+DO+OC【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意“He lent me a book”。
he为主语S;lent为谓语V;me为间接宾语IO; a book为直宾DO。
故结构为S+V+IO+DO。
故选B。
【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。
3.This cake is really big. _______ share it.A. May be we canB. We may be canC. Maybe we canD. Maybe can we 【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大,也许我们可以分享它”。
maybe为副词,也许,可能,放于句首。
may be中may是情态动词,be是动词原形,为系表结构,译为“也许是,可能是”。
十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习一、新课导入个体名词集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词功能:表示人或事物的名称人称代词: 主格 宾格 (注意it 的用法) 物主代词: 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词:this, that, these, those单数:myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself反身代词:复数:ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词疑问代词:who, whom, whose, what, which.简单不定代词:One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ everyanother, other, the other, others, the others复合不定代词: somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能:用来代替名词、形容词或数词等3.数词: 基数词 序数词 功能:表数量或顺序4.冠词: 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能:用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点:at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间: in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind,5.介词: 表运动: across/ through/ over/ pass …表方位:….其他功能:用在名词、代词等前面,说明句子中词与词之间的关系6.形容词:平级、比较级、最高级功能:用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特性、性质7. 副词:平级、比较级、最高级功能:用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作或形状的特性并列连词:and/ both/ or/ not only…but also, but/however/ yet/ still/ while…8. 连词:从属连词: if/ unless, because/as/ since, although/though…功能:用来连接词、短语或句子实义动词(vi./vt.)系动词助动词9. 动词:情态动词不定式(to do)非谓语动词分词: 现在分词(-ing)和过去分词(-ed)动名词(-ing)功能:表示人或事物的动作或状态10. 感叹词:oh ah well…功能:表示说话时的感情或口气课前小测:1.句子成分摸底测试:(1)指出下列句子划线部分是句子的什么成分?1)The students got on the school bus.2)He handed me the newspaper.3)I shall answer your questions after class.4)What a beautiful Chinese painting!5)They went hunting together early in the morning.(2)判断下列句子是简单句并列句还是复合句?1)We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2)The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3)There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?4)My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.5)He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.二:新课讲解:(一)句子成分七种句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、定语、状语、补语、表语等。
完整版)英语句子成分和练习题及答案
完整版)英语句子成分和练习题及答案什么是句子成分?它指的是组成句子的不同成分。
在句子中,不同的词之间有一定的组合关系,这些关系可以将句子分为不同的成分。
句子成分通常由词或词组充当。
现代汉语中,一般有六种句子成分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
而英语中则有七种基本句子成分,包括主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement)。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳为五种基本句型,通过扩大、组合、省略或倒装可以得到各种不同的英语句子结构。
掌握这五种基本句型是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
这五种基本句型分别是:1.SV(主+谓)2.SVP(主+系+表)3.SVO(主+谓+宾)4.SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)5.SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)其中,第一种基本句型为SV(主+谓),主语可以是名词(如boy)、主格代词(如you)、动词不定式、动名词等。
主语一般出现在句首,而谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,例如"We come."。
这种句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
例如"The sun was shining."(太阳在照耀着。
)和"They talked for half an hour."(他们谈了半个小时。
)。
第二种基本句型为SVP(主+系+表),主语和谓语之间有一个系动词(如be、e、seem、feel等),它用来连接主语和表语。
表语可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等。
例如"The pen writes smoothly."(这支笔书写流利。
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
(10)This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
主 谓 宾
主语 – 谓语动作的执行者
主语可以省略。 主语的形式结构:
– – – – – – –
The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
• •
介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
– Are you afraid of the snake?
双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
– He gave me a book yesterday. – Give the poor man some money.
补语 – 补充说明名词的成分,通常出现在主语或宾语后边。
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– – – – – – – I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习一、新课导入个体名词集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词功能:表示人或事物的名称人称代词: 主格 宾格 (注意it 的用法) 物主代词: 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词:this, that, these, those单数:myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself反身代词:复数:ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词疑问代词:who, whom, whose, what, which.简单不定代词:One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ everyanother, other, the other, others, the others复合不定代词: somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能:用来代替名词、形容词或数词等3.数词: 基数词 序数词 功能:表数量或顺序4.冠词: 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能:用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点:at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间: in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind,5.介词: 表运动: across/ through/ over/ pass …表方位:….其他功能:用在名词、代词等前面,说明句子中词与词之间的关系6.形容词:平级、比较级、最高级功能:用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特性、性质7. 副词:平级、比较级、最高级功能:用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作或形状的特性并列连词:and/ both/ or/ not only…but also, but/however/ yet/ still/ while…8. 连词:从属连词: if/ unless, because/as/ since, although/though…功能:用来连接词、短语或句子实义动词(vi./vt.)系动词助动词9. 动词:情态动词不定式(to do)非谓语动词分词: 现在分词(-ing)和过去分词(-ed)动名词(-ing)功能:表示人或事物的动作或状态10. 感叹词:oh ah well…功能:表示说话时的感情或口气课前小测:1.句子成分摸底测试:(1)指出下列句子划线部分是句子的什么成分?1)The students got on the school bus.2)He handed me the newspaper.3)I shall answer your questions after class.4)What a beautiful Chinese painting!5)They went hunting together early in the morning.(2)判断下列句子是简单句并列句还是复合句?1)We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2)The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3)There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?4)My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.5)He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.二:新课讲解:(一)句子成分七种句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、定语、状语、补语、表语等。
初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案
句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。
初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案
腾训学校语法班 ---句子成分及根本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语〔直接宾语、间接宾语〕、表语、定语与状语、宾语补足语等。
〔一〕主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么〞或“是谁〞。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:〔1〕Lucy is a beautiful nurse. 〔名词作主语〕〔2〕He reads newspapers every day. 〔代词作主语〕〔3〕Smoking is harmful to the health. 〔动名词作主语〕〔4〕To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.〔不定式作主语〕〔5〕What we should do is not yet decided. 〔主语从句作主语〕〔二〕谓语说明主语“做什么〞“是什么〞或“怎么样〞。
谓语〔谓语局部里主要的词〕。
谓语与主语在人称与数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers. 〔系动词与表语一起作谓语〕We study hard. 〔行为动词作谓语〕We don’t finish reading the book. 〔助动词与行为动词一起作谓语〕He can speak English. 〔情态动词与行为动词一起作谓语〕〔三〕宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它与及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.〔名词作宾语〕She says〔that〕she is ill.〔宾语从句作动词宾语〕We often help him.〔代词作宾语〕He likes to play basketball.〔不定式作宾语〕We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
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(1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower
主
谓
表/主补
(2) the yard looks fine for a while
主
谓 表/主补 时间状语
(3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the
直接宾语
谓语成分
宾语 补语
间接宾语 主语补足语 (表语)
宾语补足语
定语 (修饰名词)
修饰成分
状语(修饰动词)
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
句子成分
属性
主语、宾语
名词性的
谓语
动词性的
补足语名词性的或形容词性的状语副词性的定语
形容词性的
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
5 种基本句型 - 动词决定句型
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. (名词) – He hates you. (代词) – How many do you need? We need two. (数词) – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. (动名词) – I hope to see you again. (不定式) – Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
英语句子成分
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
4 2 种基本成分+ 种修饰成分
• 基本成分
– 主语 – 谓语动词 – 宾语 – 补足语
• 修饰成分
– 状语 (用来修饰动词 [状语修饰对象不限于动词]) – 定语(用来修饰名词)
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
关系图
句子成分
核心成分
主语 谓语
基本成分
– Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
– Seeing is believing. (动名词)
– To see is to believe.
(不定式)
– What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
– It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
主
谓
宾
weeds by the roots.
(4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time.
主
谓
时间状语
(5) The first solution appeared easy,
主
谓
表/主补
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
(6) the problem remained.
不及物动词 及物动词
系动词
动词类型
1. 不带宾语 2. 带一个宾语 3. 带两个宾语 4. 带宾语和宾语补足语 5. 带主语补足语
5种基本句型
主+谓 主+谓+直宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+直宾+宾补 主+谓(系)+表
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
Her love died. She loved me. She gave me a kiss. She made me happy. She is lovable.
The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The problem with people today is that (8) they want instant answer. (9) They are looking for one-minute solutions to everything. Just like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
谓
宾
宾补
(10)This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.
主
谓
宾
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
主语 – 谓语动作的执行者
✓ 主语可以省略。
✓ 主语的形式结构:
– The sun rises in the east. (名词)
– He likes dancing. (代词)
主
谓
(7) The key is to get the root of the problem.
主谓
表/主补
定
(8) they want instant answer.
主谓
宾
(9) They are looking for one-minute solutions (to everything).
主
动词决定句型,但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否,或者说,状语 和定语填补动词的语义空缺。
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
给下列短文划分句子成分。
Losers Look for Quick Fixes
There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-so-easy way. (1) The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and (2) the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But (3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is timeconsuming and painful, but (4) the weeds will stay away for a longer time. (5) The first solution appeared easy, but (6) the problem remained. The second solution was not so easy, but took care of the problem from the roots. (7) The key is to get the root of the problem.