英语从句翻译方法
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英语从句翻译方法-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
英语从句翻译方法
英语多从句,汉语多分句:
就句子类型而言,英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长,同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂,而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接,整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个整体。汉语本来就喜欢用短句,加上表达结构相对松散,因此,英译汉时需要将各种英语从句进行处理,可以译成一个汉语单句,也可译成多个汉语分句。并按照汉语的表达习惯对英语复合句的关联部分(从句引导词)加以逻辑梳理,既分而叙之,又上关下联,承接转换,犹如整容。
一名词性从句的译法
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。下面我们便逐一论述这些名词性从句的翻译方法。
1. 主语从句
1) 由what, whatever, whoever等代词引导的主语从句汉译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。
例如:
What he said is true.
译文:他说的一切都是真的。
Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.
译文:谁违犯了纪律,谁就应该受到批评。
2) 由it作形式主语引导的主语从句,翻译时视情况可以提前,也可以不提前。例如:
It doesn't make much difference whether you come yourself or send a substitute.
译文:你是自己来还是派代理人来,都无关紧要。(提前)
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
译文:驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还活着,这看来是不可想象的。(提前)
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
译文:这奇怪,她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。(不提前)
It is reported that our country has sent another spaceship.
译文:据报道,我们国家又发射了一艘宇宙飞船。(不提前)
反之,汉语分句可以译成英语主语从句,例如:
真奇怪(可惜),竟无人喜欢这本书。
译文:It's strange (a pity) that no one should like this book.
据说,他爱世间的所有生命,就如同一个父亲爱他自己的孩子那样。
译文:It is said that he loves all beings just like a father loves his young children.
2. 宾语从句
1) 由that, what, how等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要提前,可按原文顺序翻译。
例如:
He would remind people again and again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.
译文:他再三提醒大家说,决定这件事的不只是他一个人,还有其他许多人。
I understand that he is well qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience.
译文:我知道他完全够条件,但我觉得他需要更多的经验。
2) 用it作假宾语的句子,汉译时that引起的宾语从句视情况可以提前,也可以不提前,“it”不译。
I take it for granted that we should work hard.
译文:我理所当然地认为,我们应该努力工作。(也可译为:我认为我们应该努力工作,这是理所当然的。)
I consider it a great honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.
译文:我被指定参加会议,感到十分荣幸。
反之,汉语分句可以译成英语宾语从句,例如:
史密斯回答说,他感到很遗憾。
译文:Smith replied that he was sorry.
我向他们讲清楚了,他们必须在上午十点前交卷。
译文:I made it clear to them that they must hand in the ir papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.
3. 表语从句
表语从句和宾语从句一样,一般可按原文顺序翻译。
例如:
That was how a small nation won the victory over a big power.
译文:就这样,小国战胜了大国。
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.
译文:他对新闻界看法是,记者们不是支持他,就是反对他。
反之,汉语分句可以译成英语表语从句,例如:
他再三强调,他们绝不应该后退寸步。
译文:What he emphasized over and over again was that they should never retreat even for an inch.
然而,现实情况仍旧是,虽然她貌似一个军事强国,她的空防却远不是无懈可击的。
译文:The fact, however, remains that, though seemingly a big military power, she is far from invulnerable in her air defense.
4. 同位语从句
同位语是用来对名词或代词作进一步解释的。同位语可以是单词、短语或从句。以下便是同位语从句的译法。
1) 按原文顺序翻译。
He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.