《语言学教程》考研胡壮麟版2021考研真题库

《语言学教程》考研胡壮麟版2021考研真

题库

第一部分考研真题精选

一、填空题

1. Chomsky proposes that the course of language acquisition is determined by a(n) _____language faculty.（中山大学2018研）

【答案】innate查看答案

【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。2. _____ refers to the role language plays in communication (e.g. to express ideas, attitudes) or in particular social situations (e.g. Religious, legal).（北二外2016研）

【答案】Function查看答案

【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。3. Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the _____it is associated with.（人大2007研）

【答案】meaning查看答案

【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。

4. Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called _____.（大连外国语学院2008研）

【答案】performative查看答案

【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。

5. Phonetics is the study of _____ sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning.（北京邮电大学2015研）

【答案】speech查看答案

【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。

6. A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word, whereas the latter is concerned with _____ of words.（中山大学2017研）

【答案】combinations查看答案

【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and

word-formation processes. Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language,

or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure.

7. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is _____ and performance.（人大2006研）

【答案】competence查看答案

【解析】语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识，语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。

8. When a word appears in a variety of forms depending on its grammatical role in the sentence we say that it undergoes _____.（中山大学2018研）【答案】inflection查看答案

【解析】曲折变化是指通过添加屈折词缀，如数，人称，限定性，体和格等来表示某词语法关系的变化。

9. _____ is said of the study of development of language and languages over time.（北二外2016研）

【答案】Diachronic查看答案

【解析】本题考查历时性的定义。语言的历时性指语言随时间的延续而引发的变化。语言的历时性是相对于语言的共时性而言的，共时性语言学是研究理论上处于一个时点的语言，描写语言的一个“状态”，不管正在发生哪些变化。10. When air is forced out of the lungs, it causes the _____ _____ to vibrate.（中山大学2018研）

【答案】vocal folds查看答案