微生物形态

Shape: Bacteria have a few basic shapes
spherical coccus
Rod-shaped bacillus
spirallum
2.1.1.1 细菌的形状和大小
球
菌
细胞呈球状或椭圆形。根据细胞分裂后新细胞所保 持的空间排列方式，分为以下几种情形： •单球菌——尿素微球菌 •双球菌——肺炎双球菌 •链球菌——溶血链球菌 •四联球菌——四联微球菌 •八叠球菌——尿素八叠球菌 •葡萄球菌——金黄色葡萄球菌
微生物学-第二章
微生物形态
2018年10月
四川农业大学资源环境学院微生物学系
Department of Microbiology, Sichuan Agricultural University
本章主要内容
1. 原核微生物 2. 真核微生物 3. 病毒
生物中哪些是微生物
原核生物：三菌、三体
生 物
2.1 原核生物
2.1.1 细 菌 细菌的形状和大小 细菌的细胞构造 细菌的繁殖和菌落的形成 常见的细菌类群 2.1.2 放线菌 2.1.3 蓝细菌 2.1.4 古 菌
2.1.1.1 细菌的形状和大小
1. 细菌的基本形态 球状 — 球菌 杆状 — 杆菌 螺旋状— 螺旋菌 其他形状的细菌
Arrangements of Cocci
葡萄状球菌
Arrangement of Spherical Bacterial Cells
葡萄状球菌
Electron Micrograph of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a Diplococcus
Electron Micrograph of Streptococcus pyogenes , a Streptococcus
其他形状的细菌
柄细菌(Caulobacter bacterroides)
变形菌
Different Shapes
2.1.1.1 细菌的形状和大小

1. 2.
2. 细菌的大小
细菌大小的度量单位：以m为单位。 细菌大小的表示： 球菌，一般以直径来表示。 杆菌和螺旋菌，以宽和长来表示。 如 1 2.5 m 。 细菌大小的测定：在显微镜下使用显微测微 尺测定。

Size:
Most bacteria fall within a range from 0.2 to 2.0 um in diameter and from 2 to 8 um in length
A cyanobacterium 8 x 50 um
A rod-shaped prokaryote is typically about 1-5 micrometers (μm) long and about 1 μm wide
细胞生物 真核生物：真菌、单细胞藻类、 原生动物
非细胞生物：病毒、亚病毒
Concepts
Prokaryotes are small and simple in structure when
compared with eukaryotes , yet they often have characteristic shape and size. Prokaryotic genetic material is located in an area called the nucleoid and is not enclosed by a membrane. The prokaryotic cell wall almost always has peptidoglycan and is chemically and morphologically complex.
Microorganisms in general are very small and are completely invisible to the naked eye.
vibrio spirillum spirochete
Electron Micrograph of Vibrio cholerae , a Vibrio
Scanning Electron Micrograph of Leptospira interrogans
钩端螺旋体
2.1.1.1 细菌的形状和大小
Single bacillus Diplobacilli
streptobacilli
Coccobacillus
2.1.1.1 细菌的形状和大小
Scanning Electron Micrograph of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Streptobacillus Arrangement
2.1.1.1 细菌的形状和大小

杆菌 杆菌细胞呈杆状或圆柱形。有长杆菌、 短杆菌。
Arrangements of Bacilli
Rod-shaped
bacteria
Bacilli divide only across their short axis, so there are fewer groupings of bacilli than of cocci.
Tetrad Arrangement
Sarcina Arrangement
Electron Micrograph of Staphylococcus aureus , a Staphylococcus
transmission electron micrograph of Streptococcus
Single Rod (Bacillus)
Baidu Nhomakorabea
2.1.1.1 细菌的形状和大小
螺
旋菌 细胞呈弯曲杆状的细菌统称为螺旋菌。 包括：
• 弧 菌 偏端单生鞭毛或丛生鞭毛； • 螺旋菌 两端都有鞭毛
Vibrio, Spirillum and Spirochete
Some bacteria are shaped like long rods twisted into spirals or helices; they are called vibrios (like commas or incomplete spirals), spirilla if rigid and spirochetes when flexable.