非谓语动词做题技巧

－ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别： 作伴随状语的－ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且 前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要在 谓语动词的动作后发生,且前面不能用逗号。
用括号里的词的适当形式填空
hoping that the editor 1. Write to the editor, ________ would be able to help her．（ hope ） 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock．( rest ) there _________
下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词
1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则 2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤
一.非谓语动词的 七大经典原则
英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式 原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词 原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式 原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。 原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主 语保持一致 原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成 式 原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作 尚未发生; 用-ing，表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词，表示动 作已经发生，同时表示被动意义
找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）
1. Tom returned from the manager’s office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4. He keeps buying expensive maps. 5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 7. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers bought by her mother. 8. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。)
分词的基本形式
及物动词（do)
主动语态 现 一般式 在 分 词 完成式 被动语态
不及物动词(go) 主动语态 going having gone gone
doing
having done
being done having been done
过去分词
\
done
1) 现在分词 一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或此 时正在进行的行为； 完成式（having +过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示 的动作之前发生的动作。
her handbag on her seat.
left (leave) 2. She got off the bus, but ______
her handbag on her seat.
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有 连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
opened (open) the door 1. The man took out the key, _________ and entered the room. reading (read) a book. 2. The man sat there, _________ Work (work) hard, and you will succeed. 3. _______ discussed (discuss) at the meeting 4. The question ___________ yesterday is of great importance. To improve 5. ___________(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.
非谓语动词讲解二：构成 不定式（to do) 过去分词(-ed) v-ed
非 谓 语
分词
现在分词(-ing)
动名词（-ing)
v- ing
动词不定式的基本形式
由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 有时为了强调也可用never
主动语态
被动语态
一般式 完成式
进行式
to do to have done to be doing
3.The secretary worked late into night , preparing ______ a long speech. ( prepare ) To keep 4. ___________ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )
原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是， 一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。 不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。
原则二： 用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.
3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _____， and asked myself what I was going to do. (2007湖南卷) A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved
宾语 表语
We found a house to live in.
She came here to study English.
定语
状语
I warned the patient not to drink cold water after the operation.
宾补
非谓语动词的形式（以do为例）
5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____ in the natural light during the day. （2007天津卷） A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析] 此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。 如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_____ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. （2005山东卷） A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
◇Seeing from here, we can have a good view of the Bird’s Nest. ◇ Having finished the lessons, all the students went back home.
{注意}
2) 过去分词 表示在谓语动词的动作之前发生，本身表示被动含义， 没有完成式。 3）否定形式“not+分词”。 ◇ Not having found her child, the mother was very worried.
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式
1. When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight. （2007江西卷） A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以 要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”与“训练” 为被动关系，故选 D。
动词不定式 动词-ing 形式 动词过去分词
一般式
一般被动式 完成式 完成被动式 进行式 完成进行式
to do
to be done
doing
being done
done
to have having done done to have having been been done done to be doing to have been doing
1. to do 2.-ing 3.done
非谓语动词讲解一 ：谓语动词与非谓语动词
概述：
1.谓语动词： 在句子中担任谓语的动词
2. 非谓语词： 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓 语外的所有成分
判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法 leaving (leave) 1. She got off the bus, ________
【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时持续了一会 listen to … 儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动， do/doing … 心想自己该怎么办。 4. He sat _____ to her ______ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing 【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing 作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。
to be done to have been done
\
不定式时态的用法
1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，或之后发生,用一般时 态 to see 1) He wanted ___________ (see) you. to see (see) you again. 2) I hope ___________ 2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时， 用进行时态 When I came in, he pretended to be reading (read) a book. 3. 强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时 to have written (write) a novel last year. He is said _________________ 4. 强调动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，并可能持续下 去时，用完成进行式 to have been working She is said (work) on the problem for many years.
catch up the first bus. 如：She got up very early toto catch up the first bus.
2. _____ this cake， you’ll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.（2006广东卷） A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
非谓语动词讲解三：句法作用
非谓语 动词 不定ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu 动名词 现在分词
过去分词
主语
√ √
宾语
表语
定语
√ √ √ √
宾补
√
状语
√
√
√
√
√ √ √
√
√ √
√
To do that sort of thing is foolish。
主语
动 词 不 定 式
I want to see you this evening All you have to do is to finish it quickly.