Manhattan 语法—中文精简版 Ver.2
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12th Edition: 8, 12, 16, 17, 21, 31, 37, 39, 49, 57 Verbal Review: 2, 13, 57, 76 OR 2nd Edition: 3, 18, 22, 36, 54, 72
三、主语与谓语 每一个句子都必须有一个主语和谓语(动词),且主语和谓语要一致。 (一)连词开头的句子一定要有主句,否则是错误的。 EG: Because the dog was never mine. 错误,缺乏一个主句 (二)主语和谓语从逻辑上一定要合理,主语和谓语在单复数上要一致 EG: × The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling. (development能够不加油就跑几百miles) (三)容易引起主语不明显的两个情况 1. 插入语:在主语和谓语之间插入一些说明的成分 2.前置短语:在主语之前放一些修饰成分 EG: (when the auditors left), the executive (who had been interviewed) was glad. 说明:从句始终只是句子中辅助的成分,类似大形容词,大名词或大副词 (四)and 和 表示连接的词 1. and 连接几个不同的名词的时候构成复数结构,谓语动词要用复数。 2. 其他连接性的词(along with, in addition to, as well as, together with, including)连接不 同的名词,只是起着修饰的作用,不会改变主语的单复数,不影响谓语动词。 3. 一些表示学科的词 (physics, mathematics) 、 一些活动 (aerobics) 和一些疾病 (diabetes) 虽然以S结尾,仍属于单数名词,谓语动词用单数。
一、SC 的做题方法与原则 1、 不是找对的,而是选最好的。 2、 方法:排除法,首先在稿纸上写下所有选项,然后根据一些相似性将答案大致分组,根 据各组的不同特点划去错误的,比较剩余选项,针对区别进行判断,剩下最好的。 3、 做改错题时,首先应通读句子,找出句子中能帮助做题的关键词。在很多情况下,句子 中帮助做题的关键词离划线部分会很远。 4、 GMC 原则:grammar, meaning and concision, including:主谓一致,平行,代词,修 饰,动词时态、语态和主被动,比较和习惯用法 二、意思与句子简洁 GMAT改错题关键的三个要点,顺序依次为: STEP 1、 首先看有无语法错误 STEP 2、 看意思表达是否准确 STEP 3、 是否简洁 (一) 意思 1、正确用词 ①Economic-经济的; economical-节约的;合算的;有效的 ②Aggravate-加重,恶化; aggravating-令人愤怒的 ③Known as –被认为是,很著名; known to be-被承认…;known for ④Loss of –失去;loss in-贬值 ⑤Mandate-命令;have a mandate-拥有选举权 ⑥Native of- (人)来自;native to –物种起源于 ⑦Range of –多种的; ranging-变化 ⑧ Rate of –速度或频率; rates for – 价格… ⑨Rise –上升,形容无方向,单纯上升; raise-(打赌或工资)上涨,有方向 ⑩Such as –比如; like-好像 (举例只能用such as, 不能用like) ⑾Try to do –努力去完成; try doing –尝试去做 ⑿ impale-刺穿;impel-逼迫 2、情态动词 (1)当原句意思上没有问题时,忠实原句,不做任何修改,即使修改过来也成立。 Actual: If Chris and Jed met, they DISCUSSED mathematics. Hypothetical: If Chris and Jed met, they WOULD DISCUSS mathematics. (2)当原句意思上有问题时,要替换为相对好点的那个。 EG:should 在GMAT中表示“道德上的义务”,而不是“好像”的意思。 3、词在句中的位置 (1)要关注一些重点词,all, only;位置不同句子意思也不一样。 EG: ONLY the council votes on Thursdays. The council votes ONLY on Thursdays. (2)关注句子的整体顺序,是否会产生歧义;EG:主被动语序强调的对象不同。 (3)在英语中,一般主语会放在谓语前面,因此一般不会用倒装结构,除非开头是否定词。 定语从句中,一般不用倒装。例如:OG129。
Manhattan 语法—中文精简版
by kanon8920 @ ChsaeDream
1.添加关键例句(EG)方便理解,其中对比的部分和manhattan原版一样例句加注下划线或大写; 2.我认为比较生僻和重要的语法点用黑体加粗; 3.把原版曼哈顿总计14章内容压缩到了12章,共18页,每章主题背景加灰色标记; 4.每章内容所对应的OG12, Verbal Review, Verbal OG 2题号以橙色斜体标出。
2
Manhattan 语法—中文精简版
by kanon8920 @ ChsaeDream
(五)either or, neither nor 1. 就近原则:离谓语动词近的是单数,谓语动词就用单数;复数就用复数 EG: Neither the coach nor the players are going to the beach. 2. 若仅仅只有either or neither, 没有or 、nor,则谓语动词一定要用单数 (六)集合性名词:一般被认为是单数名词,看做一个整体,跟单数谓语 agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, team,baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniture (七)非限制性的代词,一般用单数 Anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, each, every, someone, somebody, something, everyone, whatever, whoever 但是如下几个特殊情况,需要根据内容确定单复数:some, any, none, all ,more/most, part EG: Some of the money was stolen from my wallet. Some of the documents were stolen from the bank. (八)each & every 两个词如果放在复数之前用复数,复数之后用单数 EG: every dog and cat has paws. They each are great tennis players. (九)量词 A number of +复数主语+复数谓语 The number of +复数/单数主语+单数谓语 Majority, minority, and plurality 根据其修饰的主语决定其单复数 (十)短语或者从句:用单数 注意:当判断倒装句的单复数,要看谓语动词后名词(主语)的单复数 EG: near those buildings sits a lonely house, inhabited by squatters. 定语从句内结构最好不用倒装 OG 68: sth that be…,当前面的sth做主语的时候, that be一般要省略,否则不符合英文表达 习惯;另外,诸如evidence之类的词,后面要跟that从句。 (十一)倒装:主语的单复数向后看 EG: 1. Wrong: Near those buildings SIT a lonely house, inhabited by squatters. Right: Near those buildings SITS a lonely house, inhabited by squatters. 2. Wrong: There IS a young man and an older woman at the bus stop. Flip it! A young man and an older woman ARE there at the bus stop. Right: There ARE a young man and an older woman at the bus stop. 3. Uncertain: Pong is a classic game from which have/has descended many current computer pastimes. Flip it! Pong is a classic game from which many current computer pastimes HAVE descended. Right: Pong is a classic game from which HAVE descended many current computer pastimes.
12th Edition: 2, 5, 13, 27, 45, 60, 66, 68, 78, 84, D41 Verbal Review: 8, 16,24,34,35,59,77 OR 2nd Edition: 10, 11, 14,20,34,35,65
1ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Manhattan 语法—中文精简版
by kanon8920 @ ChsaeDream
4、搭配 句子各成分是搭配在一起才有意义。 (二) 简洁 § 简洁是GMAT 最后考到的点,只有在语法和意思都无误的情况,才选择最简洁的;换言 之,如果语法无问题,即使很长也会比一个语法有问题,很短的句子好。 § GMAT语法题中,如果一个词可以搞定的意思,不要用一个短语,EG: differ好于have difference in Wordy: They HAVE DIFFERENCES over THE WAY IN WHICH the company should MAKE INVESTMENTS in new technologies. Better: They DIFFER over HOW the company should INVEST in new technologies. 切忌冗余: 1、在一个句子中,不要用两个意思一样的词 Rise-increase; sum-total; regain-again; enable- be able to; attempt-try; other than- opposite; drop-decrease; sufficient-enough; including-among; have to –require 及近义词then-later; so-in order to 2、注意being、having,虽然二者大多数情况是错的,但GMAT也通常会制造一些其他的语 法错误,使得此类选项稍好一点。 3、注意修饰时间的词 过去:previously; formerly; in the past; before 现在:now; currently; presently; at present; 每年的:annual; each year; a year EG: OG12 unaccompanied是不好的表达,意思不如not accompanied 清晰;另外关于什么 的增长,一般的用法是increase in sth,而不是increased sth
三、主语与谓语 每一个句子都必须有一个主语和谓语(动词),且主语和谓语要一致。 (一)连词开头的句子一定要有主句,否则是错误的。 EG: Because the dog was never mine. 错误,缺乏一个主句 (二)主语和谓语从逻辑上一定要合理,主语和谓语在单复数上要一致 EG: × The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling. (development能够不加油就跑几百miles) (三)容易引起主语不明显的两个情况 1. 插入语:在主语和谓语之间插入一些说明的成分 2.前置短语:在主语之前放一些修饰成分 EG: (when the auditors left), the executive (who had been interviewed) was glad. 说明:从句始终只是句子中辅助的成分,类似大形容词,大名词或大副词 (四)and 和 表示连接的词 1. and 连接几个不同的名词的时候构成复数结构,谓语动词要用复数。 2. 其他连接性的词(along with, in addition to, as well as, together with, including)连接不 同的名词,只是起着修饰的作用,不会改变主语的单复数,不影响谓语动词。 3. 一些表示学科的词 (physics, mathematics) 、 一些活动 (aerobics) 和一些疾病 (diabetes) 虽然以S结尾,仍属于单数名词,谓语动词用单数。
一、SC 的做题方法与原则 1、 不是找对的,而是选最好的。 2、 方法:排除法,首先在稿纸上写下所有选项,然后根据一些相似性将答案大致分组,根 据各组的不同特点划去错误的,比较剩余选项,针对区别进行判断,剩下最好的。 3、 做改错题时,首先应通读句子,找出句子中能帮助做题的关键词。在很多情况下,句子 中帮助做题的关键词离划线部分会很远。 4、 GMC 原则:grammar, meaning and concision, including:主谓一致,平行,代词,修 饰,动词时态、语态和主被动,比较和习惯用法 二、意思与句子简洁 GMAT改错题关键的三个要点,顺序依次为: STEP 1、 首先看有无语法错误 STEP 2、 看意思表达是否准确 STEP 3、 是否简洁 (一) 意思 1、正确用词 ①Economic-经济的; economical-节约的;合算的;有效的 ②Aggravate-加重,恶化; aggravating-令人愤怒的 ③Known as –被认为是,很著名; known to be-被承认…;known for ④Loss of –失去;loss in-贬值 ⑤Mandate-命令;have a mandate-拥有选举权 ⑥Native of- (人)来自;native to –物种起源于 ⑦Range of –多种的; ranging-变化 ⑧ Rate of –速度或频率; rates for – 价格… ⑨Rise –上升,形容无方向,单纯上升; raise-(打赌或工资)上涨,有方向 ⑩Such as –比如; like-好像 (举例只能用such as, 不能用like) ⑾Try to do –努力去完成; try doing –尝试去做 ⑿ impale-刺穿;impel-逼迫 2、情态动词 (1)当原句意思上没有问题时,忠实原句,不做任何修改,即使修改过来也成立。 Actual: If Chris and Jed met, they DISCUSSED mathematics. Hypothetical: If Chris and Jed met, they WOULD DISCUSS mathematics. (2)当原句意思上有问题时,要替换为相对好点的那个。 EG:should 在GMAT中表示“道德上的义务”,而不是“好像”的意思。 3、词在句中的位置 (1)要关注一些重点词,all, only;位置不同句子意思也不一样。 EG: ONLY the council votes on Thursdays. The council votes ONLY on Thursdays. (2)关注句子的整体顺序,是否会产生歧义;EG:主被动语序强调的对象不同。 (3)在英语中,一般主语会放在谓语前面,因此一般不会用倒装结构,除非开头是否定词。 定语从句中,一般不用倒装。例如:OG129。
Manhattan 语法—中文精简版
by kanon8920 @ ChsaeDream
1.添加关键例句(EG)方便理解,其中对比的部分和manhattan原版一样例句加注下划线或大写; 2.我认为比较生僻和重要的语法点用黑体加粗; 3.把原版曼哈顿总计14章内容压缩到了12章,共18页,每章主题背景加灰色标记; 4.每章内容所对应的OG12, Verbal Review, Verbal OG 2题号以橙色斜体标出。
2
Manhattan 语法—中文精简版
by kanon8920 @ ChsaeDream
(五)either or, neither nor 1. 就近原则:离谓语动词近的是单数,谓语动词就用单数;复数就用复数 EG: Neither the coach nor the players are going to the beach. 2. 若仅仅只有either or neither, 没有or 、nor,则谓语动词一定要用单数 (六)集合性名词:一般被认为是单数名词,看做一个整体,跟单数谓语 agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, team,baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniture (七)非限制性的代词,一般用单数 Anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, each, every, someone, somebody, something, everyone, whatever, whoever 但是如下几个特殊情况,需要根据内容确定单复数:some, any, none, all ,more/most, part EG: Some of the money was stolen from my wallet. Some of the documents were stolen from the bank. (八)each & every 两个词如果放在复数之前用复数,复数之后用单数 EG: every dog and cat has paws. They each are great tennis players. (九)量词 A number of +复数主语+复数谓语 The number of +复数/单数主语+单数谓语 Majority, minority, and plurality 根据其修饰的主语决定其单复数 (十)短语或者从句:用单数 注意:当判断倒装句的单复数,要看谓语动词后名词(主语)的单复数 EG: near those buildings sits a lonely house, inhabited by squatters. 定语从句内结构最好不用倒装 OG 68: sth that be…,当前面的sth做主语的时候, that be一般要省略,否则不符合英文表达 习惯;另外,诸如evidence之类的词,后面要跟that从句。 (十一)倒装:主语的单复数向后看 EG: 1. Wrong: Near those buildings SIT a lonely house, inhabited by squatters. Right: Near those buildings SITS a lonely house, inhabited by squatters. 2. Wrong: There IS a young man and an older woman at the bus stop. Flip it! A young man and an older woman ARE there at the bus stop. Right: There ARE a young man and an older woman at the bus stop. 3. Uncertain: Pong is a classic game from which have/has descended many current computer pastimes. Flip it! Pong is a classic game from which many current computer pastimes HAVE descended. Right: Pong is a classic game from which HAVE descended many current computer pastimes.
12th Edition: 2, 5, 13, 27, 45, 60, 66, 68, 78, 84, D41 Verbal Review: 8, 16,24,34,35,59,77 OR 2nd Edition: 10, 11, 14,20,34,35,65
1ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Manhattan 语法—中文精简版
by kanon8920 @ ChsaeDream
4、搭配 句子各成分是搭配在一起才有意义。 (二) 简洁 § 简洁是GMAT 最后考到的点,只有在语法和意思都无误的情况,才选择最简洁的;换言 之,如果语法无问题,即使很长也会比一个语法有问题,很短的句子好。 § GMAT语法题中,如果一个词可以搞定的意思,不要用一个短语,EG: differ好于have difference in Wordy: They HAVE DIFFERENCES over THE WAY IN WHICH the company should MAKE INVESTMENTS in new technologies. Better: They DIFFER over HOW the company should INVEST in new technologies. 切忌冗余: 1、在一个句子中,不要用两个意思一样的词 Rise-increase; sum-total; regain-again; enable- be able to; attempt-try; other than- opposite; drop-decrease; sufficient-enough; including-among; have to –require 及近义词then-later; so-in order to 2、注意being、having,虽然二者大多数情况是错的,但GMAT也通常会制造一些其他的语 法错误,使得此类选项稍好一点。 3、注意修饰时间的词 过去:previously; formerly; in the past; before 现在:now; currently; presently; at present; 每年的:annual; each year; a year EG: OG12 unaccompanied是不好的表达,意思不如not accompanied 清晰;另外关于什么 的增长,一般的用法是increase in sth,而不是increased sth