七年级英语语法归纳

一、七年级英语语法归纳

（一）be动词。

1、be动词概说。(包括am, are, is)

be ①连系动词，本身有词义“是”，在句子中和其后的表语一起构成谓语。e.g. I am tall.(表语)

②助动词，无词义。e.g. He is playing football.

2、be动词的用法。

am →主语是单数第一人称（即I）。e.g. I am…

be are →单数第二人称及所有复数。e.g. You are…The coats are…

is →单数第三人称及不可数名词。e.g. Your father is…The money is…

3、否定句式（即改否定句）：在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变。

e.g. He is not a teacher.

4、缩写形式。

①主语+be，缩写be第一个字母为’，再与主语合并。e.g. you are →you’re Jack is →Jack’s

②be+not否定形式的缩写，缩写not中“o”为’, 再与be合并。e.g. is not→isn’t are not→aren’t

③不能缩写的情况：this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回答。e.g. Yes, I am. (I’m误)

5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换。

①一般疑问句：将be动词提前，其它照抄不变，最后+？，读升调。（一般第一人称改为第二人称）

e.g. The man in the car is her father. →Is the man in the car her father?

I’m a middle school student. →Are you a middle school student?

②一般疑问句的肯否定回答。

肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be. 否定回答：No, 主语+be+not.

e.g. Is he old? Are you a new student? Is your father at home?

Yes, he is. Yes, I am. Yes, he is.

No, he is not.(isn’t)No, I’m not.No, he is not.(isn’t)

注意：①主语必须用代词回答；②肯定回答不能缩写；③回答第二人称，用第一人称回答。

③特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）。

1) 方法：将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词，然后置于句首，接着再将be动词或情态动词提前

(置于疑问词之后)，其它部分照抄不变，最后+？(即疑问词+一般疑问句？)

e.g. T he man in a red cap is her brother. →Who is the man in a red cap?

I can sing English songs. →What can you do?

2) 注意：①被提问部分不能再写。

②提问动词(即提问做某事)，在改句子时注意还“do”，表示做什么？

3) 相应的疑问词。

1. 事物→what e.g. That is a cat. →What is that?

2. 地点→where He is at home? →Where is he?

3. 人→who The man is his father. →Who is the man?

4. 谁的→whose The coat is his. →Whose is the coat?

（提问名词性物主代词whose后不用带物）

That is Jack’s ball. →Whose ball is that?

（提问形容词性物主代词whose后要带物或人）

5. 怎样(程度，方式) →how She’s fine. →How is she?

He can go to school by bus. →How can he go to school?

6. 职业→what My father is a worker. →What is your father?

7. 年龄→how old Our grandpa is 80. →How old is your grandpa?

8. 班级→what class We are in Class 2, Grade 1. →What class are you in?

9. 数字→what My phone number is 2212121→What’s your phone number?

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10. 哪一个→which The boy in a blue shirt is Mike. →Which boy is Mike?

（一般which用来提问定语，并且后要带物或人）

11. 颜色→what colour His car is yellow. →What colour is his car?

12. 数量→how many+可数复数名词There are two books on the desk. →

How many books are there on the desk?

how much+不可数名词There is only a little water in the glass. →

How much water is there in the glass?

13. 时间→what time I can get there at six. →What time can you get there?

when I can go with you on Sunday. →When can you go with me?

14. 价钱→how much The bag is twenty yuan. →How much is the bag?

（二）代词：

①动作的发出者，代词用主格，(一般在句首，动词前)。 e.g. He often writes to me.

②动作的承受者，代词用宾格，(一般在句末，动词后、介词后)。 e.g. Let’s ask him. Let’s play with them.

③物的主人，用物主代词。(即代词所有格)

1）形容词性物主代词后一定要带物，不能单独使用，一般用在名词前。

e.g. T his is their classroom. That is my bike. It is her red coat.

2）名词性物主代词，相当于形容词性物主代词+物。

e.g. T he books are hers. (her books) The bike is his. (his bike)

3）形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词之间的区别：

形容词性物主代词：后要带物（即名词）。It’s my pen.

名词性物主代词：后不带物。It’s mine.

(因此填物主代词应注意判断后有无带物，有用形容词性物主代词，无即用名词性物主代词。)

4）名词性物主代词作主语，要注意be的形式。

e.g. T hese are not her pens.Hers are in the bag. (her pens)

This is not our classroom. Ours is over there. (our classroom)

5）含形容词性物主代词与含名词性物主代词的句子可以转换。（译法稍有不同）

e.g. T his is her pen→This pen is hers.Those black cats are his. →Those are his black cats.

这是她的笔。这笔是她的。那些黑猫是他的。那些是他的黑猫。

6）提问物主代词用whose.

e.g. T his is my pen. →Whose pen is this? These pens are mine. →Whose are these pens?

注意：1. 提问形容词性物主代词，用Whose+物。 2. 提问名词性物主代词，用Whose.

3. Whose + be + 主语，be 根据主语判断。

7）whose 句型的转换。e.g. Whose coat is this? →Whose is this coat?

（三）所有格：表示物或人的“所属”关系。

1、名词所有格的形式：

①名词之后直接+’s e.g.Mary―Mary’s Kate―Kate’s

②以s结尾的名词只加' e.g.students―students’

2、以上形式一般只用于有生命的名词，但也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词。

e.g. today’s newspaper; an hour’s walk; China’s city

3、注意：①表示两者或多者共有，在最后一个名词+ ’s。 e.g.Mike and Jim’s room.（共用，用单数）