高考短文改错学案精选

高考短文改错学案
Teaching aims: How to do proof reading.
Teaching importances: Master main mistakes appearing in the text and the methods to correct
them.
Teaching difficulties: Develop students the ability to do the proof reading correctly. Teaching methods: Independent and cooperative inquiry method
一、试题特征
A．文章多以学生角度写出，题材均与学生生活密切相关.
B．句子结构以简单句为主过渡到以复合句和并列句为主，每篇短文几乎都有一个或几个长句子，这就需要在这个长句子里判断出二到三个地方有错或无错，增加了试题难度.
C．短文中单词拼写，词序，大小写，标点，地名，人名，专有名词和注有中文的词语一般不设考点.
二、考点解析
考点一、名词
1. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait for your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate.(2014 四川卷)
2. I remember my grandfather very well. He was tall, with broad shoulder.
(2013 全国卷一)
3. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (2011全国卷)
4. When I finally arrived at my friend. He lent me lots of clothes. (2011 全国卷)
归纳总结：
考点二、动词及非谓语动词
1. This morning the dog starts barking even before 5 o’clock. (2014辽宁卷)
2. I was only four when she passes away. (2013全国卷一)
3. Suddenly arrows was flying down at us from the sky. (2014陕西卷)
4. What may surprise you are that I am going to the US this July.
5. Many people enjoy sports by watching others play. In American big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball game.
6. It is difficult to understanding why the dog barks every minute she is outside.
(2014 辽宁卷)
7. Don’t panic or get out of line and trying to remain quiet and calm. (2014四川卷)
8. One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. (2014陕西卷)
9. Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o’clock. (2013全国卷二)
10. On the box was a card say :“25 cents each.” (2010全国卷)
11. Seeing from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
归纳总结：
考点三、形容词和副词
1. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. (2014陕西卷)
2. I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. (2012全国卷)
3.I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buying a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend h ere and after that I would go to Xiamen for a long holiday. (2011全国卷)
4. However, he was the gentlest man I have never known. (2013全国卷一)
归纳总结：
考点四、代词
1. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. (2014陕西卷)
2.Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful m eals.
3. Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.
归纳总结：
考点五、冠词
1. That day I did not learnt much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! ( 2014陕西卷)
2. In a fact, he even scared my classmates away when they came over to play or do homework with me. (2013全国卷)
3. My friend Nick told me story about his experience in the US. (2010全国卷)
归纳总结：
考点六、介词
1. Although we have been delighted to have you as neighbors, we are hoping to settle something that bothers to us. (2014辽宁卷)
2. We appreciate your apologies and good will, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. (2014辽宁卷)
3. Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm goes off.
(2014四川卷)
4. I had all my money on my pocket. (2011全国卷)
归纳总结：
考点七、连词
1. If you notice that someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
(2014 四川卷)
2. He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.
3. But before long they began to see which was happening. (2012全国卷)
4. There, Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China
several times.
归纳总结：
三、【备考策略】如何做短文改错：
第一步：审题.通读全文，了解大意.全面把握文章整体(时态、题材及内容).
第二步：重读全文，应先确定一些明显的错误，以便疏通短文，化繁为简，为后面解题打开思路.许多问题可在这一阶段得到解决.从词法、句法到行文逻辑三方面着
手，逐句而不是逐行地分析、找错.
第三步：综观全篇，看错误类型的比例是否得当、前后逻辑是否一致、有无前后矛盾等现象.
第四步：认真检查，避免出现以下错误：符号不规范；一个词改为几个或几个改为一个；该大写的未大写；合成词只改了其中一部分等.
四、练习
假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误.每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词.
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉.
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词.
注意：1．每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改十处，多者（从第11处起）不计分
（一）(2012陕西）
My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downto wn area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.
high-
speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish.
（二）(2011 浙江)
I was playing at my cousin house. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did
There was one on particular I’d always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasn’t looking.Iguessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin again. I would always know I’d do ne something wrong. Late on, my aunt drove me home. When she dropped
me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back. She knows what had happened, but she thanked me
and ever mentioned it again.
（三）（2014浙江）
I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.
n’t find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.
No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.
一、名词归纳总结：从所有格、可数和不可数、单数还是复数的角度判断文章中名词的使用是否正确，名词的数或格有没有错误以及根据上下文的逻辑关系.
二、动词归纳总结：时态主要考查现在时与过去时的误用,句中一般没有时间状语.每年都考.要注意联系上下文,着眼于整个语篇的时态.通常整篇都是过去,突然一个句子用现在时.其
中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多.有时也涉及其他时态,如一般将来时,现在完成时等,但很少见.主谓是否一致(谓语动词的单、复数形式与主语保持一致) 及根据语意相对应的动词e，go，buy，sell等词的使用.
三、非谓语动词归纳总结：根据非谓语动词在句中的搭配、功能与表达的意义，判断在具体语境中该使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，判断to是介词还是不定式的符号，判断接带to还是不代to的不定式，根据语境和搭配判断使用非谓语动词的什么形式.
四、形容词副词归纳总结：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等.根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；修饰名词用形容词，系动词后常用形容词作表语；修饰动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词作状语.
五、代词归纳总结：主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性（包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性）、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用、某些不定代词的用法（尤其是在意思上用错）、代词在某些习语中的用法，及根据语意副词here,there,up ,down等的使用.
六、冠词归纳总结：短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别（包括 a 与 an 的区别）.其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词；另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点.
七、介词归纳总结：在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词及介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等.
八、连词归纳总结：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用，以及从属连词的漏用或误用.根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误.
九、平行结构归纳总结：平行结构借助于并列连词and ,but ,either or ,neither nor ,as well as,使其具有相同的语法结构，即动词与动词相配，形容词与形容词相配，短语与短语相配，分词与分词相配，不定式与不定式相配.。