大学体验英语综合教程4(第三版)课文翻译及课后答案(1-4单元期末考试范围)

8.

1. 随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(take on)

With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.

2. 他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment)

He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.

3. 闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to)

Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.

4. 说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心(conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst)

At best he 's ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.

5. 我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway)

We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.

9.

1.It seems that the only time fathers merit attention is when they are criticized for not helping enough with the housework ... or when they die .

看起来似乎父亲唯一值得人们提及的是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候（我怀疑这一说法的可靠性，因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟，给汽车换机油或其他一些典型的由男人们做的事），或者是在他们去世的时候

2. One exception to the “unnecessary father” syndrome is the glowing media attention that at home dad shave received.

这种“无需父亲”综合征的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。

3.By the same token, sole wage earners have less flexibility when it comes to leaving unsatisfying careers because of the loss of income such a job change entails.

同样，家庭唯一的工资收入者在想辞去不太满意的工作时，其灵活程度也要小一些，因为这种工作变换会使他们失去收入。

4.Today, there is widespread agreement among researchers thatthe absence of fathers form households causes serious problems for children, for society at large.

目前，研究者们普遍认为家庭中没有父亲会对小孩—继而也对整个社会—带来严重的问题。

5.As a society, we need to realize that fathers are just as important to children as mothers are—not onlyfor financial support, butfor emotional support, education and discipline as well.

作为一个社会，我们需要认识到，对于孩子来说，父亲是与母亲同等重要的，不仅仅在经济支持上，而且

在感情依靠、教育和纪律训导方面都是如此。

6.

Mounting evidence suggests that men and women think differently, and this seems to hold true in the unfortunate case of prejudice. New research by evolutionary psychologists at Michigan State University suggests that prejudice in men tends to be linked to aggression, while prejudice in women tends to be linked to fear. These research ers propose a “male

warrior hypothesis” in order to explain how our history of group conflict may have shaped male and female psychologies in distinct ways. Essentially, men are more likely to start wars and to defend their own group, sometimes in very risky and self-sacrificial ways. Attacking other groups represents an opportunity to offset these costs by gaining access to mates, territory, resources and increased status. Women, meanwhile, live under the threat of sexual coercion by foreign aggressors, and are

apt to display a“tend-and-befriend response”toward mem bers of their own group, while maintaining a fear of strangers in order to protect themselves and their offspring.

越来越多的证据显示男人和女人的想法不同，这似乎适用于偏见这种令人遗憾的情况。密歇根州立大学进化心理学家新的研究显示，男人的偏见倾向于与侵略行为有关，而女人的偏见则倾向于与恐惧有关。这些研究者提出了一种男人皆武士的假设”，以便解释群体冲突的历史是如何以独特的方式塑造男人和女人的心理世界的。

本质上，男人更有可能发动战争，以保卫他们的群体，有时他们会以一种非常冒险的和自我牺牲的方式来这样做。攻击其他群体意味着有机会补偿这些损失，并且可以有机会得到配偶、领土、资源和地位的提升。与此同时，女人生活在外来侵略者性胁迫的威胁下，对自己的同伙往往容易表现出“照顾和结友”的反应，而保持一种对陌生人的恐惧以保护她们自己和后代。

8.

1. 宪法规定公民享有言论自由。(provide for)

The Constitution provides for citizen’s freedom of speech.

2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法，因此常发生争吵。(grow out of; bring up)

Our constant quarrels grew out of the diverse ideas on how to bring up children.

3. 我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before)

We have learned some words long before we can read.

4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the more ... the more)

Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better.

5. 新税法不是要惩罚富人，而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather)

The new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor.

9.

1.The feeling is that the home alone can provide anything resembling a satisfactory arrangement for the old and the young.

人们的感觉是只有家庭才能给老人与幼童提供使他们会产生满足感的一切。

2.But for the young, it is to be taken for granted that not much need be said, since there is natural paternal affection.

对子女来说，享有父母的呵护毋庸多说，因为这是一种本能的父辈的情感。