英语国家概况-英国Unit two

89.4 percent lives urban areas and 10.6 percent lives in rural areas.
The central belt contains around half of the UK’s population.
Linguistic composition语言构成
5,078,400 2,952,500 1,710,300
383
65 142 125
England has the highest population density. It is most populated area in the UK.
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu the UK population is overwhelmingly urban.
The total population of the United Kindom is around 60 million.
English 81.5% Scottish 9.6% Irish Welsh Ulster 2.4% 1.9% 1.8%
2.8% West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, and other
The British people are often regarded as a “mixed ”people,meaning that they are from different ethnic groups in the courses of history. Their origins have been complicated by intermarriage and relocation
In the 20th centuries The Jews came to escape persecution 1930s-1940s, the Great Depression and World War, refugees flooded to Britain From late 1940s,people from non-white new commonwealth nation of India, Pakistan and West Indies(西印度群岛） were invited to help reconstruct the war- stricken country as manual workers
During the 8th and 9th centuries, a substantial numbers of Scandinavians/Vikings（斯堪的纳维亚人） raided and settled in the British and Ireland. In 1066 French Normans conquered England adding yet another ethnic component. (the last major group to add their stock to the British population)
UK 1901-1911 1911-1921 1921-1931 1931-1951 1951-1961 1961-1971 1971-1981
Births 1091 975 824 793 839 962 736
Deaths 624 689 555 603 593 638 666
Natural change 467 286 268 190 246 324 69
Around 1330,Dutch and Flemish weaves arrived . (荷兰/弗兰德人) In the following centuries, other newcomers continued to arrive from overseas, including Gypsies（吉卜赛）,enslaved blacks and a further wave of Jews.（犹太人）
More than 92.1 percent of the population is white, 2 percent of black; India 1.8 percent Pakistani 1.3 percent; mixed 1.2percent and other 1.6 percent. Minority ethnic groups are more likely to live in England.
•The formation of Modern English
Because of the aggressions from Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Vikings, English was deeply affected by the Germanic dialects and the language of the Danes. Then from the 11th to 14th century ,under the Frenchspeaking Norman kings, a hybrid speech combining Anglo-Saxons and Norman French elements developed and gradually became the official language known as Middle English. This hybrid language ,along with many additions from many other language in the world, subsequently evolved into modern English.
The population of the United Kingdom has been increasing since at least 1086 AD
In mid-2005 the UK was home to 60.2 million people.
The population took on the characteristics of a modern , developed and prosperous state
The earlist people known in Britain were nomads（游牧 者） from mainland Europe in the Old Stone Age（旧石 器时代）,followed by Neolithic（新石器时代） Iberians （伊比利亚人) and the Beaker Folk(比克人） in the Bronze Age（青铜器时代） Between 600BC and 43AD, there was a movement of Celtic（凯尔特） tribes also from Europe, bring an iron age civilization and two languages that become later Gaelic and Welsh. Between the 5th and 7th centuries, Germanic people from Europe---The Angles盎格鲁人,the Saxons撒克逊 人 and the Jutes朱特人 ---arrived in massive numbers, who have come to constitute British’s present predominant stock. （British，English）
Unit Two The People
Contents
1
Ethnic composition
Demographic Composition
2
3
Linguistic composition
4 5
Class structure
The British identity?
1. Ethnic Composition 种族构成
From :en.wikipedia.org

the population density of the UK
the density of each country
Country Population density
England
Scotland Wales Northern Ireland
50,093,800
Migration and other -82 -92 -67 22 12 -12 -27
1981-1991 1991-2001 2001-2008
757 731 722
655 631 588
103 100 134
5 61 191
The characteristic can also be seen in the age bracket The pie chart shows the percentages of age structure throughout the United Kingdom
Angles , Saxons and Jutes ( the 5th century AD )
Vikings ( the AD 790 )
influenced by the Frenchspeaking Norman king
From 11th to 14th century, Middle English came into being.
In the 16th and 17th centuries, the country received a large numbers of refugees. During the two hundred years after 1700, no more large immigrants. During the 19th centuries, with industrialization going on Britain, large migratory movements took place at home where people flocked from countryside to urban places
Demographic composition人口构成
Domesday Book 1086 Black death pandemic of mid-14 century.1/3 people died By the end of 19th century, the population took on characteristics of a modern developed and prosperous state. Life expectancy 平均寿命 male：75.94% female：80.96%（2005） above the age 65：15.8% under the age 14:17.7 Population of 60,209,500,ranking 18th in the world
English is the official language in the UK, and is the first language monolingually spoken roughly by 95% The use of it in the UK has a strong association with class and social status. Irish, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic Additional indigenous languages included lowland Scots and Romans