第十五章 副词

第15章 副词

15.1 副词的类型

15.1.1 副词的类型

副词大体上可分为下面几类：

● 时间副词 ● 地点副词 ● 方式副词 ● 程度副词 ● 强调副词 ● 疑问副词 ● 连接副词 ● 关系副词 ● 句子副词

15.1.2 时间副词

时间副词有三类：

1) 表示发生时间的副词：

It’s beginning to rain now! I haven’t seen her recently. Will you be free tonight? 常见的这类副词有：

She is constantly changing her mind.

We do meet now and ten, but not regularly. Lester rarely (seldom) left his room.

3)

还有一些其他表示时间的副词：

I’ll be back presently (shortly).

What decision did you finally arrive at? Nancy was up early.

He has just had an operation. 1) 有不少表示地点的副词：

She is studying abroad.

If he is not here, he's about somewhere.

They moved downtown.

Then I went upstairs to bed.

这类副词主要有：

3) 还有一些地点副词表示地区范围等：

We have no shops locally.

Fortunately the news was not yet spread widely.

Eight million people globally are infected with the virus.

The theory has been universally accepted.

Let’s go anywhere where it’s quiet.

Where did you go? —nowhere.

If she doesn’t like it here, she can go elsewhere.

It’s the same everywhere.

I seemed to have met you somewhere.

15.1.4 方式副词

英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：She gently refused to accept the gifts.

These countries were ruthlessly invaded.

They hoped to see the problem settled peacefully.

How beautifully your wife dances.

下面是一些常见的这类副词：

2) 还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：

This I gladly accepted.

He shook hands eagerly with Sherlock Holmes.

She smiled gratefully.

He looked at her sadly.

The process was controlled automatically.

They trafficked in smuggled goods openly.

He left the town secretly.

I only met her accidentally.

I had to work all alone.

So you buy wholesale or retail?

She was to fly solo the next day.

He spoke impromptu.

15.1.5 程度副词和强调副词

1) 程度副词可修饰动词，表示“到某种程度”：

I'm extremely disappointed in him.

He loved his mother dearly.

I strongly object to your saying that.

I she badly hurt?

常见的这类副词有:

这类副词除修饰动词外，还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b)：

2) 强调副词和程度副词很相近，有些就是程度副词。它们主要对所修饰的动词(a)、形容词(b)加以强调：

a.I quite agree.

He knew absolutely nothing.

Your attitude simply amazes me.

b.You're entirely wrong.

She's perfectly correct.

The food is just wonderful.

这类副词主要有：

3) much是一个特殊的程度副词，它可以：

a. 修饰副词（特别是用在否定句中）：

she didn’t talk much.

I don’t much like the idea.

Thank you very much.

Do you go to the cinema much?

b. 修饰形容词等：

I'm much obliged to you for telling me.

I'm not much good at singing.

I'm very much afraid that she won't come.

Much to my surprise she forgot our meeting.

c.和形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用：

You sing much better than me.

Their house is much nicer than ours.

That was much the best meal I've had for a long time.

d.和how, so ,too等词连用：

How much do you like him?

He would so much like to go.

She is much too busy to see visitors.

15.1.6 疑问副词、连接副词和关系副词

1) 疑问副词：

疑问副词用来引导特殊问句：

How:

How is your grandmother’s rheumatism?

How long ago was it?

How do we get to the town center from here?

where:

Where did you study medicine?

Where does she come from?

Where does this affect us?

when:

When can you come?

When did you hear about it?

When is the contract effective from?

why:

why was she so late?

Why didn’t you come by plane?

Why not go by taxi?

2) 连接副词：

连接副词意思和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与不定式连用：how:

That’s how I look at it.

Tell me how you're getting on.

How all this happened was a mystery.