雅思流程图及其他

例题 2 The diagram below shows the process of recycling bottles.
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参考范文： This diagram illustrates the recycling process of glass bottles, which can be divided into three main stages. In the first stage, used bottles are collected at a recycling point ready to be transported by a truck. And the second stage is to deal with the collected bottles in a factory. All starts in a cleaning plant, where these recycled bottles are washed by high-pressurized water and sorted by color into green, brown and clear ones. When the cleaning is done, the bottles are conveyed to the recycling plant where they are cut into glass pieces, which are then poured into a furnace. After being heated in the furnace, the broken glasses are melted into liquid, which flows into a glass mold. Here glass liquid from other sources is added and the molding process takes place. In the final phase, new, empty bottles are filled with liquid, then packed and dispatched to the supermarket ready to be picked by consumers. At this point, a cycle has been completed and a new cycle will begin. 173 words 精彩句型回放：
7.2 实战举例 例题 1 来源：c6t3 The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
如此来说，我们可以动手来写这篇作文了，但你会发现两个基本问题：第一，写出来的句子 简单句居多，句型单一，句间关系松散；第二，衔接词贫乏。这应该是流程图写作中的两个 难点。 我们先来看考官范文，然后进行详细总结。
The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm. First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself. After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.
In The initial/primary/first phase is to … The second stage takes …(时间)/takes place in …(地点)/ The next procedure is to … In the last/final stage, … After this process/procedure, … From the diagram, we can see clearly how…/the progression(development) of… . Overall, the flow chart tells us ….
表示时间顺序 1) first; first of all; in the first/initial stage; second; next; then; afterwards; thereafter;
finally; at the same time; simultaneously; meanwhile;——全为副词（或短语）， 虽是简单，却可增强逻辑，有效衔接！ 2) and; and then; ——写出并列句：把句子写长最经济有效的方法！ 3) After; before; prior to; until; when; ——不管是介词还是连词，都既可以增强衔接， 又使句间关系紧凑！ 表示限定/补充说明：三个定语从句引导词 1) That/which: 十天以后，每个蚕子（egg）变为幼虫（silkworm larva）,幼虫以桑叶为食。 _______________________________________________________________
分析： 本题实际上是两个流程图，一个描述了蚕的周期变化，另一个描述了蚕茧如何做成丝绸/丝
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布，当然两个图有一定的联系。
流程图的写作要注意以下事项： 第一， 找到流程起点，按照箭头方向，仔细看图，理解图意； 第二， 如果出现生词，结合图中信息进行猜测，多数生词可以直接代入； 第三， 按图中步骤、分阶段进行描述，不要省略其中环节； 第四， 一定要使用表示逻辑顺序的衔接词； 第五， 通常选用一般现在时，注意主谓一致，注意适当使用被动语态；
例题 3 来源：c5t3
考官作文：
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本题为地图题，需要我们描述事物的空间位置，所以应该按空间顺序组织文章顺序，比如从 左到右，从上到下，从里到外，等等。在写作过程中，方位词极为关键。总结如下：
2) Where:表地点，一般在流程图中引导非限定性定语从句
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把选好的蚕茧放入水中，在此将其煮沸。 _______________________________________________________________ The well-selected cocoons are poured into water, where they are boild.
当瓶子清洗完毕，他们被运送到回收车间(recycling plant)，在这里切成碎片，然后倒 入熔炉（furnace）当中。 _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
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练习： 碎玻璃被倒入熔炉(furnace)当中，在这里加热并熔化为液态玻璃(liquid glass)，液态玻 璃紧接着流进模具(mould)里面。 _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 答案：The glass pieces are poured into a furnace, where they are heated and melted into liquid, which flows into a glass mould.
其次，要避免句型单一化，我们还可以采用一定的语言手段： 被动语态： 千万不能小觑，中文倾向于使用主动语态，如果写作英语句子时能适当使用，必将有助 于句型多样化。 考官作文里有 7 个被动语态或过去分词（以斜体形式标出）。 词性变化： 在写流程图时，图中信息可能是以名词、动名词、动词呈现的， 我们写作时需有意识 地在其三者间互换。比如，上图中 food 可以转换为 feed, select 也完全可以写 selection。
赏析：本句中有三个关联词值得高度关注：when, where, which。尤其是后两个，流程图中 往往涉及地点转移，因此很多地方可以用 where 来进行补充说明；同时一个事物/事件联系 着前后不同阶段，所以可以使用 which 来作纽带。有了这三个词，就不会把句子全写为简 单句了。同时，注意被动语态的使用。
The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk clith. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.
Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process. 163 words 考官作文已经很好的解决了刚才我们提到的两个问题，下划线部分已经给我们了很多启示。 现总结如下： 首先，流程图中最关键的是使用恰当 衔接手段 ，一方面增强文章连贯性，另一方面，可以 避免写太多的简单句，使句间的语法关系增强。
构思： 开头段 中间段落
结尾段
引入+总体分为 n 阶段 按步骤分别描写每一个阶段； 需要的话，可进行合理想象，以某种程度扩展字数； 可能的话按阶段分段； 重述此图总体内容或阶段，注意换用表达方式
流程图必备表达： This diagram/flow chart/figure shows/reflects/illustrates the process of …, which can be divided into … stages/steps/phases/parts. The life of the silkworm consists of four main stages. There are three phases in the lifecycle of a butterfly.(下划线部分为句型结构)
When the cleaning is done, the bottles are conveyed to the recycling plant where they are cut into glass pieces, which are then poured into a furnace.