高考阅读理解解题技巧精讲精析

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧

一、阅读理解的答题步骤及注意事项

1、先看问题，再读文章

带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句

2、细读全文，认真推敲

细心阅读与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些关键信息词

3、复读全文，验证答案

在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文

二、能力·思维·方法

1、主旨大意题：

这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Main idea)，选择标题（title），判断作者的写作目的（purpose）等，这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在结尾。当然更重要的是从全文去把握.

常见问题形式有：

(1)The subject/topic of the article is ……

(2)Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?

(3)What does the passage/author mainly discuss?

(4)What’s the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage?

(5)Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

主旨大意题应注意的问题：

1）开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式.

Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.

2）首尾呼应.为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见. 但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味.

(首段）Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.” she said…

（尾段）“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes. ”Shu said.

3）先表述细节,后归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式

【注意】分清细节和结论

4）无主题句.即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事

实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分.

【例题】

Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

Q: What is the main idea of the passage?＿＿＿＿

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.

B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.

D. A good lawyer needs good education.

2、事实细节题：

主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力,问题主要包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考具体细节。

常见问题形式有

（1）三正一误(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或三误一正：

Which of the following is true/false except…? Which of the following is mentioned except…?

（2）定义（3）年代与数字（4）比较（5）原因和结果

细节理解应注意的问题：

1）对应性正确答案应与文中的细节一一对应

2）准确性此类题更多地倾向于将题目中的信息与原文有关细节信息进行语义上的转换，在转换过程中，做题时易犯的错误是未注意到转换的准确性，常常将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变，从而导致错误。

3）区分性：有时命题人会故意利用一些貌合神离的手段，比如给出与原文中一模一样的字眼来迷惑考生，让考生不加思索地选定答案，而实际上选项中的字眼与文中的相同字眼压根就不是对应同一事情.

【例题1】Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions（导致温室效应的气体排放）,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live there,” Laupepa told the BBC.

56．Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .

A．agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu

C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D．believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real

3、推理判断题：

要求考生在理解原文直接陈述观点的基础上领悟作者的言外之意，进行符合逻辑的推理，得出符合作者意愿的结论。即要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到过的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理（指准确地