影响大学生睡眠质量的因素分析及对策建议

影响大学生睡眠质量的因素分析及对策建议

——以西南大学为例

中文摘要

睡眠是人每天生活中必需经历的心理生理过程，对人的身心健康起着无可替代的作用。对于大学生来说，他们的身体和心智都在不断完善，睡眠对他们的发展显得尤为重要。但是当今大学生面临着学习压力、就业压力、人际关系等各种社会问题，这些错综复杂的问题对他们的睡眠造成了一定的影响。当一部分大学生存在睡眠问题时，睡眠问题就不再是一个个人问题，而是社会群体的问题。本文根据国内外前辈对睡眠质量的研究，从社会学的视角来看待大学生这一群体的睡眠质量问题，采用了匹兹堡睡眠质量量表及自编社会因素多选题，对西南大学部分学生进行了睡眠质量及影响睡眠质量的社会因素调查。旨在分析当今社会的社会结构、社会关系、社会变迁等给大学生睡眠质量造成的相关影响。

此次调查得出，大学生总体睡眠质量大部分处于中等及以上水平，但仍有14.72%的大学生存在睡眠障碍。不同性别、不同年龄、不同年级、文理科、来自农村或城镇、父母受教育程度、家庭收入情况与睡眠质量的相关性不显著。

其次，本研究发现，对于住校的大学生来说，影响睡眠质量的主要原因来于与自身戚戚相关的日常生活，如“学习压力”、“作息不规律”、“生活空虚”等，其次来自于朝夕相处的同学、朋友，如“同学间人际关系淡薄”、“恋爱关系破裂”等，再次是来自相对住校大学生实际距离较远的家庭，如“与父母沟通障碍”、“父母不和”等。

最后，在此次对大学生睡眠质量影响因素的调查中得出，“学习压力大”、“作息不规律”、“生活空虚”这三个因素对大学生睡眠质量影响力最大。人是社会的一部分，社会的方方面面都会对人产生影响，本文无法对所有因素进行一一分析，所以就根据问卷所得出的对大学生睡眠质量影响最大的三个因素进行研究。通过分析“学习压力大”、“作息不规律”、“生活空虚”这三种因素在大学生群体中产生的原因、对学生睡眠产生的影响，提出了针对性的建议。通过排除或减少大学生生活中这三种社会现象的产生来达到提高大学生的睡眠质量的效果。

关键词：大学生睡眠质量睡眠障碍社会因素

ABSTRACT

Sleep is necessary in the daily life experience, which is also psychological and physiological process.The person's physical and mental health plays an irreplaceable role. For

college students, their physical and mental improvement, sleep is particularly important for their development. But today's college students facing academic pressure, the pressure on employment, interpersonal relationships, social issues, these complex issues have caused some impact on their sleep. When the number of university students have problems sleeping, sleep problems is no longer a personal matter, but social groups. According to domestic and foreign predecessors on the quality of sleep, the sociological perspective to look at this group of college students sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale and self social factors, multiple choice, some students of the Southwest University sleep quality and social factors that affect sleep quality survey. Aims to analyze the impact of today's society the social structure, social relations, social change, to the students sleep quality.

The surveys turns out that, most of the students' overall quality of sleep in the middle and above level, but there are still 14.72% of college students have sleep disorders. Different genders, different ages, different grades, the arts and sciences, from rural or urban areas, parents' educational level, family income and quality of sleep, not correlated.

Secondly, the study found that for college students live on campus, the main reason affecting the quality of sleep in daily life, such as academic pressure, irregular work and rest, "the emptiness of their lives", second from the day and night to get along classmates, friends, students, interpersonal weak "and" love relationship breakdown, again from relatively college students the actual distance of families live on campus, such as "communication barriers with their parents, parents and etc.

Drawn in the investigation of the social factors, "study pressure, irregular work and rest," the emptiness of their lives "of these three social factors influence sleep quality of college students. Is part of the community, all aspects of society will have an impact on human, not all social factors one by one analysis, so the research problem derived three factors the greatest impact on college students sleep quality. By analyzing the learning pressure, irregular work and rest, "the emptiness of their lives" of these three causes of social phenomena in the student population, the impact of student sleep, targeted recommendations. Eliminate or reduce the generation of college students living in three social phenomena to improve the quality of college students sleep effect.

Key words: college student, sleep quality, sleep disorders, social factors