欧洲文化入门复习资料第三部分

欧洲文化入门复习资料第三部分

2006-4-28 15:52自考365社区【大中小】【我要纠错】

第三章

1、the Middle ages名词解释

In European history，the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.

2、The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific （具体说来），from the 5th century to 15th century.

3、The transitional （过渡时期）period is called the middle ages，between

ancient times and modern times.

4、The transitional （过渡时期）period is called the 17th century，between

the middle ages and modern times.

5、In 476 A.D. a Germanic （日耳曼）general killed the last Roman emperor

and took control of the government. 西罗马476灭，东罗马1653年灭

6、Feudalism名词解释

Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding （土地所有）— a system of holding land in exchange for military service （军事力量）。The word “feudalism” was derived （来源）from the Latin “feudum”，a grant （许可的）

of land.

7、fiefs（次划分）名词解释

In Feudalism，the ruler of the government redivided the large lands into small pieces to be given to chancellors （有功的大臣）or soldiers as a reward （奖赏）for their service. The subdivisions were called fiefs.

8、vassals （占有fiefs的人）名词解释

In Feudalism，the ruler of the government redivided the large lands into small pieces to be given to chancellors （有功的大臣）or soldiers as a reward （奖赏）for their service. The subdivisions were called fiefs. The owners of the fiefs

was call vassals.

9、code of chivalry （骑士制度）名词解释

As a knight，he were pledged to protect the weak，to fight for the church，to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry，from which the western idea of good manners

developed.

10、dubbing （骑士头衔加冕仪式）名词解释

After a knight was successful in his trained and tournaments，there was always a special ceremony （选择）to award him with a title，knight. This special

ceremony is called dubbing.

11、knight trained for war by fighting each other in mock battles called

tournaments.（模拟战场）

12、The crusades ended up with the victory of Moslems.（穆斯林）

13、The Manor （领地所有制）名词解释

The centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords （农场主）。By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.

14、After 1054，the church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and

the Eastern Orthodox Church.

15、The Catholic Church made Latin the official language and helped to preserve （保留）and pass on the heritage （传统）of the Roman Empire.

16、The word “catholic”，meant “universal”。（广泛的，无处不在的）

17、St. Jerome，who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from

the Hebrew and Greek originals. Vulgate （拉丁语圣经）

18、Early Monasticism （早期修道院制）名词解释

Between 300 and 500 A.D.，many men withdrew from （放弃了）worldly contacts to deserts and lonely places. This movement developed into the establishment of monasteries （男）and convents （女）for monks and nuns. Some of the hermits （隐士）were great scholars known as “Father of the Church”，whose work is generally considered orthodox.（东正教）

19、Augustine —→“Confession”（坦白）and “The City of God” （上帝之都）

20、St. Benedict —→founded Benedictine Rule about 529 A.D. （专门给清

修的人制定的法律）

21、The Inquisition （问讯厅）to stamp out so-called heresy.异教

22、The most important of all courses was Jerusalem. （耶路撒冷）

23、Crusades went on about 200 years.

24、There were altogether eight chief Crusades.