航空发动机压气机转子叶片强度计算及气流场模拟

航空发动机压气机转子叶片强度计算及气流场模拟

摘要

压气机是为航空发动机提供需要压缩空气的关键部分，由转子和静子等组成，其中转子叶片是完成该功能的核心零件，在能量转换方面起着至关重要的作用。叶片工作的环境比较恶劣，除了承受高转速下的气动力、离心力和高振动负荷外，还要承受热应力，所以在叶片设计之中，首先遇到的问题是叶片结构的强度问题，转子叶片强度的高低直接影响发动机的运行可靠性，叶片强度不足，可能会直接导致叶片的疲劳寿命不足，因此在强度设计中必须尽量增大强度，以提高叶片疲劳寿命和可靠性。

由进气道、转子、静子等组成的离心式压气机内部流动通道是非常复杂的，由于压气机是发动机的主要增压设备，其工作的好坏对发动机的性能有很大的影响。随着现在的计算机和数字计算方法的大力发展，三维计算流体模拟软件越来越多的被运用到旋转机械的内部流场进行数值分析。本文利用三维流体模拟软件ANSYS系列软件对压气机内部的气体流动性能进行模拟，得到一些特征截面的压力和速度分布情况。

关键字：转子叶片；强度计算；Fluent；轴流式压气机

Abstract

The compressor is to provide compressed air for the needs of key parts of aero engine, the rotor and the stator, etc., wherein the rotor blades are core components to complete the function, plays a crucial role in the transformation of energy. The blade working environment is relatively poor, in addition to withstand high speed aerodynamics, centrifugal force and vibration in high load, to withstand greater thermal stress, so in the blade design, the first problem is the strength of the blade structure, the rotor blade strength directly affect the reliability of the engine, blade lack of strength, may directly lead to the fatigue life of the blade is insufficient, so the strength design must try to increase the strength, to improve the blade fatigue life and reliability.

The internal flow passage of centrifugal compressor inlet, rotor and stator which is very complex, is mainly due to the high pressure equipment of the engine, has great impact on the performance of the quality of its work on the engine. With the development of computer and digital calculation method, 3D computational fluid simulation software has been applied to numerical analysis of internal flow field of rotating machines. In this paper, the fluid flow characteristics in the compressor are simulated by using a series of ANSYS software, and the pressure and velocity distributions of some characteristic sections are obtained.

Keywords: rotor blade; strength calculation; Fluent; axial flow compressor

目录

1 引言 (1)

1.1课题介绍 (1)

1.2研究方法 (1)

1.2.1 直接计算法 (1)

1.2.2 有限元分析法 (2)

2转子叶片 (2)

2.1叶身结构 (3)

2.2榫头结构 (5)

2.3叶片截面的几何特征 (7)

3叶片强度计算 (10)

3.1叶片受力分析 (10)

3.2离心拉应力计算 (10)

3.3离心弯应力计算 (12)

3.4气流弯应力计算 (15)

3.5叶片热载荷 (18)

3.6榫头强度计算 (19)

4压气机内气流场的模拟 (21)

4.1Fluent软件介绍 (21)

4.2 双向流固耦合 (22)

4.3模型建立 (23)

4.3.1实体模型的建立 (23)

4.3.2ICEM CFD网格划分 (27)

4.3.3相关条件的设置 (28)

4.4运行结果和分析 (29)

4.4.1速度计算和分析 (29)

4.4.2压力场计算和分析 (31)

5结束语 (33)

【参考文献】 (34)

致谢 (35)

附录1 相关英文文献: (36)

附录2英文文献中文译文: (50)