英语词汇学课程课件
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英语词汇学课件Unit
Combining two or more words to create a new word, e.g., "eyewitness," "motherland."
Synthesis
Changing the form of a word to create a new word or expression, e.g., "run" to "ran," "walk" to "walk a walk."
Blending: Combining the sounds or parts of two words to create a new word, e.g., "smog," "break."
Prefixes and suffixes that are added to the beginning or end of words to modify their meanings or functions, e.g. "un -" in "unhappy," "- ness" in "happiness."
The rapid pace of technological advancement has greatly influenced the English vocabulary New terms related to technology, such as "cyberpunk" or "algorithm," have entered the language to describe these advancements
Chapter 8 English Idioms 英语词汇学 教学课件
Stylistic Features
❖ A large proportion of idioms were first created by working people:
❖ in deep water, tide over, take the helm by seamen;
❖ kill two birds with on stone, if you run after two hares, you will catch neither used by hunters;
❖ Occasionally, we may find changes in constituents of idioms
❖ Replacement ❖ Addition or deletion ❖ position-shifting ❖ shortening ❖ dismembering.
First
❖ Strictly speaking, idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual elements.
Introduction
❖ for example: ❖ fly off the handle, put up with ❖ In a broad sense, idioms may include
Rhetorical Features
❖ Apart from the stylistic features, idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring in such respects as:
词汇学第九章课件
Many idioms are semantically inexplicable. 许多习语在语义上是无法解释的。
9.1.2 Structural Stability结构 的稳定性
01 T h e s t r u c t u re of a n idiom is to a large extent unchangeable. 一个习语的结构在很大程 度上是不可改变的。
9.2 Classification of idioms习语的分类
01
The standard of Classification of idioms is The criterion
02
of ’grammatical function’.习语的分类标准是语法功能的 标准 。
9.2.1 Idioms nominal in
主要是谚语和格言，包 括口语词和时髦语
The forms and functions of idioms are not necessarily identical. 习语的形式 和功能并非完全相同。 E.g. pepper and salt His hair is pepper and salt.他的头发黑白 相间
❖ 3.Figure of speech 修辞手法
❖ I. Simile 明喻
❖ II .Metaphor 暗语
Animal to refer to people.
❖ III.Metonymy 借代
❖ Synecdoche 提喻法
.——means using a part for a whole， an individual for a class a material for a thing or the reverse of any of these. 部分代替整体或整体代替部分
9.1.2 Structural Stability结构 的稳定性
01 T h e s t r u c t u re of a n idiom is to a large extent unchangeable. 一个习语的结构在很大程 度上是不可改变的。
9.2 Classification of idioms习语的分类
01
The standard of Classification of idioms is The criterion
02
of ’grammatical function’.习语的分类标准是语法功能的 标准 。
9.2.1 Idioms nominal in
主要是谚语和格言，包 括口语词和时髦语
The forms and functions of idioms are not necessarily identical. 习语的形式 和功能并非完全相同。 E.g. pepper and salt His hair is pepper and salt.他的头发黑白 相间
❖ 3.Figure of speech 修辞手法
❖ I. Simile 明喻
❖ II .Metaphor 暗语
Animal to refer to people.
❖ III.Metonymy 借代
❖ Synecdoche 提喻法
.——means using a part for a whole， an individual for a class a material for a thing or the reverse of any of these. 部分代替整体或整体代替部分
《英语词汇学第一章》PPT课件
A morpheme may be represented by one syllable, lik e boy and child, or by two or more syllables, as in la· dy, cro·co·dile, etc.
• B. Allomorphs 词素变体 • A morpheme may take various shapes or forms. • 如：books, pigs, horses共同词素是什么？ • 曲折词素-(e)s。 • 有三种不同发音：/-s, -z, -iz/
• An elusive notion • have has had ？ • friend friends ？
• entry词条in a dictionary --- lexeme 词位 • word form 词形：词的不同形状 • lexical unit 词汇单位：一个词形跟一个意义的结合
• Definition: • A word is an independent, minimal, meaningful linguistic unit.
• 粘着词根大多源自希腊语或拉丁语，不能独立使用。
• 观察下面几个单词，找出共同词根： • revive, vitamin, vital, vivacious, vivid • 拉丁词根：vit-/viv-, 意思：life or live • 复兴，复活；维生素；十分重要的；生机勃勃的，活泼的；生动的
zable into smaller forms. • 词素是语言中最小的语音语义结合体。(P13)
• Q: What’s the difference between a “word” & a “morpheme”? • 词：能独立运用的、最小的语音语义结合体 • 词素：不一定能独立运用 • Example • 试分析：denationalization共有几个词素？ • nation • nation+al • nation+al+ize • de-nation+al+ize • de-nation-al-iz-ation 使非国有化,使私营化
• B. Allomorphs 词素变体 • A morpheme may take various shapes or forms. • 如：books, pigs, horses共同词素是什么？ • 曲折词素-(e)s。 • 有三种不同发音：/-s, -z, -iz/
• An elusive notion • have has had ？ • friend friends ？
• entry词条in a dictionary --- lexeme 词位 • word form 词形：词的不同形状 • lexical unit 词汇单位：一个词形跟一个意义的结合
• Definition: • A word is an independent, minimal, meaningful linguistic unit.
• 粘着词根大多源自希腊语或拉丁语，不能独立使用。
• 观察下面几个单词，找出共同词根： • revive, vitamin, vital, vivacious, vivid • 拉丁词根：vit-/viv-, 意思：life or live • 复兴，复活；维生素；十分重要的；生机勃勃的，活泼的；生动的
zable into smaller forms. • 词素是语言中最小的语音语义结合体。(P13)
• Q: What’s the difference between a “word” & a “morpheme”? • 词：能独立运用的、最小的语音语义结合体 • 词素：不一定能独立运用 • Example • 试分析：denationalization共有几个词素？ • nation • nation+al • nation+al+ize • de-nation+al+ize • de-nation-al-iz-ation 使非国有化,使私营化
词汇学PPT课件
b. Borrowed words
Borrowed words (loan words): are words taken from foreign languages.
Origin of borrowed words
Danish Latin Italian Arabic Russian
French Greek Spanish Chinese German
4. Meaning and concept
How are words related
to things?
4. Meaning and concept
Word → concept → referent
referent ↗↖
Word → concept
4. Meaning and concept
Features of native words
in structure: mostly monosyllabic words in meaning: express the fundamental
concepts dealing with everyday
objects and things in grammar: include most parts of speech
1. Definition of a Word
I love you!
I hate you!
1. Definition of a Word
What is a word?
Major Features of Words
What are the major features of words?
（杨信彰，2009）
1.terminology 术语 2.jargon 行话
词汇学第三单元ppt课件
名人的姓名也经常以缩略词的形式出现，首字母缩略词加不 加圆点，用法各异，英国人经常不加圆点，美国人经常加圆 点,但总是倾向不加圆点。
例：萧伯纳 George Bernard Shaw (G.B.S.)
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Ⅲ.首字母拼音词
• 把首字母组成的缩略词拼读成一个词，就是首字 母拼音词。
• 涉及面：科技用语；组织名称；产品名称；国际 机构等
截短词有鲜明的文体色彩，只适用于口语或非正 式场合。例如，exam（考试）、prof（教授） 拼写稍作改动，以便发音。例如dub double（为 电影配音）
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II. 首字母缩略词
• 首字母缩略法是将社团名称、特殊名词短语或专 业术语的第一个字母组合在一起的构词方法。利 用第一个词的首字母代表一个词组的缩略词，就 叫做首字母缩略词。
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• 个别截短词演变出新的词义
例如，fan（体育运动、电影等爱好者）来自fanatic （狂热者，入迷者）。
• 截短词和原词同时存在，但截短词是通用的词， 而原词却不常用，甚至带有书卷气。
例如：lunch luncheon（午餐）、movie movie picture（电影） 词义有分工，例如，cute（小巧可爱的） acute （敏锐的）、mend（修理） amend（修订、改 良）、spy（间谍） espy（窥见）
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IV.拼缀词
拼缀法：将两个词的某一部分合并，或者在一个词上加上另一 个词的一部分而构成新词的一种方法，拼缀法只能裁剪两个词 中的一个，把一个不完整的词和一个完整的词拼成另一个词，
这样的构词方法叫做“拼缀词”，“合成词”“混成词 （teleseope word）”或者“行囊词（portmanteau word）”
例：萧伯纳 George Bernard Shaw (G.B.S.)
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Ⅲ.首字母拼音词
• 把首字母组成的缩略词拼读成一个词，就是首字 母拼音词。
• 涉及面：科技用语；组织名称；产品名称；国际 机构等
截短词有鲜明的文体色彩，只适用于口语或非正 式场合。例如，exam（考试）、prof（教授） 拼写稍作改动，以便发音。例如dub double（为 电影配音）
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II. 首字母缩略词
• 首字母缩略法是将社团名称、特殊名词短语或专 业术语的第一个字母组合在一起的构词方法。利 用第一个词的首字母代表一个词组的缩略词，就 叫做首字母缩略词。
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• 个别截短词演变出新的词义
例如，fan（体育运动、电影等爱好者）来自fanatic （狂热者，入迷者）。
• 截短词和原词同时存在，但截短词是通用的词， 而原词却不常用，甚至带有书卷气。
例如：lunch luncheon（午餐）、movie movie picture（电影） 词义有分工，例如，cute（小巧可爱的） acute （敏锐的）、mend（修理） amend（修订、改 良）、spy（间谍） espy（窥见）
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IV.拼缀词
拼缀法：将两个词的某一部分合并，或者在一个词上加上另一 个词的一部分而构成新词的一种方法，拼缀法只能裁剪两个词 中的一个，把一个不完整的词和一个完整的词拼成另一个词，
这样的构词方法叫做“拼缀词”，“合成词”“混成词 （teleseope word）”或者“行囊词（portmanteau word）”
Chapter-9-English-Dictionary-英语词汇学-教学课件
❖ American desk dictionaries: Webster’s New World Dictionary , 2nd college Edition ( 1980), and Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary ( 1983).
Pocket dictionaries
Desk dictionaries
❖ Desk dictionaries are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50,000 to 150,000.
❖ British dictionaries: The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Ninth Edition (1996),Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980), Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, New Edition ( 1987)
Specialized Dictionaries
❖ Special dictionaries concentrate on a particular area of language or knowledge, treating such diverse topics as etymology, synonyms, idioms, pronunciation, usages in language, and computer, engineering, literature and a variety of other subjects. These dictionaries may not be very large in size, yet each contains much more detailed information on the subject than you can find in a general unabridged one.
Pocket dictionaries
Desk dictionaries
❖ Desk dictionaries are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50,000 to 150,000.
❖ British dictionaries: The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Ninth Edition (1996),Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980), Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, New Edition ( 1987)
Specialized Dictionaries
❖ Special dictionaries concentrate on a particular area of language or knowledge, treating such diverse topics as etymology, synonyms, idioms, pronunciation, usages in language, and computer, engineering, literature and a variety of other subjects. These dictionaries may not be very large in size, yet each contains much more detailed information on the subject than you can find in a general unabridged one.
英语词汇学教程 全套课件-精选文档
长子，赑屃/囚牛 次子，螭吻 三子，蒲牢 四子，狴犴 五子，饕餮 六子，蚆嗄 七子，睚眦 八子，狻猊/负屃 九子，椒图 /貔貅
龙之九子
长子，赑屃（bìxì ） /囚牛（qiúniú） 次子，螭吻（chīwěn） 三子，蒲牢（ púláo） 四子，狴犴（bìàn） 五子，饕餮（tāo tiè） 六子，蚆嗄（bā xià） 七子，睚眦（yá zì ） 八子，狻猊（ suān ní ）/负屃（fù xì ） 九子，椒图（ jiāotú）/貔貅（ pí xiū）
Biblioteka 莎士比亚大约掌握24000个词。 丘吉尔能使用90000个词。 一个受过高等教育的英国人一般能掌握 25000词以上。 美国大学对外国学生的英语要求是掌握 4000词。 学会常用的5000个词，就能理解97%左 右的内容。
大学英语四级（CET-4）词汇量4500 大学英语六级（CET-6）词汇量5500 英语专业四级（TEM-4）词汇量6000 英语专业八级（TEM-8）词汇量8000 托福 （TOEFL）词汇量7500 雅思 （IELTS） 词汇量8000 研究生入学考试 （GRE）词汇量12000 你的词汇量……?
Skill of memorizing new words
charisma Chairman Mao revealed his charisma to the whole world. (a natural ability and personality to attract and interest other people and make them admire you领袖魅力/气质/风采)
8000-15000词汇量 （GRE词汇量） abrasion equivocate morbid belligerent fortuitous peccadillo coalesce immaculate procrastination divulge loquacious taciturn
龙之九子
长子，赑屃（bìxì ） /囚牛（qiúniú） 次子，螭吻（chīwěn） 三子，蒲牢（ púláo） 四子，狴犴（bìàn） 五子，饕餮（tāo tiè） 六子，蚆嗄（bā xià） 七子，睚眦（yá zì ） 八子，狻猊（ suān ní ）/负屃（fù xì ） 九子，椒图（ jiāotú）/貔貅（ pí xiū）
Biblioteka 莎士比亚大约掌握24000个词。 丘吉尔能使用90000个词。 一个受过高等教育的英国人一般能掌握 25000词以上。 美国大学对外国学生的英语要求是掌握 4000词。 学会常用的5000个词，就能理解97%左 右的内容。
大学英语四级（CET-4）词汇量4500 大学英语六级（CET-6）词汇量5500 英语专业四级（TEM-4）词汇量6000 英语专业八级（TEM-8）词汇量8000 托福 （TOEFL）词汇量7500 雅思 （IELTS） 词汇量8000 研究生入学考试 （GRE）词汇量12000 你的词汇量……?
Skill of memorizing new words
charisma Chairman Mao revealed his charisma to the whole world. (a natural ability and personality to attract and interest other people and make them admire you领袖魅力/气质/风采)
8000-15000词汇量 （GRE词汇量） abrasion equivocate morbid belligerent fortuitous peccadillo coalesce immaculate procrastination divulge loquacious taciturn
英语词汇学授课课件 PPT
development and growth.
A: Historical perspective历史的角度
❖ Development of English and its vocabulary: ❖ 1. Old English古英语/ Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁撒
克逊 （449-1100） ❖ England： Celtic（凯尔特语）/ 450AD，
pagoda 宝塔 ❖ German：zinc锌 ❖ Dutch：dock ❖ Russian： vodka, tsar沙皇
❖ 2. Exploration, colonization and trade---borrow from non-European language
❖ Australian： kangaroo ❖ Arabic： sugar， alcohol ❖ Indian： coolie, khaki ❖ Hebrew希伯来语: ❖ Chinese： yamen
❖ This definition emphasizes syntax(句法)， but does not touch upon meaning.
Antoine Meillet
❖ “A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use.” (p.2, para.2 )
❖ The core of the language: Still English
Modern English(1500-present)
❖ 1. Renaissance: the study of the classics ❖ Latin loan words —science and abstract
A: Historical perspective历史的角度
❖ Development of English and its vocabulary: ❖ 1. Old English古英语/ Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁撒
克逊 （449-1100） ❖ England： Celtic（凯尔特语）/ 450AD，
pagoda 宝塔 ❖ German：zinc锌 ❖ Dutch：dock ❖ Russian： vodka, tsar沙皇
❖ 2. Exploration, colonization and trade---borrow from non-European language
❖ Australian： kangaroo ❖ Arabic： sugar， alcohol ❖ Indian： coolie, khaki ❖ Hebrew希伯来语: ❖ Chinese： yamen
❖ This definition emphasizes syntax(句法)， but does not touch upon meaning.
Antoine Meillet
❖ “A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use.” (p.2, para.2 )
❖ The core of the language: Still English
Modern English(1500-present)
❖ 1. Renaissance: the study of the classics ❖ Latin loan words —science and abstract
词汇学(共19张PPT)
英语发展阶段
A. Old English (Anglo-Saxon Period)
(449---1100) Attendance and Assignments:
(cousin)
B. Middle English (1100---1500) give you some color to see
4) The influence of other cultures and languages 补充: NCEPU= North China Electric Power University flat---apartment
• 由于 综合国力强大促进了美语的地位和进一步 推广反过来美语的发展也反作用于 社会甚至全 世界.
• colour---color
• practice (v. n.) About the Final Exam
过去学汉语的人很少,现在出现汉语热,从侧面反映中国综合实力和整体发展势头相当好.
• rubber---eraser lift---elevator (escalator)
• underground---subway The feature of language
enlarge your vocabulary lexicon + -ology = lexicology
•(cousin) flat---apartment
• lift---elevator (escalator)
lexicology : the study of words and the relation of words
vocabulary: 词汇总称, 词汇量 word: 单词
The more words you memorize, the larger your vocabulary is.
A. Old English (Anglo-Saxon Period)
(449---1100) Attendance and Assignments:
(cousin)
B. Middle English (1100---1500) give you some color to see
4) The influence of other cultures and languages 补充: NCEPU= North China Electric Power University flat---apartment
• 由于 综合国力强大促进了美语的地位和进一步 推广反过来美语的发展也反作用于 社会甚至全 世界.
• colour---color
• practice (v. n.) About the Final Exam
过去学汉语的人很少,现在出现汉语热,从侧面反映中国综合实力和整体发展势头相当好.
• rubber---eraser lift---elevator (escalator)
• underground---subway The feature of language
enlarge your vocabulary lexicon + -ology = lexicology
•(cousin) flat---apartment
• lift---elevator (escalator)
lexicology : the study of words and the relation of words
vocabulary: 词汇总称, 词汇量 word: 单词
The more words you memorize, the larger your vocabulary is.
英语词汇学课件chapterI概要
It aims to provide learners with a solid understanding of the theoretical framework and practical applications of Lexicology in language learning and usage.
Types of semantic change include extension, narrowing, metaphorical extension, and pejoration.
Understanding semantic change is important for accurate communication and avoiding misunderstandings.
Compound vocabulary can help express complex ideas and concepts more concisely, and can enrich the language expression.
Compound vocabulary is also a common way to create new words in English, and can help English learners expand their vocabulary.
of word formation and meaning change. • To develop learners' ability to apply Lexicological knowledge to language learning and usage, and to
enhance their language proficiency and communication skills. • To cultivate learners' independent learning and thinking abilities, and to inspire their interests in
Types of semantic change include extension, narrowing, metaphorical extension, and pejoration.
Understanding semantic change is important for accurate communication and avoiding misunderstandings.
Compound vocabulary can help express complex ideas and concepts more concisely, and can enrich the language expression.
Compound vocabulary is also a common way to create new words in English, and can help English learners expand their vocabulary.
of word formation and meaning change. • To develop learners' ability to apply Lexicological knowledge to language learning and usage, and to
enhance their language proficiency and communication skills. • To cultivate learners' independent learning and thinking abilities, and to inspire their interests in
自考英语词汇学第六章-PPT
❖ 3)Shortening、 Many shortened forms of words happen to be identical with other words in spelling or sound、缩略法。很 多缩略词得形式正好与其她词得拼写或语音 雷同。
6、2、3 Differentiation of Homonyms from Polysemants 同形 同音异义词与多义词得区别
❖ Homophones are words identical only in sound but different in spelling and meaning、 Of the three types, homophones constitute the largest number and are most mon、同音异形异 义词就是读音相同但拼写与词义不同得词。
自考英语词汇学第六章
sense relations 语义关系
❖ A word which is related to other words is related to them in sense, hence sense relations、一个与其她单词关联得词就是在 语义上与她们相关得, 因而有了语义关系。
6、1 Polysemy 多义关系
❖ When a word is first coined, it is always monosemic、 当一个词最初被创造出来得 时候,一律就是单语义词。
6、1、1 Two Approaches to Polysemy 两种多义关系得研究方法
❖ The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles: diachronic approach and synchronic approach、 同一词得各种意义之间相互关 联得问题可以从历时方法与共时方法两个角 度来研究。
6、2、3 Differentiation of Homonyms from Polysemants 同形 同音异义词与多义词得区别
❖ Homophones are words identical only in sound but different in spelling and meaning、 Of the three types, homophones constitute the largest number and are most mon、同音异形异 义词就是读音相同但拼写与词义不同得词。
自考英语词汇学第六章
sense relations 语义关系
❖ A word which is related to other words is related to them in sense, hence sense relations、一个与其她单词关联得词就是在 语义上与她们相关得, 因而有了语义关系。
6、1 Polysemy 多义关系
❖ When a word is first coined, it is always monosemic、 当一个词最初被创造出来得 时候,一律就是单语义词。
6、1、1 Two Approaches to Polysemy 两种多义关系得研究方法
❖ The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles: diachronic approach and synchronic approach、 同一词得各种意义之间相互关 联得问题可以从历时方法与共时方法两个角 度来研究。
Chapter-8--English-Idioms-英语词汇学-教学课件
Stylistic Features
❖ idioms are generally felt to be informal and some are colloquialisms and slang, therefore inappropriate for formal style. Occasionally, we find idioms which are extremely formal and used only in frozen style.
Idiomaticity
❖ The fixity of idioms depends on the idiomaticity. The more idiomatic the idioms, the more fixed the structure.
❖ Many of the idioms of the lower scale do allow some changes.
❖ In between we have idioms like turn over a new leaf, as cool as a cucumber and draw the curtain , whose meanings are in a way related to the meanings of the constituents but are themselves explicit.
colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc ❖ This chapter will deal with idioms in terms of their characteristics, classification and uses.
现代英语词汇学概论3-word-formationPPT课件
flatfoot
(a policeman)
blue blood
(the quality of being a nobleman by birth)
blue ribbon
(an honor given to the winner of the first prize)
Note: we cannot infer the meaning from the meaning of
compound? 3. The classification of compounding?
.
6
What is compounding?
Compounding / composition: a wordformation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit. e.g. flowerpot= flower + pot machine-independent = machine + independent back
.
7
The relative criteria of a compound
1. Orthographic criterion:
Compounds are written in three ways, that is, solid, hyphenated and open.
E.g. flowerpot
E.g. black list blackboard blue bottle
.
9
3. Semantic criterion:
Semantically, compounds can be said to have a meaning which may be related to but cannot always be inferred from the meaning of its component parts.
ChapterFour英语词汇学PPT
Definition of Antonyms
Antonyms are words that have opposite or contrasting meanings
Types of Antonyms
Antonyms can be classified into gradable Antonyms, which exists on a scale (e.g., hot/cold), and complete Antonyms, which represents two mutually exclusive categories (e.g., male/female)
Distinguishing synonyms
Synonyms of differences in annotation, emotional color, stylistic level, and location
Antonyms and their corresponding relationships
02
Classification and Composition of
English Vocabulary
Basic vocabulary and professional vocabulary
Basic Vocabulary
Basic vocabulary refers to the core set of words that are essential for daily communication and are typically learned in the early stages of language acquisition These words are generally simple, frequently used, and have a broad range of means
Antonyms are words that have opposite or contrasting meanings
Types of Antonyms
Antonyms can be classified into gradable Antonyms, which exists on a scale (e.g., hot/cold), and complete Antonyms, which represents two mutually exclusive categories (e.g., male/female)
Distinguishing synonyms
Synonyms of differences in annotation, emotional color, stylistic level, and location
Antonyms and their corresponding relationships
02
Classification and Composition of
English Vocabulary
Basic vocabulary and professional vocabulary
Basic Vocabulary
Basic vocabulary refers to the core set of words that are essential for daily communication and are typically learned in the early stages of language acquisition These words are generally simple, frequently used, and have a broad range of means
英语词汇学教程全套课件精选文档
02 03
பைடு நூலகம்
Cultural studies
English vocabulary and cultural studies are also closely related, and the origin and development of many vocabulary are closely related to cultural backgrounds.
Functional classification
Dividing words based on their function in the presence, such as nouns, verbs, objections, or advertisements
Context classification
Etymological classification: Organizing words according to their physiological origin, such as Latinate or German words
Classification methods for English vocabulary
The Development of English Lexicology
Early English Lexicology
Early English Lexicology research mainly focused on word origins and meanings, with less attention paid to the composition and changes of vocabulary.
Classifying words based on the context in which they are used, such as formal or informational language
英语词汇学第2讲PPT课件
– By origin – By usage – By notion
By Origin
Native words Loan words
By Origin: The Native Elements
Features of the native element: 1. All-national character 2. Great stability 3. Monosyllabic 4. Word-forming ability 5. Wide collocability 6. Plurality of meanings 7. High frequency value 8. Stylistically neutral
Classification
The English vocabulary consists of different kinds of words, which may be classified by different criteria.
In this section we will discuss three main criteria:
VOCABULARY
Slang, jargon & cant
Slang is the language of a highly colloquial type, considered as below the level of standard educated speech, and consisting either of new words or of current words used in some social sense.
A Brain Teaser
Which word is the longest in English?
By Origin
Native words Loan words
By Origin: The Native Elements
Features of the native element: 1. All-national character 2. Great stability 3. Monosyllabic 4. Word-forming ability 5. Wide collocability 6. Plurality of meanings 7. High frequency value 8. Stylistically neutral
Classification
The English vocabulary consists of different kinds of words, which may be classified by different criteria.
In this section we will discuss three main criteria:
VOCABULARY
Slang, jargon & cant
Slang is the language of a highly colloquial type, considered as below the level of standard educated speech, and consisting either of new words or of current words used in some social sense.
A Brain Teaser
Which word is the longest in English?
英语词汇学教程 全套课件-精选文档
Unit 1 英语词汇概说
1.1 Language, Linguistics and Lexicology
What is language?
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. It is a specific social action and a carrier of information.
没有语法，人们可以表达的事物寥寥无几； 而没有词汇，人们则无法表达任何事物。 ---英国语言学家威尔金斯（Wilkins)
《英语词汇学教程》 A Survey of English Lexicology
理论指导：现代英语语言。 研究对象：英语词汇。 学习内容：单词的结构、构词法、单词的意义及 词义关系、英语词汇的构成、词义的历史演变、 成语及词典知识。 学习目标：1.比较系统地掌握英语词汇的知识； 2.比较深入地了解英语词汇的现状及其历史演变 过程；3.能对现代英语词汇发展的趋势和所出现 的现象作出分析和解释，提高运用英语的能力。
英谷物不是干货heartman换心人不是有心人maddoctor精神病科医生不是发疯的医生eleventhhour最后时刻不是十一点blinddate由第三者安排的男女初次会面并非盲目约会或瞎约会personalremark人身攻击不是个人评论sweetwater淡水不是糖水或甜水confidenceman骗子不是信得过的人criminallawyer刑事律师不是犯罪的律师servicestation加油站不是服务站restroom厕所不是休息室dressingroom化妆室不是试衣室或更衣室horsesense常识不是马的感觉capitalidea好主意不是资本主义思想familiartalk庸俗的交谈不是熟悉的谈话blacktea红茶不是黑茶blackart妖术不是黑色艺术blackstranger完全陌生的人不是陌生的黑人whitecoal作动力来源用的水不是白煤whiteman忠实可靠的人不是皮肤白的人yellowbook黄皮书法国政府报告书以黄纸为封不是黄色书籍redtape官僚习气不是红色带子greenhand新手不是绿手bluestocking女学者女才子不是蓝色长统袜chinapolicy对华政策不是中国政策chinesedragon麒麟不是中国龙americanbeauty一种玫瑰名为美国丽人不是美国美女englishdisease软骨病不是英国病indiansummer愉快宁静的晚年不是印度的夏日greekgift害人的礼品不是希腊礼物spanishathlete吹牛的人不是西班牙运动员fren Much Do You Know About the English Vocabulary?
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粘着语素不能独立成词，只能依附于其他语素上 以构成词或担当一定的语法功能。
Free morphemes are all roots /free roots, which are capable of being used as words or as wordbuilding elements to form new words.
formation
➢ Teaching focus:
• Definition of morphemes • Definition of allomorphs • Types of Types of morphemes
free morpheme bound morpheme
• Definitions of root, stem and base
Free vs. bound morphemes in terms of their capacity of occurring alone
Derivational vs. inflectional morphemes applying to affixes only
Content / lexntic and syntactic basis
1. Morpheme
What is a morpheme？ It is the minimal meaningful unit of language. Or it is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 语素是最小的有意义的单位。它是语言中最小 的构词单位
2. Morph and allomorph
➢The definition of morphs： The phonetic or orthographic strings or segments which realize morphemes are termed ‘morphs’. 语素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素。 Morphs are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning. 形素是口语中最小的意义载体。
What is an allomorph?
An allomorph is one of the variants of the same morpheme.
语素/形位变体是同一个语素的不同形式。
For example
When the plural marker {s} is added to cat, dog, and horse, it is pronounced differently as /-s, -z,
英语词汇学课程课件
课件名称：英语词汇的形态结构 制作人：孙红梅、寻阳 单位：曲阜师范大学外国语学院
Chapter 3
Morphological structure of English words
➢ Objectives:
• Discuss morphemes, their classification and identification; • Explain the relationship between morphemes and word-
自由语素都是词根, 也叫自由词根, 能用作词或作 为构成新词的构词要素。
Bound morphemes consist of either roots (bound roots) or affixes.
粘着语素包括词根（粘着词根）和词缀。
E.g., bound root: -dict-, -ced-
affix: -ion, -ist, -ic
A multitude of words made up of merely bound morphemes, eg: ante-ced-ent. ➢ -ced- 是词根，‘接近’， ➢ ante- 是前缀，‘在…前’， ➢ -ent 是后缀，‘人，物’，
Derivational vs. inflectional morphemes 派生语素与屈折语素
What are derivational and inflectional morphemes?
➢ Derivational morphemes are used to derive new words when they are added to another morpheme. In English derivatives and compounds are all formed by such morphemes.
Free vs. bound morphemes 自由语素与粘着语素
➢ Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are free. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.
➢ 自由语素是能独立运用的语素，它有完整的意 义，在句中充当一个自由的语法单位。
➢ E.g., man, wind, open, tour
Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. They are bound to other morphemes to form words or to perform a particular grammatical function.
-iz/ and thus has three phonological forms; the three forms are just the variants of the same morpheme {s}, i.e. the allomorphs of morpheme {s}.
3. Classifications of morphemes
Free morphemes are all roots /free roots, which are capable of being used as words or as wordbuilding elements to form new words.
formation
➢ Teaching focus:
• Definition of morphemes • Definition of allomorphs • Types of Types of morphemes
free morpheme bound morpheme
• Definitions of root, stem and base
Free vs. bound morphemes in terms of their capacity of occurring alone
Derivational vs. inflectional morphemes applying to affixes only
Content / lexntic and syntactic basis
1. Morpheme
What is a morpheme？ It is the minimal meaningful unit of language. Or it is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 语素是最小的有意义的单位。它是语言中最小 的构词单位
2. Morph and allomorph
➢The definition of morphs： The phonetic or orthographic strings or segments which realize morphemes are termed ‘morphs’. 语素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素。 Morphs are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning. 形素是口语中最小的意义载体。
What is an allomorph?
An allomorph is one of the variants of the same morpheme.
语素/形位变体是同一个语素的不同形式。
For example
When the plural marker {s} is added to cat, dog, and horse, it is pronounced differently as /-s, -z,
英语词汇学课程课件
课件名称：英语词汇的形态结构 制作人：孙红梅、寻阳 单位：曲阜师范大学外国语学院
Chapter 3
Morphological structure of English words
➢ Objectives:
• Discuss morphemes, their classification and identification; • Explain the relationship between morphemes and word-
自由语素都是词根, 也叫自由词根, 能用作词或作 为构成新词的构词要素。
Bound morphemes consist of either roots (bound roots) or affixes.
粘着语素包括词根（粘着词根）和词缀。
E.g., bound root: -dict-, -ced-
affix: -ion, -ist, -ic
A multitude of words made up of merely bound morphemes, eg: ante-ced-ent. ➢ -ced- 是词根，‘接近’， ➢ ante- 是前缀，‘在…前’， ➢ -ent 是后缀，‘人，物’，
Derivational vs. inflectional morphemes 派生语素与屈折语素
What are derivational and inflectional morphemes?
➢ Derivational morphemes are used to derive new words when they are added to another morpheme. In English derivatives and compounds are all formed by such morphemes.
Free vs. bound morphemes 自由语素与粘着语素
➢ Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are free. Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.
➢ 自由语素是能独立运用的语素，它有完整的意 义，在句中充当一个自由的语法单位。
➢ E.g., man, wind, open, tour
Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. They are bound to other morphemes to form words or to perform a particular grammatical function.
-iz/ and thus has three phonological forms; the three forms are just the variants of the same morpheme {s}, i.e. the allomorphs of morpheme {s}.
3. Classifications of morphemes