宾语从句讲解-练习及答案

宾语从句讲解-练习及答案

宾语从句

一、基本讲解

1. 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词

的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。

eg. He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)

He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)

Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)

2. 连接词

(1) 陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。

eg. She told me (that) she would like to go with us.

(2) 以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问

句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序

eg. I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .

注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。

a. 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 不用if

eg. We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.

b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时，只用whether.

eg. Please let me know what to do next.

Could you tell me whether to go or not?

c. if当”如果”讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.

(3). 特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导

词后要用陈述句语序。

E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you?

特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为

引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。

3. 宾语从句时态

a. 当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主

句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?

b. 当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：

I didn't know （if/whether he had seen the film.）

注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，

科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：

He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）

The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）

4. 人称的变化和标点的使用

a. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：(一主二宾三不变)

①“May I use your knife？”He asked me.

→He asked me if he might use my knife.

②“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me.

→He asked me if I know her telephone number.

b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是

疑问句，用问号。如：

Who will give us a talk? I don’t know.→I don’t know who will give us a talk.

Do you know？Where does he live? →Do you know where he lives?

二、宾语从句的转化

1. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，

且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths.

→She agreed to help me with my maths.

2. 当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后

面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：

I don't know which sweater I should buy. →I don't know which sweater to buy.

3. 当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，

从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：→Could you tell me how t o get to the park?

4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从

句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.

→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

宾语从句小口诀：

宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；

主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；

主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；

陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,

特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。

初中宾语从句专项习题

巩固练习

( ) 1. Have you decided ________for Australia?

A. when will you leave

B. when do you leave

C. you will leave when

D. when you will leave

( ) 2. Can you tell me _________ ?

A. where does Tom live

B. where Tom lived

C. Tom lives where

D. where Tom lives

( ) 3. The old man asked me ________ .

A. where was the cinema

B. where is the cinema

C. where the cinema was

D. where was the way to the cinema ( ) 4.I think _______ you will like him.

A. that

B. if

C. why

D. how

( ) 5. I didn’t know _______ he will come or not.

A. that

B. whether

C. weather

D. how

( ) 6. I wonder _________ .

A. how much cost these shoes

B. how much do these shoes cost

C. how much these shoes cost

D. how much are these shoes cost

( ) 7. She asked me _________ .

A. who he was

B. who was he

C. who is he

D. who he is ( ) 8. Ask him ___.

A. whose cup this is

B. whose cup is this

C. this is whose cup

D. whose is this cup

( ) 9. I don’t know _________ .