英文科研论文写作技巧

英文科研论文写作简介

1. 引言

英文论文写作的前提是有创新研究成果，创新研究成果的关键是选题。“An acceptable primary scientific publication” must be “the first disclosure”.科研论文写作常出现的一个误区是：以为好论文是“写”出来的，只要会写，论文总能被接受发表。其实，论文被发表只是结果，这个结果是和一系列科研环节密切相关的，论文写作只是其最后一个环节。在选择科研课题和工作切入点时，就需特别注意，一定要有创新内容，科学研究的灵魂是创新，重复别人的工作，从科研的角度来说，是没有意义的。值得注意的是，阅读有关英文科技论文，不仅可以了解研究进展和动态，而且，可以学会科技英文表达。同样，选题很好，研究工作做得不够细致、深入，也难有说服力，难以成为有价值的研究工作。由于本书只介绍英文科研论文的写作，不讲如何做研究，因此只介绍有了好的研究成果后如何写成合格的科研文章。

The goal of scientific research is publication. Scientists, starting as graduate students, are measured primarily not by their dexterity in laboratory manipulations, not by their innate knowledge of either broad or narrow scientific subjects, and certainly not by their wit or charm; they are measured, and become known (or remain unknown) by their publications.

A scientific experiment, no matter how spectacular the results, is not completed until the results are published.

Thus, the scientists must not only “do” the science but must “write” science. Bad writing can and often does prevent or delay the publication of good science.

2.科研论文的一般格式。

科研论文，不象散文、小说那样形式可以千姿百态，而具有较为固定的格式。从某种意义上说，科研论文是“八股文”。

The IMRAD format.

What question (problem) was studied? The answer is the Introduction. How was the problem studied? The answer is the Methods. What were the findings? The answer is the Results. What do these findings mean? The answer is the Discussion.

其通常的组成和每部分的特点见表1。

表1 科研论文格式及其特点

以上为英文科技论文的一般要求，不同期刊风格和要求会有所不同。

练习1。

2. 科技论文的写作步骤

步骤及注意事项如同绘画。绘画要构思、画轮廓、再描绘、收拾。科技论文的写作步骤见表2。

表2 英文科技论文写作步骤

值得注意的是，论文最好在研究工作进行中就开始酝酿，这样对研究本身的完整性会有帮助，而且，写作过程中也往往会发现一些问题，由于实验装置尚在，实验还可进行，这些问题还可方便解决。

练习2。

3.各部分写作的注意事项

3.0 如何写论文题目

First impressions are strong impressions; a title ought therefore to be well studied, and to give, so far as its limit permit, a definite and concise indication of what is to come.

----T. Cliffort Allburt

What is good title? I define it as the fewest possible words that adequately describe the context of the paper.

3.1 如何写英文摘要

英文摘要是全文的浓缩，一般包括研究目的、研究方法、研究结果和结论。摘要是全文的摘要，因此论文从引言(Introduction)、论文展开(Approach)，结果(Results)和讨论(Discussion)以及结论部分的要点在引言中都应有反映。摘要部分应尽可能简明，一般不超过300个词，摘要比论文具有更广泛的读者，因此，尽量用通俗和易懂的词汇(这些词汇无需通过阅读全文或查相关文献后就可明白)，且风格、时态等应统一。在英文摘要中，时态可以是一般现在时，一般过去时和现在完成时,具体用何种时态，应根据表达的内容而定，但一般多用被动语态。请看下面的例1－例7。注意，摘要中别忘了写出论文的主要发现或结论。

一般情况下，摘要中不列参考文献，不含图表。英文摘要内容完整，可独立存在。摘要虽在最前面，但实际上，它往往最后写。等全文完成后，再根据全文的内容提炼和推敲。当然，有些国际会议，开始只需要提交摘要，这时，摘要常常先写。

下面列举了几篇国际期刊论文的英文摘要，供读者参考。同时注意缩写字的使用。

摘要例1[1]

Abstract:Interactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and vinyl flooring (VF), a relatively homogenous, diffusion-controlled building material, were characterized. The sorption/desorption behavior of VF was investigated using single-component and binary systems of seven common VOCs ranging in molecular weight from n-butanol to n-pentadecane. The simultaneous sorption of VOCs and water vapor by VF was also investigated. Rapid determination of the material/air partition coefficient (K) and the material-phase diffusion coefficient (D) for each VOC was achieved by placing thin VF slabs in a dynamic microbalance and subjecting them to controlled sorption/desorption cycles. K and D are shown to be independent of concentration for all of the VOCs and water vapor. For the four alkane VOCs studied, K correlates well with vapor pressure and D correlates well with molecular weight, providing a means to estimate these parameters for other alkane VOCs. While the simultaneous sorption of a binary mixture of VOCs is non-competitive, the presence of water vapor increases the uptake of VOCs by VF. This approach can be applied to other diffusion-controlled materials and should facilitate the prediction of their source/sink behavior using physically-based models.