安徽大学研究生英语上册12356的课后习题翻译

Unit One Text A How to Read A Book
1. Why are some people argumentative and domineering, while others are shy and hesitant?... Why are some people greedy, selfish , and cynical ,while others are easy to get along with?
1.为什么有些人强词夺理，专横跋扈，而另一些人却羞羞答答，优柔寡断？……为什么有些人贪婪自私，玩世不恭，而另一些人却平易近人？
2. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly accelerated program for scientific and technological co-operation , aimed at widespread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man ,such as nutrition ,shelter ,communications ,health and sanitation.
2.从发展中国家的观点来看，下一个十年应有一个大力加速科学技术合作的纲领，旨在广泛传播技术以满足人们诸如营养、住宅、交通、卫生保健之类的基本需要。

3. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories ,it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
3.尽管律师的见解和反应可能会提升新闻报道的质量，但记者最好凭借自己对该新闻意义的理解做出自己的判断。

4.In his autobiography,Darwin points out modestly that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely,but he believes that this very difficulty may have had he compensating advantage of forcing him to think ong and intently about every sentence,and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation.
4.达尔文在自传中谦虚地指出，他经常很难清晰而简洁地表达自己的思想，但他认为可能正因为有了这个困难，他才不得不对自己要说的每一句话进行长时间的认真思考，从而发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成了他的优点。

5.当前，正在进行以课程教材改革为核心的教育改革，改革的中心目标是变应试教育为素质教育。

随着课程教材的深入人心，原本一纲一本的教材模式已被打破，出现了一纲多本甚至多纲多本的格局。

无论是从指导进行素质教育需要来看，还是在多纲多本情况下加强教育管理来看，编制有我国特色，学科特点的教学目标是必须的。

当然，编制教学目标是一个科学性强难度高的大工程，应该由国家有关教育领导部门来组织协调。

5. Presently, an educational reform is under way that centers on curriculums and teaching materials. As our main goal, we will try to reform the educational system so that it focuses on the enhancement of the students’abilities instead of training them merely to pass exams. We used to have only one set of textbooks in line with a single syllabus for each course. With the reform deepening, we are beginning to have more than one series of textbooks under the same syllabus or, in some cases, even more than one syllabus for the same course. In order to enhance students’abilities and strengthen educational administration for the variety of syllabuses and teaching materials available, it is necessary for us to formulate teaching targets suited to China’s situation and particular subjects. Formulation of such targets is a difficult scientific project that must be organized and coordinated by the appropriate state education authorities.
Unit Two Text A Recession-proofing your career
1.矛盾不断出现，又不断解决，正是事物发展的辨证规律。

1.The ceaseless emergence and ceaseless resolution of contradictions constitute the dialectical law of the development of things.
2.The 1967 UN document calls for a settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of Israel’s withdrawal from occupied territories an Arab acknowledgement of Israel’s right to exist.
2.1967 年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占领的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权的
基础上来解决中东冲突。

3.The aggression took many foms: the unilateral denunciation of treaties and international commitments,the interference in the internal affairs of other states,the use of treats against weaker neighbors,the imposition of unequal relationships,the outright armed attack against the territories of other states and their dismemberment,the subjugation of colonial peoples and the denial of the right to self-determination as well as fundamental human rights.
3.侵略有多种方式：单方面废除条约与国际义务，干涉别国内政，威胁弱小邻国，强迫实行不平等，公然入侵别国领土瓜分别国，征服殖民地民族，否认自决权以及基本人权。

4.Sea gulls are excellent flyers.They can fly many miles without stopping.With a short rest here and there,they can fly from one end of a country to the other.They are good gilders,too.When they glide,they seem to be silding down invisible slides way p in the air.Sea gulls are good swimmers,too. Their feet are webbed-the little stretches of skin between their toes make paddles.Gulls are floaters.They stay on top of the water like pieces of wood. This is helpful because on long trips over the ocean they will drop down onto the water and float while they take a nap. 4.海鸥善于飞行。

它们可以连续飞很远。

能从一个国家的一端飞到另一端，此间只需偶尔短暂休息一下。

海鸥也善于滑翔。

它们仿佛在高空中沿着无形的滑道轻松滑翔。

海鸥还善于游泳。

海鸥长着脚蹼一—脚爪间相连的小块皮肤一—游泳时就是小小的浆。

海鸥还善于浮水，它们可以像木块那样浮在水上。

这对海鸥非常有用，因为在漫长的越洋飞行中，它们可以落到水面上小憩一下。

5.对许多生活在小镇和村庄上的人来说，熟人的去世或附近热闹的街口安装了红绿灯有时比远在外国发生的一场在灾难更能吸引他们的注意力。

这就是为什么英国地方报纸的发行量几乎与全国性报纸想当。

这些地方报纸经常不对国家大事发表评论，编辑也很少对政治问题表明立场。

它们经常为社区服务，表达公众对地方问题的心声。

5.For many people in small towns and villages, the death of someone known to them or the installation of traffic lights at a busy street corner nearby can sometimes attract their attention more than a disaster far away in another country. That’s why British local newspapers almost have as large a circulation as its national counterparts. The local newspapers often make no comment on problems of national importance and editors rarely hold with sides on political affairs. But they can often be of service to the community in expressing the public’s feeling onlocal issues.
Unit Three Text A Lies
1.Histories make men wise;poiets,witty;the mathematics,subtle;natural philosophy,deep;moral,grave;logic and rhetoric,able to contend.
1.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。

（王佐良译）
2.Knowledge,in any art or science,being always the fruit of observation,study.or practice,gives,in proportion to its extent and usefulness,the possessor a just claim to respect.
2.在任何科学或艺术领域，由于知识总是观察研究或实践的成果，知识拥有者有权受到尊重。

所受尊重的程度与其所掌握知识的深度广度及实用价值成正比。

3.Clearly,only the biggest and most flexible television multi-media groups are going to be able to compete in such a rich and holy-contested market.This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in,a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks,no less than 50% tooka loss in 1989.
3.显然，只有规模最大经营最灵活的电视传媒集团才能在这个精彩纷呈而又竞争白热化的市场中生存。

这一点就足以说明，要在电视行业幸存下来并非易事。

1989 年欧洲的八十家电视网络中有一半以上亏损，这一统计数据尤其说明这一事实。

4.I’m no complaining about the past,but I am frightened about the future because it’s an unknown quantity,chiefly because you have never communicated with me but have simply taken your anger out on me without knowing why or what causes it,whch can only have me feeling that I’m the cause andit seems awfully unfair.
4.我并不是抱怨过去，我只是害怕未来，因为未来还是个未知数。

这主要是因为你从来什么都不跟我说，只是无缘无故地迁怒于我，仿佛我是祸根。

你这样做对我似乎是极不公平的。

5.老师是花钱雇来的向导和专家，因此，选择最佳的路径带领学生走向山顶是他的责任。

如果他选择的路杂草丛生没法继续前进，整队人马只得返回，而他就的另选路径。

某处一定有一条通往山顶的路。

5. A teacher is a paid guide and expert and thus it’s his duty to choose the best path to lead the students to approach the top of the mountain. But if the path he chooses is too overgrown to make further progress, the whole party will have to go back and he will have to choose another route. There must be a way to the top somewhere.
Unit Five Text A Don't let complexity stop you
1.A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. 1.正如没有灵魂的身体不成其为人一样, 没有爱的家庭也不成其为家。

2.We don’t read history simply for pleasure,but in order to discover the laws of political growth an change.
2.我们读历史不单纯是为了娱乐，而是为了可以从中发现政治发展和演变的规律。

3.Other students of the brain,nothing that disease and physical damage can change personally and disort the mind,believe the brain to be nothing more than a fantastically complex computer.
3.另外一些研究人脑的科学家注意到疾病和身体损伤能够改变人的秉性，扭曲人的心灵。

他们认为大脑简直就是个神奇复杂的计算机。

4.Today it is not unusual for an American student,even one who works part time during the school year and full time during the summer,to have accumulated at least $5,000 in loans after four years-loans that the student must start to replay within one year after graduation(and incidentally,not all these loans are low-interest,as many non-students believe).
4.如今,美国大学生即使平时做兼职、暑假做全职, 四年后贷款额累计达到5000美元的情况并不罕见---这笔债务学生必须在毕业后一年内开始偿还 (顺便说一句, 这些贷款并非像许多其他人所认为的那样是低利息的)。

5.Students of pathological liars find that many of them were badly treated as children,many came from families in which one remember was an alcoholic or was mentally ill,and many grew up in families in which the truth was simply never valued or practiced.They seem to have an unusually strong desire to be liked and admired by others and thus most,though not all,become uncontrollable liars.
5.对病态说谎者的研究表明，他们中很多人小时候受过虐待，或者家庭成员中有人酗酒或有精神病；还有不少人生活的家庭从不看重说真话也从不说真话。

他们似乎非同寻常地渴求别人的喜爱和钦佩，因而忍不住经常说谎，尽管并非人人如此。

Unit 6 Text A The Riddle of Time
1.He went o to say that a living protein would be prepared chemically,probably in the next hundred years,when the composition of proteins became know.
1.他接着说，再过一百年，当人们知道了蛋白质的成分之后，就有可能用化学的方法造出有生命的蛋白质。

2.He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step” toward what all Amercians are taught to want when they grow up:money and power.
2.所有美国人接受的教育都是长大以后如何追求金钱与权力。

这份工作明明是朝该目标迈出的一“大步”，而我却偏偏不要，他对此大惑不解。

3.Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is,some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but not curiously;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention.
3. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。

换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。

（王佐良译）
4.Under present arrangements,where marriages seem to be lifetime contracts and then are broken through various tricks or terrible court battles,the children do suffer.Marriage and divorce turn lovers into enemies,and their children are left to thread their way through the emotional wreckage of their parents’ lives.If the bitter stage of divorce could be avoided by a frank acceptance of short-term marriages,both adults and children would benefit.
4.在目前的情况下，婚姻似乎是终身的签约。

但后来双方通过各种手段或在法庭上激烈较量致使婚姻关系破裂，子女们深受其害。

结婚后又离婚，爱人变成了仇人，小孩只好终身忍受父母生活中感情破裂所带来的痛苦。

如果坦然地接受短期婚姻可以避免离婚所带来的痛苦，那么大人小孩都会从中受益。

5. A Noble Gift（一件崇高的礼品）
One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty,was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France.The great statue,which was desigened by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi,took ten years to complete.The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel.Before it could be transported to the United States,a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built.The site choden was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour.By 1884,a statue which was 151 feet tall,had been erected in Paris .The following year,it was taken to pieces and sent to America.By the end of October 1886.the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi.Ever since then,the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.
5.世界上最著名的纪念碑之一——自由女神像是十九世纪法国人赠送给美利坚合众国的。

这座由雕塑家奥古斯塔·巴托尔德设计的巨大铜像，用了十年功夫才造成的。

它的身体部分是用铜制作的，支撑身体的金属支架是由埃菲尔专门制造的。

在自由女神铜像运往美国之前，须先找一个安放的地点，并建造一个垫座。

所选地点在纽约港入口处的一个岛上。

到1884 年，这个151 英尺高的雕像在巴黎建成。

第二年，雕像被拆卸成件运往美国。

1886 年10 月底，雕像又被拼装起来，由巴托尔德正式赠送给美国人民。

此后，对经由纽约港来美国定居的数百万人们来说，这座巨大的纪念碑一直是自由的象征。