Grammar(英文版)
牛津英语9A Unit3 Grammar 教案及练习(含答案)
9A Unit3 T eenage problemsPeriod Five (Grammar A/B)教学目标1、总结归纳动词不定式的用法。
2、用特殊疑问词＋to不定式来谈论问题。
教学重点难点make me laugh to tell you the truthspare some time for me care aboutLinda came back home to find he house on fire.Paul knows who to talk to her help.Simon knows who to talk to for help.Simon does not know what to do.You should decide which to do first.Simon just forget s when to meet his friends.Sandy wants to know where to ask for advice.Millie does not know how to solve her problems.预习作业动词不定式在句中的成份教学步骤Step1预习检测检查预习作业让学生在Reading部分划出所有不定式，并说出不定式所作成分。
Step2探索研究1.教师解读49页A部分的说明文字，学生掌握to do 在句中的成份。
2.可省略to的动词不定式如:make, let, have, see, hear, notice 等，但这些动词被用在被动语态中时t o不能省略。
(1)The boss made his workers work for 12 hours.The workers were made to work for 12 hours by the boss.（2）We often hear that girl sing in her room.That girl is often heard to sing in her room.3．完成50页A1部分的练习，朗读对话。
英语语法指南电子版第十版
英语语法指南电子版第十版英文回答：A Comprehensive Guide to English Grammar, Tenth Edition. Table of Contents.Introduction.Part 1: The Basics of English Grammar.Part 2: Parts of Speech.Part 3: Sentence Structure.Part 4: Verb Tenses.Part 5: Adjectives and Adverbs.Part 6: Pronouns.Part 7: Prepositions and Conjunctions.Part 8: Punctuation and Capitalization.Part 9: Essay Writing.Part 10: Reference Guide.Introduction.This comprehensive guide to English grammar is designed to provide a thorough understanding of the fundamental principles of the English language. Whether you are a native speaker or a learner, this guide will help you to improve your grammar skills and use English more effectively.Part 1: The Basics of English Grammar.This section provides a foundation for understanding English grammar. It covers topics such as the structure ofthe English language, the parts of speech, and thedifferent types of sentences.Part 2: Parts of Speech.This section focuses on the different parts of speech, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Each part of speech is explained in detail, with examples and exercises to reinforce understanding.Part 3: Sentence Structure.This section covers the structure of English sentences, including the different types of sentences, the order of words in a sentence, and the use of punctuation. It also provides guidance on how to write clear and concise sentences.Part 4: Verb Tenses.This section explains the different verb tenses inEnglish, including the present tense, past tense, future tense, and perfect tenses. It provides detailed explanations of how to use each tense correctly and provides exercises to practice using them.Part 5: Adjectives and Adverbs.This section covers the use of adjectives and adverbs in English. It explains how to use adjectives to describe nouns and adverbs to describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. It also provides guidance on how to use adjectives and adverbs effectively in writing.Part 6: Pronouns.This section provides a comprehensive overview of pronouns in English. It covers the different types of pronouns, including personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and demonstrative pronouns. It also explains how to use pronouns correctly in sentences and provides exercises to practice using them.Part 7: Prepositions and Conjunctions.This section covers the use of prepositions and conjunctions in English. It explains how to useprepositions to show the relationship between words in a sentence and how to use conjunctions to connect words, phrases, and clauses. It also provides exercises topractice using prepositions and conjunctions.Part 8: Punctuation and Capitalization.This section covers the rules of punctuation and capitalization in English. It explains how to use punctuation marks, such as commas, periods, and quotation marks, correctly. It also provides guidance on when to capitalize words and provides exercises to practice using punctuation and capitalization.Part 9: Essay Writing.This section provides guidance on how to writeeffective essays. It covers topics such as choosing a topic,developing a thesis statement, organizing your essay, and writing a strong conclusion. It also provides tips on how to improve your writing style and avoid common grammar mistakes.Part 10: Reference Guide.This section provides a quick and easy reference to the key grammar rules covered in the guide. It includes a list of all the parts of speech, a chart of verb tenses, and a summary of punctuation rules.中文回答：英语语法指南电子版第十版。
grammarfocus翻译
grammarfocus翻译Grammar Focus英 [ˈɡræmə(r) ˈfəʊkəs]美 [ˈɡræmər ˈfoʊkəs]语法重点；语法聚焦；语法要点；语法焦点；重点语法。
grammar 读音：英[ˈɡræmə(r)] ；美[ˈɡræmər]。
名词，意思是语法；文法；(人的)语言知识及运用能力；语法书。
focus，英文单词，主要用作名词、及物动词、不及物动词，作名词时意为“焦点；中心；清晰；焦距，人名；(瑞典)福库斯”，作及物动词时意为“使集中；使聚焦”，作不及物动词时意为“集中；聚焦；调节焦距”。
Elementary: Able to use simple words and grammar, focus on daily life in some simple topic of the dialogue.能够运用简单的语句及语法，围绕日常生活中某些简单的话题进行对话。
Teaching and learning grammar should focus on practice rather th an the study of grammar itself. Knowing grammar is not enough foe rea l communication.语法学习重在语言实践而不是语法本身，了解了语法知识并不足以进行真正的语言交际。
We are guided by the macro-theory of researches in Chinese gram mar, focus on the three dimensional grammar analyses, and utilize the c ognitive theory, to study on a multi-directional, multi-level inspection.我们在汉语语法研究的宏观理论的指导下，着眼于三个平面的分析，利用认知主义理论，对研究对象进行全方位、多层次的考察。
Unit4 Grammar【课件】八年级英语下册(牛津深圳版)
Complete the article below with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
When we draw a cartoon face, some parts of the face (1) _s_h_o_u_ld__b_e_m__a_d_e__ (should/make) bigger to make the face look funny. So let’s start to draw a cartoon face for the woman!
3.含has的被动语态句型变化： This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 This book hasn't been translated into many languages. 这本书没有被翻译成多种文字。 Has this book been translated into many languages? 这本书被翻译成多种文字吗？ Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. 是的。/ 不，没有。
3. 含 should的被动语态句型变化： Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你应该现在就改正你的错误。 Your mistakes shouldn't be corrected right now. 你不应该现在就改正你的错误。 Should my mistakes be corrected right now? 我应该现在就改正我的错误吗？ Yes, they should. / No, they shouldn't. 是的。/ 不是。
高二英语外研版选修7课件：2-3 Grammar
解析：题意：我们公司的员工都打算到市中心看那场 时装秀。consider意为“考虑，打算”时，后接名词或动 名词作宾语；意为“认为”时，常用于被动语态，构成be
considered to be/as...结构。
答案：B
Module 2 Highlights of My Senior Year
外 研 版 英 语
2)v. 为死者恸哭；哀号
keening over her murdered son 恸哭她那被谋害的儿 子
Module 2 Highlights of My Senior Year
高考链接
Dolly wants to cycle round the world and she is really keen________the idea. A．on B．for C．at D．with 解析：题意：多丽想去环游世界，并且她很热衷于这
外 研 版 英 语
Module 2 Highlights of My Senior Year
知识拓展
develop out of/from... develop(...)into development n. developed adj. developing adj. underdeveloped adj. 由„„发展起来 (使„„)发展成为 发展；开发 发达的 发展中的 不发达的
外 研 版 英 语
②They considered this problem was very important.
他们以为这个问题非常重要。
Module 2 Highlights of My Senior Year
2)regard侧重通过表面观察来判断得出的主观评价；
七年级上册英语(沪教版)各单元词汇表【单词、音标、释义、例句】
Unit 2 Daily life
例句 The players had to change their daily routine and lifestyle.
According to an article in The Economist, the drug could have side effects. I would never do anything to hurt him. They often play table tennis together. I don't ride my motorbike anymore. We're usually working side by side with the men.
go to bed get up
去睡觉 起床
Go to bed if you feel sleepy. She was the last to go to bed. They have to get up early in the morning.
你困了就去睡吧。 她是最后一个上床睡觉的。 他们早上得早起。
flat
yourself US close to
音标 [ˈdʒɜ:mən]
['dʒɜ:mənɪ] [blɒg] [ˈgræmə(r)] [saʊnd] [kəmˈpli:t] [ˈhɒbi] [ˈkʌntri]
词性
adj. /n.
n. n. n. n. v. n.
中文 德国的，德国人 的；德语 德国 博客 语法 声音 完成 爱好
如果你不去上学，你妈妈会生气的！ 他擅长画画。 我将和我的新邻居们交朋友。 我们的朋友遍天下。 我想问问你未来的计划。
英文
daily
高二英语必修5(外研版)3-3Grammar
必修⑤
第三课时
Module 3
Adventure in literature and the cinema
(2)vt. 弄乱，搞乱，搅乱。如： Don't disturb the papers on my desk. 别把我写字台上的文件弄乱了。 词语辨析：disturb, interrupt disturb 作“打扰，妨碍，使不安”解，重在
外 研 版 英 语
答案：D
必修⑤
第三课时
Module 3
Adventure in literature and the cinema
3．be set in 以„„为背景 ①The play is set in Spain in the 17th century. 这个剧本以17世纪的西班牙为背景。 ②The film was set in the“gold rush”in America. 这部电影以美国的“淘金者”为背景。
答案：B
必修⑤
第三课时
Module 3
Adventure in literature and the cinema
1．play a trick on sb.
捉弄某人，对某人搞恶作剧。 trick也可用复数形式。如： Robert played a trick on me by refusing to do what he had pormised.
外 研 版 英 语
Robert耍了我，拒绝兑现他的承诺。
必修⑤
第三课时
Module 3
Adventure in literature and the cinema
知识拓展 “取笑，捉弄”短语荟萃： play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人，对某人搞恶 作剧 make fun of sb. 嘲弄某人，取笑某人 play a joke/jokes on sb. 开某人的玩笑，捉弄某人 make a food of sb. 愚弄某人，嘲笑某人
词汇表及课文原文翻译 人教版九年级全一册
Unit 1 How can we become good learners? 【Vocabulary】textbook /tekstbuk/ n.教科书；课本p.1conversation /kɔnvəs eɪʃn/, n.交谈；谈话p.2aloud /əlaud/ adv.大声地；出声地p.2pronunciation /prənʌnsieIʃn/ n.发音；读音p.2sentence /sentəns/ n.句子p.2patient /peiʃnt/ adj.有耐心的n.病人p.2expression /ikspreʃn/ n.表达（方式）；表示p.3discover /dIskʌvə (r)/ v.发现；发觉p.3secret /si:krət/ n.秘密；adj. 秘密的；p.3look up 查阅；抬头看p.3grammar /græmə (r)/ n.语法p.3repeat /ripi:t/ v.重复；重做p.4note /nəut/ n. 笔记；记录v.注意；指出p.4pal /pæl/ n.朋友；伙伴p.4physics /fiziks/ n.物理；物理学p.4chemistry /kemistri/ n.化学p.4memorize /meməraiz/v.记忆；记住p.4pattern /pætn/, /pætən/ n.模式；方式p.4pronounce /prənauns/ v.发音p.5increase /Inkri:s/ v.增加；增长p.5speed /spi:d/ n.速度v.加速p.5partner /pa:(r)tnə (r)/ n.搭档；同伴p.5born /bɔ:n/ v.出生adj. 天生的p.6be born with 天生具有p.6ability /əbiləti/ n.能力；才能p.6create /krieit/ v.创造；创建p.6brain /brein/ n.大脑p.6active /æktiv/ adj.活跃的；积极的p.6attention /ətenʃn/ n.注意；关注p.6pay attention to 注意；关注p.6connect /kənekt/ v.（使）连接；与⋯⋯有联系p.6connect … with把⋯⋯和⋯⋯连接或联系起来p.6overnight /əuvə (r)nait/adv.一夜之间；在夜间p.6review /rivju:/ v. & n.回顾；复习p.6knowledge /nɔlidʒ/ n.知识；学问p.6lifelong /laiflɔŋ/adj.终生的；毕业的p.6wisely /waizli/ adv.明智地；聪明地p.6【Section A-2d】Jack: Annie, I’m a little nervous. I have to finish reading a book and give a report next Monday.Annie: That doesn’t sound too bad.Jack: But I’m a very slow reader.Annie: Just read quickly to get the main ideas at first. Don’t read word by word. Read word groups.Jack: But I don’t understand many of the words. I have to use a dictionary.Annie: Try to guess a word’s meaning by reading the sentences before and after it. You probably understand more than you think.Jack: That sounds difficult!Annie: Well, be patient. It takes time. You can become better by reading something you enjoy every day. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.【课文翻译】杰克：安妮，我有点紧张，我必须读完一本书，以便下周一作报告。
English Grammar
• 下面通过英汉语法的对比来看英语语法的特 点
练练——英汉语法对比
• 一、 汉语中有很多无主语句子或省略主语的 句子，在用英语表达时，须补出主语（祈使 句的情形例外）。如：
• 1、暑假过得很开心 The summer vacation is happy. (F) We/They had a good time in the summer vacation. (T)
• ①并列句（并列连词连接） • ②复合句（从句引导词引导）
• 复杂结构充当句子成分
• 简单句子中的成分一般由简单的词或词组充当,而随 着句子变长变难,句中的一个成分可能就会由长而且 复杂的结构充当,如从句、非谓语动词短语、动词短 语、形容词短语、介词短语等等。 • 如： Feeling upset and not wanting to try, I left the city which I loved. （分词短语作状语、从句作定语）
↗
习得
↖
↗
语言学习
• 语法知识与语言技能
• 语法知识如何转化为语言技能，要做到下面两点： • 首先，要“多思考”（think much）,要认真领 悟书中所讲到的语法规则。认真思考语法规则背 后的合乎情理的思维规律，把“课本上的语法” （a textbook grammar）变为“头脑中的语法” （a mental grammar）——即逐渐培养自己运 用英语思维的能力。
(上面的这个汉语句子实际上没有主语，“暑假”在 句中是状语。译成英语时须加主语We/They/He/I 等。)
• 2、天气糟透了。整天刮大风下大雨的。 The weather was so bad. It blew hard and rained heavily all the day. （翻译时必须补出主语It。）
译林版必修一Unit 2Section Ⅲ Grammar—简单句、并列句和主从复合句
Section ⅢGrammar——简单句、并列句和主从复合句①We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult.②If your problem is a new one，write a post about it.③You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem.④It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.⑤Our website has many articles about teenagers’ physical and mental health.⑥Shall I send the book to you，or will you come to get it?⑦The little girl who you saw yesterday is my cousin.⑧Users are encouraged to post their problems，and they will get some advice from our experts and other forum users.⑨I have travelled to many places，but I still want to visit more.【自主发现】1.简单句：③⑤2.并列句：⑥⑧⑨3.主从复合句：①②④⑦；句①中含有宾语从句；句④中含有主语从句；句②中含有状语从句；句⑦中含有定语从句一、简单句(simple sentences)1.概念：简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
2.分类(1)一个主语＋一个谓语She│enjoyed collecting stamps.她喜欢收集邮票。
牛津译林版九年级英语上册Unit1Knowyourself-Grammar(A)
and,or,but,so特殊用法
8.It’sgettingwarmer__warmer. A.andB.butC.or adj.比+and+adj.比表示越来越… 9.Heorthetwins__theUSA. efrom C.isfrom
10.NotTombutI___goingtogivethetalk. A.amB.isC.are
一.用and,but,or或so填空 and 1.Wewenttherebybus_______ wegotthereontime. 2.Wouldyoulikesomeapples _______bananas? or 3.Iwanttogotraveling,_______Ihaven't but gotenoughmoney. and 4.Youcanfindsomenews_____interest ingstoriesontheInternet.
Thepyramidsaresma ll.Thepyramidslookju stliketherealones.
Thepyramidsaresmallbut look but ustliketherealones.
IwillvisitParisbymyself. Mymotherwillshowme aroundParis.
and:表对等“和、并且” but:表转折“但是” so:表因果“所以”
4.Whichdoyoulikebetter,apples,__pears? A.andB.butC.or 5.Nowwehavenotime_____money. A.soB.andC.or
or:1.用于疑问句,表选择 2.用于否定句,表并列
or IwillvisitParisbymyselformymot herwillshowmearoundParis.
英语语法(英文版)English_Grammar_in_English
1 An Introduction to Word classes (4)1.1 Criteria for Word Classes (4)1.1.1 Meaning (5)1.1.2 The form or `shape' of a word (5)1.1.3 The position or `environment' of a word in a sentence (6)1.2 Open and Closed Word Classes (7)2 Nouns (8)2.1 Characteristics of Nouns (8)2.2 Common and Proper Nouns (10)2.3 Count and Non-count Nouns (11)2.4 Pronouns (11)2.5 Other Types of Pronoun (13)2.6 Numerals (14)2.7 The Gender of Nouns (15)3 Determiners (16)3.1 Numerals and Determiners (17)3.2 Pronouns and Determiners (18)3.3 The Ordering of Determiners (19)3.4 Predeterminers (19)3.5 Central Determiners (20)3.6 Postdeterminers (20)4 Verbs (21)4.1 The Base Form (21)4.2 Past and Present Forms (22)4.3 The Infinitive Form (23)4.4 More Verb Forms: -ing and -ed (24)4.5 Finite and Nonfinite Verbs (25)4.6 Auxiliary Verbs (25)4.7 Auxiliary Verb Types (25)4.8 The NICE Properties of Auxiliaries (28)4.9 Semi-auxiliaries (29)4.10 Tense and Aspect (30)4.11 Voice (31)5 Adjectives (32)5.1 Characteristics of Adjectives (33)5.2 Attributive and Predicative Adjectives (34)5.3 Inherent and Non-inherent Adjectives (35)5.4 Stative and Dynamic Adjectives (36)5.5 Nominal Adjectives (37)5.6 Adjectives and Nouns (38)5.7 Participial Adjectives (40)5.8 The Ordering of Adjectives (45)6 Adverbs (47)6.1 Formal Characteristics of Adverbs (48)6.2 Adverbs and Adjectives (49)6.3 Circumstantial Adverbs (50)6.4 Additives, Exclusives, and Particularizers (51)6.5 Wh- Adverbs (52)6.6 Sentence Adverbs (52)7 Prepositions (52)7.1 Complex Prepositions (53)7.2 Marginal Prepositions (54)8 Conjunctions (55)8.1 Coordination Types (56)8.2 False Coordination (57)9 Minor word classes (58)9.1 Formulaic Expressions (58)9.2 Existential there (59)9.3 Uses of It (59)10 Introduces phrases (60)10.1 Defining a Phrase (60)10.2 The Basic Structure of a Phrase (61)10.3 More Phrase Types (62)10.4 Noun Phrase (NP) (63)10.5 Verb Phrase (VP) (64)10.6 Adjective Phrase (AP) (65)10.7 Adverb Phrase (AdvP) (66)10.8 Prepositional Phrase (PP) (66)10.9 Phrases within Phrases (66)11 Clauses and sentences (67)11.1 The Clause Hierarchy (68)11.2 Finite and Nonfinite Clauses (69)11.3 Subordinate Clause Types (70)11.3.1 Relative Clauses (71)11.3.2 Nominal Relative Clauses (72)11.3.3 Small Clauses (72)11.4 Subordinate Clauses: Semantic Types (73)11.5 Sentences (74)11.6 The Discourse Functions of Sentences (75)11.6.1 Declarative (75)11.6.2 Interrogative (75)11.6.3 Imperative (76)11.6.4 Exclamative (77)11.7 The Grammatical Hierarchy: Words, Phrases, Clauses, and Sentences (77)12 Form and Function (78)12.1 Subject and Predicat (79)12.2 Characteristics of the Subject (80)12.3 Realisations of the Subject (82)12.4 Some Unusual Subjects (84)12.5 Inside the Predicate (84)12.6 The Direct Object (85)12.7 Realisations of the Direct Object (86)12.8 Subjects and Objects, Active and Passive (87)12.9 The Indirect Object (87)12.10 Realisations of the Indirect Object (88)12.11 Adjuncts (88)12.12 Realisations of Adjuncts (89)12.13 Sentence Patterns from a Functional Perspective (90)12.14 Some Untypical Sentence Patterns (92)13 Functions and Phrases (94)13.1 Complements (94)13.2 Complements in other Phrase Types (96)13.3 Adjuncts in Phrases (97)13.4 Complements and Adjuncts Compared (98)13.5 Specifiers (99)1 An Introduction to Word classesWords are fundamental units in every sentence, so we will begin by looking at these. Consider the words in the following sentence:my brother drives a big carWe can tell almost instinctively that brother and car are the same type of word, and also that brother and drives are different types of words. By this we mean that brother and car belong to the same word class. Similarly, when we recognise that brother and drives are different types, we mean that they belong to different word classes. We recognise seven MAJOR word classes:Verb be, drive, grow, sing, thinkNoun brother, car, David, house, LondonDeterminer a, an, my, some, theAdjective big, foolish, happy, talented, tidyAdverb happily, recently, soon, then, therePreposition at, in, of, over, withConjunction and, because, but, if, orYou may find that other grammars recognise different word classes from the ones listed here. They may also define the boundaries between the classes in different ways. In some grammars, for instance, pronouns are treated as a separate word class, whereas we treat them as a subclass of nouns. A difference like this should not cause confusion. Instead, it highlights an important principle in grammar, known as GRADIENCE. This refers to the fact that the boundaries between the word classes are not absolutely fixed. Many word classes share characteristics with others, and there is considerable overlap between some of the classes. In other words, the boundaries are "fuzzy", so different grammars draw them in different places.We will discuss each of the major word classes in turn. Then we will look briefly at some MINOR word classes. But first, let us consider how we distinguish between word classes in general.1.1 Criteria for Word ClassesWe began by grouping words more or less on the basis of our instincts about English. We somehow "feel" that brother and car belong to the same class, and that brother and drives belong todifferent classes. However, in order to conduct an informed study of grammar, we need a much more reliable and more systematic method than this for distinguishing between word classes.We use a combination of three criteria for determining the word class of a word:1. The meaning of the word2. The form or `shape' of the word3. The position or `environment' of the word in a sentence1.1.1 MeaningUsing this criterion, we generalize about the kind of meanings that words convey. For example, we could group together the words brother and car, as well as David, house, and London, on the basis that they all refer to people, places, or things. In fact, this has traditionally been a popular approach to determining members of the class of nouns. It has also been applied to verbs, by saying that they denote some kind of "action", like cook, drive, eat, run, shout, walk.This approach has certain merits, since it allows us to determine word classes by replacing words in a sentence with words of "similar" meaning. For instance, in the sentence My son cooks dinner every Sunday, we can replace the verb cooks with other "action" words:My son cooks dinner every SundayMy son prepares dinner every SundayMy son eats dinner every SundayMy son misses dinner every SundayOn the basis of this replacement test, we can conclude that all of these words belong to the same class, that of "action" words, or verbs.However, this approach also has some serious limitations. The definition of a noun as a word denoting a person, place, or thing, is wholly inadequate, since it excludes abstract nouns such as time, imagination, repetition, wisdom, and chance. Similarly, to say that verbs are "action" words excludes a verb like be, as in I want to be happy. What "action" does be refer to here? So although this criterion has a certain validity when applied to some words, we need other, more stringent criteria as well.1.1.2 The form or `shape' of a wordSome words can be assigned to a word class on the basis of their form or `shape'. For example, many nouns have a characteristic -tion ending:action, condition, contemplation, demonstration, organization, repetition Similarly, many adjectives end in -able or -ible:acceptable, credible, miserable, responsible, suitable, terribleMany words also take what are called INFLECTIONS, that is, regular changes in their form under certain conditions. For example, nouns can take a plural inflection, usually by adding an -s at the end:car -- car sdinner -- dinner sbook -- book sVerbs also take inflections:walk -- walk s -- walk ed -- walk ing1.1.3 The position or `environment' of a word in a sentenceThis criterion refers to where words typically occur in a sentence, and the kinds of words which typically occur near to them. We can illustrate the use of this criterion using a simple example. Compare the following:[1] I cook dinner every Sunday[2] The cook is on holidayIn [1], cook is a verb, but in [2], it is a noun. We can see that it is a verb in [1] because it takes the inflections which are typical of verbs:I cook dinner every SundayI cooked dinner last SundayI am cooking dinner todayMy son cooks dinner every SundayAnd we can see that cook is a noun in [2] because it takes the plural -s inflectionThe cooks are on holidayIf we really need to, we can also apply a replacement test, based on our first criterion, replacing cook in each sentence with "similar" words:Notice that we can replace verbs with verbs, and nouns with nouns, but we cannot replace verbs with nouns or nouns with verbs:*I chef dinner every Sunday*The eat is on holidayIt should be clear from this discussion that there is no one-to-one relation between words and their classes. Cook can be a verb or a noun -- it all depends on how the word is used. In fact, many words can belong to more than one word class. Here are some more examples:She looks very pale (verb)She's very proud of her looks (noun)He drives a fast car (adjective)He drives very fast on the motorway (adverb)Turn on the light (noun)I'm trying to light the fire (verb)I usually have a light lunch (adjective)You will see here that each italicised word can belong to more than one word class. However, they only belong to one word class at a time, depending on how they are used. So it is quite wrong to say, for example, "cook is a verb". Instead, we have to say something like "cook is a verb in the sentence I cook dinner every Sunday, but it is a noun in The cook is on holiday".Of the three criteria for word classes that we have discussed here, the Internet Grammar will emphasise the second and third - the form of words, and how they are positioned or how they function in sentences.1.2 Open and Closed Word ClassesSome word classes are OPEN, that is, new words can be added to the class as the need arises. The class of nouns, for instance, is potentially infinite, since it is continually being expanded as new scientific discoveries are made, new products are developed, and new ideas are explored. In the late twentieth century, for example, developments in computer technology have given rise to many new nouns:Internet, website, URL, CD-ROM, email, newsgroup, bitmap, modem, multimediaNew verbs have also been introduced:download, upload, reboot, right-click, double-clickThe adjective and adverb classes can also be expanded by the addition of new words, though less prolifically.On the other hand, we never invent new prepositions, determiners, or conjunctions. These classes include words like of, the, and but. They are called CLOSED word classes because they are made up of finite sets of words which are never expanded (though their members may change their spelling, for example, over long periods of time). The subclass of pronouns, within the open noun class, is also closed.Words in an open class are known as open-class items. Words in a closed class are known as closed-class items.In the pages which follow, we will look in detail at each of the seven major word classes.2 NounsNouns are commonly thought of as "naming" words, and specifically as the names of "people, places, or things". Nouns such as John, London, and computer certainly fit this description, but the class of nouns is much broader than this. Nouns also denote abstract and intangible concepts such as birth, happiness, evolution, technology, management, imagination, revenge, politics, hope, cookery, sport, literacy....Because of this enormous diversity of reference, it is not very useful to study nouns solely in terms of their meaning. It is much more fruitful to consider them from the point of view of their formal characteristics.2.1 Characteristics of NounsMany nouns can be recognised by their endings. Typical noun endings include:-er/-or actor, painter, plumber, writer-ism criticism, egotism, magnetism, vandalism-ist artist, capitalist, journalist, scientist-ment arrangement, development, establishment, government-tion foundation, organisation, recognition, suppositionMost nouns have distinctive SINGULAR and PLURAL forms. The plural of regular nouns is formed by adding -s to the singular:Singular Pluralcar carsdog dogshouse housesHowever, there are many irregular nouns which do not form the plural in this way:Singular Pluralman menchild childrensheep sheepThe distinction between singular and plural is known as NUMBER CONTRAST.We can recognise many nouns because they often have the, a, or an in front of them:the caran artista surprisethe egga reviewThese words are called determiners, which is the next word class we will look at.Nouns may take an -'s ("apostrophe s") or GENITIVE MARKER to indicate possession:the boy's pena spider's webmy girlfriend's brotherJohn's houseIf the noun already has an -s ending to mark the plural, then the genitive marker appears only as an apostrophe after the plural form:the boys' pensthe spiders' websthe Browns' houseThe genitive marker should not be confused with the 's form of contracted verbs, as in John's a good boy (= John is a good boy).Nouns often co-occur without a genitive marker between them:rally cartable topcheese graterUniversity entrance examinationWe will look at these in more detail later, when we discuss noun phrases.2.2 Common and Proper NounsNouns which name specific people or places are known as PROPER NOUNS.JohnMaryLondonFranceMany names consist of more than one word:John WesleyQueen MarySouth AfricaAtlantic OceanBuckingham PalaceProper nouns may also refer to times or to dates in the calendar:January, February, Monday, Tuesday, Christmas, ThanksgivingAll other nouns are COMMON NOUNS.Since proper nouns usually refer to something or someone unique, they do not normally take plurals. However, they may do so, especially when number is being specifically referred to:there are three Davids in my classwe met two Christmases agoFor the same reason, names of people and places are not normally preceded by determiners the or a/an, though they can be in certain circumstances:it's nothing like the America I remembermy brother is an Einstein at maths2.3 Count and Non-count NounsCommon nouns are either count or non-count. COUNT nouns can be "counted", as follows:one pen, two pens, three pens, four pens...NON-COUNT nouns, on the other hand, cannot be counted in this way:one software, *two softwares, *three softwares, *four softwares...From the point of view of grammar, this means that count nouns have singular as well as plural forms, whereas non-count nouns have only a singular form.It also means that non-count nouns do not take a/an before them:Count Non-counta pen *a softwareIn general, non-count nouns are considered to refer to indivisible wholes. For this reason, they are sometimes called MASS nouns.Some common nouns may be either count or non-count, depending on the kind of reference they have. For example, in I made a cake, cake is a count noun, and the a before it indicates singular number. However, in I like cake, the reference is less specific. It refers to "cake in general", and so cake is non-count in this sentence.2.4 PronounsPronouns are a major subclass of nouns. We call them a subclass of nouns because they can sometimes replace a noun in a sentence:Noun PronounJohn got a new job ~He got a new jobChildren should watch less television~They should watch less televisionIn these examples the pronouns have the same reference as the nouns which they replace. In each case, they refer to people, and so we call them PERSONAL PRONOUNS. However, we also include in this group the pronoun it, although this pronoun does not usually refer to a person. There are three personal pronouns, and each has a singular and a plural form:Person Singular Plural1st I we2nd you you3rd he/she/it theyThese pronouns also have another set of forms, which we show here:Person Singular Plural1st me us2nd you you3rd him/her/it themThe first set of forms (I, you, he...) exemplifies the SUBJECTIVE CASE, and the second set (me, you, him...) exemplifies the OBJECTIVE CASE. The distinction between the two cases relates to how they can be used in sentences. For instance, in our first example above, we say that he can replace JohnJohn got a new job~He got a new jobBut he cannot replace John in I gave John a new job . Here, we have to use the objective form him : I gave him a new job .2.5 Other Types of PronounAs well as personal pronouns, there are many other types, which we summarise here.Pronoun Type Members of the Subclass ExamplePossessivemine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirsThe white car is mineReflexivemyself, yourself, himself,herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselvesHe injured himself playing football Reciprocal each other, one anotherThey really hate each otherRelativethat, which, who, whose, whom, where, whenThe book that you gave me was really boring Demonstrative this, that, these, those This is a new car Interrogative who, what, why, where, when, whateverWhat did he say to you?Indefiniteanything, anybody, anyone,something, somebody, someone, nothing, nobody, none, no oneThere's something in my shoeCase and number distinctions do not apply to all pronoun types. In fact, they apply only to personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, and reflexive pronouns. It is only in these types, too, that gender differences are shown (personal he/she , possessive his/hers , reflexive himself/herself ). All other types are unvarying in their form.Many of the pronouns listed above also belong to another word class - the class of determiners. They are pronouns when they occur independently, that is, without a noun following them, as in This is a new car . But when a noun follows them - This car is new - they are determiners. We will look at determiners in the next section.A major difference between pronouns and nouns generally is that pronouns do not take the or a/an before them. Further, pronouns do not take adjectives before them, except in very restricted constructions involving some indefinite pronouns (a little something, a certain someone).While the class of nouns as a whole is an open class, the subclass of pronouns is closed.2.6 NumeralsNumerals include all numbers, whether as words or as digits. They may be divided into two major types. CARDINAL numerals include words like:nought, zero, one, two, 3, fifty-six, 100, a thousandORDINAL numerals includefirst, 2nd, third, fourth, 500thWe classify numerals as a subclass of nouns because in certain circumstances they can take plurals:five twos are tenhe's in his eightiesThey may also take the:the fourth of Julya product of the 1960sAnd some plural numerals can take an adjective before them, just like other nouns:the house was built in the late 1960she's in his early twentiesthe temperature is in the high ninetiesIn each of our examples, the numerals occur independently, that is, without a noun following them. In these positions, we can classify them as a type of noun because they behave in much the same way as nouns do. Notice, for example, that we can replace the numerals in our examples with common nouns:he is in his eighties~he is in his bedroomthe fourth of July ~the beginning of Julya product of the 1960s~a product of the revolutionNumerals do not always occur independently. They often occur before a noun, as inone daythree pagesthe fourth day of JulyIn this position, we classify them as determiners, which we will examine in the next section.Finally, see if you can answer this question:Is the subclass of numerals open or closed?2.7 The Gender of NounsThe gender of nouns plays an important role in the grammar of some languages. In French, for instance, a masculine noun can only take the masculine form of an adjective. If the noun is feminine, then it will take a different form of the same adjective - its feminine form.In English, however, nouns are not in themselves masculine or feminine. They do not have grammatical gender, though they may refer to male or female people or animals:the waiter is very prompt ~the waitress is very promptthe lion roars at night ~the lioness roars at nightThese distinctions in spelling reflect differences in sex, but they have no grammatical implications. For instance, we use the same form of an adjective whether we are referring to a waiter or to a waitress:an efficient waiter~an efficient waitressSimilarly, the natural distinctions reflected in such pairs as brother/sister, nephew/niece, and king/queen have no consequence for grammar. While they refer to specific sexes, these words are not masculine or feminine in themselves.However, gender is significant in the choice of a personal pronoun to replace a noun:John is late ~He is lateMary is late ~She is lateHere the choice of pronoun is determined by the sex of the person being referred to. However, this distinction is lost in the plural:John and Mary are late ~They are lateJohn and David are late ~They are lateMary and Jane are late ~They are lateGender differences are also manifested in possessive pronouns (his/hers) and in reflexive pronouns (himself/herself).When the notion of sex does not apply -- when we refer to inanimate objects, for instance -- we use the pronoun it:the letter arrived late ~it arrived late3 DeterminersNouns are often preceded by the words the, a, or an. These words are called DETERMINERS. They indicate the kind of reference which the noun has. The determiner the is known as the DEFINITE ARTICLE. It is used before both singular and plural nouns:Singular Pluralthe taxi the taxisthe paper the papersthe apple the applesThe determiner a (or an, when the following noun begins with a vowel) is the INDEFINITE ARTICLE. It is used when the noun is singular:a taxia paperan appleThe articles the and a/an are the most common determiners, but there are many others:any taxithat questionthose applesthis papersome applewhatever taxiwhichever taxiMany determiners express quantity:all examplesboth parentsmany peopleeach personevery nightseveral computersfew excusesenough waterno escapePerhaps the most common way to express quantity is to use a numeral. We look at numerals as determiners in the next section.3.1 Numerals and DeterminersNumerals are determiners when they appear before a noun. In this position, cardinal numerals express quantity:one booktwo bookstwenty booksIn the same position, ordinal numerals express sequence:first impressionssecond chancethird prizeThe subclass of ordinals includes a set of words which are not directly related to numbers (as first is related to one, second is related to two, etc). These are called general ordinals, and they include last, latter, next, previous, and subsequent. These words also function as determiners:next weeklast ordersprevious engagementsubsequent developmentsWhen they do not come before a noun, as we've already seen, numerals are a subclass of nouns. And like nouns, they can take determiners:the two of usthe first of manyThey can even have numerals as determiners before them:five twos are tenIn this example, twos is a plural noun and it has the determiner five before it.3.2 Pronouns and DeterminersThere is considerable overlap between the determiner class and the subclass of pronouns. Many words can be both:Pronoun DeterminerThis is a very boring book This book is very boringThat's an excellent film That film is excellentAs this table shows, determiners always come before a noun, but pronouns are more independent than this. They function in much the same way as nouns, and they can be replaced by nouns in the sentences above:This is a very boring book ~Ivanhoe is a very boring bookThat's an excellent film ~Witness is an excellent filmOn the other hand, when these words are determiners, they cannot be replaced by nouns:This book is very boring ~*Ivanhoe book is very boringThat film is excellent ~*Witness film is excellentThe personal pronouns (I, you, he, etc) cannot be determiners. This is also true of the possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his/hers, ours, and theirs). However, these pronouns do have corresponding forms which are determiners:Possessive Pronoun DeterminerThe white car is mine My car is whiteYours is the blue coat Your coat is blueThe car in the garage is his/hers His/her car is in the garageDavid's house is big, but ours is bigger Our house is bigger than David'sTheirs is the house on the left Their house is on the leftThe definite and the indefinite articles can never be pronouns. They are always determiners. 3.3 The Ordering of DeterminersDeterminers occur before nouns, and they indicate the kind of reference which the nouns have. Depending on their relative position before a noun, we distinguish three classes of determiners.Predeterminer Central Determiner Postdeterminer NounI met all my many friendsA sentence like this is somewhat unusual, because it is rare for all three determiner slots to be filled in the same sentence. Generally, only one or two slots are filled.3.4 PredeterminersPredeterminers specify quantity in the noun which follows them, and they are of three major types:1. "Multiplying" expressions, including expressions ending in times:twice my salarydouble my salaryten times my salary2. Fractionshalf my salaryone-third my salary3. The words all and both:all my salaryboth my salariesPredeterminers do not normally co-occur:*all half my salary3.5 Central DeterminersThe definite article the and the indefinite article a/an are the most common central determiners:all the bookhalf a chapterAs many of our previous examples show, the word my can also occupy the central determiner slot. This is equally true of the other possessives:all your moneyall his/her moneyall our moneyall their moneyThe demonstratives, too, are central determiners:all these problemstwice that sizefour times this amount3.6 PostdeterminersCardinal and ordinal numerals occupy the postdeterminer slot:the two childrenhis fourth birthdayThis applies also to general ordinals:my next projectour last meetingyour previous remarkher subsequent letterOther quantifying expressions are also postdeterminers:my many friendsour several achievementsthe few friends that I haveUnlike predeterminers, postdeterminers can co-occur:my next two projectsseveral other people4 VerbsVerbs have traditionally been defined as "action" words or "doing" words. The verb in the following sentence is rides:Paul rides a bicycleHere, the verb rides certainly denotes an action which Paul performs - the action of riding a bicycle. However, there are many verbs which do not denote an action at all. For example, in Paul seems unhappy, we cannot say that the verb seems denotes an action. We would hardly say that Paul is performing any action when he seems unhappy. So the notion of verbs as "action" words is somewhat limited.We can achieve a more robust definition of verbs by looking first at their formal features.4.1 The Base FormHere are some examples of verbs in sentences:[1] She travels to work by train[2] David sings in the choir[3] We walked five miles to a garage[4] I cooked a meal for the familyNotice that in [1] and [2], the verbs have an -s ending, while in [3] and [4], they have an -ed。
泽林牛津版九年级英语上Unit8_Grammar_课时练(有答案)
牛津译林版9上Unit 8 Detective stories Period FourGrammar 课堂评价I．词汇过关A根据括号中的中文提示、英文释义或句意，写出句中所缺单词。
1 The police checked the scene for (指纹) and other clues.2 Have you found any clues to the (犯法的) cases?3 He has (maybe, perhaps) gone abroad.4 The poor man is made to work for twelve hours by his (a person in charge of other people at work) every day.5 The man and the woman are a . They have been married for twenty years.B翻译词组。
l用英语写侦探故事2破案3一个著名的女作家4一对老年夫妇5全世界6要求读者核实细节7原来是，结果是8与……无关9在青少年中受欢迎10急忙，赶快II. 语法入门A选择填空。
( ) 1 A friend is someone says, "What! You too? I thought I was the onlyone !"A whoB whichC whatD whose( ) 2 We chat (微信) is an invention can help people talk to friends, and sharephotos, ideas and feelings freely.A whichB whoC whoseD /( ) 3 I still remember the college and the teachers I visited in London years ago.A whatB whoC thatD which( ) 4 Yesterday Li Ming went to the village his family lived ten years ago.A whenB whichC whereD that( ) 5 I like the cartoon has a happy ending and makes meA which; to laughB that; to laughC which; laughD that; laughing( ) 6 --What kind of music do you like?--I like music I can dance to.A becauseB whenC whoD that( ) 7 Most students like the teachers understand them well.A whichB whoC whereD when( ) 8 --- Excuse me, could you tell me ?--- Yes. Go along this street and you will find it on your left.A where is the museumB which is the way to the museumC how far is the museumD how can I get to the museum( ) 9 People are talking about the old houses Jackie Chan bought in Anhui 20years ago.A whichB whereC whoD when( ) 10 She is the girl invention amazed others in the school competition.A whoB thatC whichD whoseB根据中文完成句子。
高考英语单词3500(乱序版)---英文版
3500()1. rat2. valley3. pence4. unconditional5. feather6. zoo7. build8. field9. nationality10. salad11. ferry12. building13. limit14. stewardess15. water16. manage17. path18. example19. purple20. valid21. hurry22. argue23. accommodation24. mixture25. time26. picnic27. consensus28. smoke29. protection30. conscience31. sense32. owe33. chant34. term35. urban36. considerate37. afraid38. bandage39. table tennis40. candidate41. combine42. hurricane 43. independent44. cancer45. choose46. town47. desire48. visual49. life50. submit51. physics52. meaning53. country54. half55. joy56. adult57. servant58. care59. search60. same61. furniture62. agree63. heart64. unemployment65. nearly66. bond67. master68. rise69. punish70. monument71. stick72. tax73. personnel74. fact75. therefore76. ox77. ocean78. eagle79. cloud80. fibrefiber81. bingo82. fortunate83. mommy84. wage85. along86. surplus87. add88. outdoors89. paper90. fetch91. church92. edition93. weather94. opera95. dot96. service97. disease98. symphony99. survival100. thus101. satisfy102. arise103. sorry104. dinosaur105. properly106. story107. appetite108. pronounce109. socialist110. certain111. pea112. bacterium113. contrary114. roof115. carve116. essay117. reward118. convenience119. export120. fit121. racial122. herself123. bid124. novelist125. safety126. off127. east128. misunderstand129. razor130. waiting-room131. short132. surprise133. pleasure134. tidy135. garage136. analyse (Am analyze) 137. notice138. violinist139. ice140. deliberately141. alike142. perfect143. broom144. welfare145. keyboard146. dad=daddy147. approximately148. hopeful149. habit150. confidential151. complex152. recreation153. data154. kindergarten155. sniff156. we157. studio158. overlook159. barbershop160. minority161. escape162. jeans163. videophone164. adapt165. report166. recorder167. betray168. vast169. arrow170. usual171. eat172. spread173. agent174. spare175. conclusion176. rock 177. hometown178. bakery179. conclude180. worry181. operate182. floor183. area184. noise185. chairwoman186. classroom187. communicate188. attack189. event190. dream191. criminal192. authentic193. scarf194. senior195. OK=okay196. description197. representative198. carriage199. sacred200. run201. software202. diet203. copy204. eastern205. carbon206. sow207. universe208. folk209. tendency210. camp211. likely212. alive213. harvest214. devote215. marathon216. Christian217. government218. Franc219. seminar220. departure221. forward222. person223. violence224. basketball225. gas226. fox227. advance228. majority229. credit230. relief231. prefer232. qualification233. sand234. lift235. attain236. fantasy237. trap238. interesting239. nothing240. civilian241. besides242. homework243. container244. fireworks245. toy246. focus247. decide248. frighten249. cleaner250. autumn251. beneath252. hostess253. climb254. expert255. super256. significance257. hair258. phrase259. authority260. agricultural261. explore262. framework263. caf264. consequence265. geography266. your267. match 268. hall269. ship270. suppose 271. signature 272. borrow 273. create 274. companion 275. direction 276. except 277. big278. nutrition 279. anecdote 280. string 281. breast 282. flashlight 283. unconscious 284. champion 285. funeral 286. since 287. how288. jacket 289. robot 290. like291. pleasant 292. airport 293. compensate 294. more 295. sandwich 296. boring 297. seldom 298. jazz299. mile 300. apologize 301. shout 302. commit 303. can304. institution 305. upstairs 306. abortion 307. storage 308. bravery 309. envelope 310. amazing 311. disappoint 312. advantage313. lab=laboratory314. foreign315. conduct316. prison317. agreement318. botany319. famous320. mix321. level322. go323. urgent324. scholar325. jet326. cottage327. sigh328. maid329. pop=popular330. advertisement331. western332. course333. wound334. together335. reservation336. because337. realise338. grateful339. huge340. turn341. knowledge342. arrive343. seaside344. assessment345. kilometre346. plug347. impress348. else349. fail350. discuss351. temporary352. volcano353. call354. asleep355. amateur356. material357. fragrant358. slave359. itself360. stupid361. central362. evening363. collision364. highway365. staff366. Asia367. medicine368. shop369. pump370. discourage371. political372. continent373. bless374. jeep375. account376. zoom377. content378. trousers379. tonight380. spend381. astronaut382. belt383. yet384. result385. gravity386. worth387. prize388. up389. quarrel390. born391. ring392. guard393. driver394. otherwise395. repair396. back397. reasonable398. could399. disappear400. shy401. questionnaire402. cheers 403. interview 404. kindness 405. gold 406. gradual 407. quit 408. medical 409. waste 410. airmail 411. expensive 412. wisdom 413. favourite 414. attitude 415. touch 416. soil 417. especially 418. who 419. suck 420. breath 421. rice 422. stout 423. version 424. oxygen 425. grey 426. humorous 427. burn 428. regard 429. seaweed 430. tremble 431. pillow 432. garlic 433. straw 434. pineapple 435. hot 436. tradition 437. rescue 438. again 439. violent 440. as 441. terror 442. fortune 443. until 444. pride 445. foster 446. home 447. peace448. shorts449. vertical450. jam451. hatch452. atmosphere453. stadium454. main455. people456. light457. injure458. witness459. component460. weekly461. right462. dialogue463. audience464. acquire465. store466. decline467. very468. user469. spit470. undertake471. terrible472. vacation473. much474. handbag475. saucer476. officer477. whisper478. pleased479. greedy480. horse481. little482. cloudy483. mainland484. fee485. taste486. alternative487. opening488. toothache489. universal490. cow491. wheel492. pipe493. profession494. dig495. conversation496. gain497. subjective498. thunder499. clay500. hill501. give502. budget503. against504. cage505. on506. unfit507. scene508. pint509. freezing510. oilfield511. onion512. seed513. outstanding514. wool515. crazy516. sew517. shelf518. freeze519. speed520. behaviourbehavior521. TV=television522. chest523. knock524. something525. directory526. platform527. sightseeing528. bay529. foreigner530. another531. oh532. zero533. boy534. handsome535. rest536. study537. front 538. rely539. aside 540. appeal 541. competence 542. fresh 543. question 544. south 545. annoy 546. pretty 547. conference 548. communist 549. sunlight 550. cure551. slide 552. glance 553. paint 554. wine 555. dive556. admire 557. existence 558. bureaucratic 559. price 560. skill561. nor562. enthusiastic 563. volleyball 564. dam565. delicate 566. someone 567. post568. father 569. disgusting 570. radioactive 571. offense 572. passer-by 573. what 574. human 575. guarantee 576. husband 577. island 578. painting 579. nowadays 580. hardship 581. counter 582. collar583. appropriate584. thriller585. repeat586. perform587. unbelievable588. dozen589. Easter590. noisy591. see592. idea593. uncomfortable594. load595. reception596. look597. value598. chess599. thunderstorm600. convenient601. kilo602. cassette603. toward(s)604. wood605. theft606. chef607. businessman608. silly609. tomato610. brunch611. laugh612. suitcase613. coin614. spade615. mental616. comfort617. receiver618. Africa619. percentage620. wrong621. correspond622. reflect623. spy624. somebody625. religious626. last627. shade628. perfume629. pity630. trouble631. necklace632. pancake633. interest634. hen635. dynasty636. single637. puzzle638. head639. mean640. break641. among642. certificate643. crowd644. wander645. box646. fix647. clinic648. grammar649. ball650. translate651. delete652. cheat653. adjust654. ill655. swing656. privilege657. quarter658. brain659. orbit660. attach661. blind662. wild663. plastic664. adaption665. lively666. reply667. yours668. assume669. saying670. composition671. sunshine672. union 673. angle 674. legal 675. death 676. observe 677. splendid 678. scar679. buy680. kill681. rent682. distinguish 683. lead684. vest685. effect 686. mud687. refer 688. globe 689. zip690. power 691. marriage 692. brilliant 693. pick694. speech 695. ancient 696. director 697. replace 698. pig699. autonomous 700. red701. output 702. die703. gifted 704. station 705. apple 706. teamwork 707. revision 708. revolution 709. surgeon 710. link711. average 712. section 713. fluency 714. underground 715. number 716. amusement 717. develop718. sword719. star720. greengrocer721. lucky722. eraser723. rainbow724. anxious725. beyond726. news727. waitress728. reference729. switch730. caption731. rough732. rail733. photo=photograph734. parrot735. must736. instant737. centre738. determine739. street740. voyage741. Ms.742. patient743. wake744. worker745. Internet746. coast747. benefit748. with749. already750. face751. none752. broad753. feed754. shoot755. across756. male757. Antarctic758. zone759. continue760. blackboard761. join762. defend763. tentative764. channel765. technical766. snow767. difficult768. bird769. widespread770. war771. pear772. lot773. excuse774. actress775. tablet776. score777. pronunciation778. such779. accent780. chat781. deer782. memorial783. within784. tent785. microwave786. success787. luggage788. ending789. noodle790. vain791. dentist792. district793. control794. bill795. professor796. indicate797. gentle798. helicopter799. airplane800. please801. allowance802. forehead803. stable804. fast805. lake806. quilt807. agenda808. command809. photographer810. monitor811. gift812. middle813. means814. glare815. breakfast816. mad817. currency818. detective819. VCD=visual compact disk820. prisoner821. dinner822. helmet823. handwriting824. thankful825. enough826. psychology827. skin828. amuse829. cut830. poisonous831. hearing832. praise833. flight834. ash835. crime836. troublesome837. coke838. circulate839. address840. numb841. drunk842. resign843. menu844. congratulate845. gay846. plain847. affair848. chicken849. deed850. pure 851. cover852. error853. relationship854. snowy855. ticket856. subject857. throughout858. applicant859. ceiling860. manner861. type862. remark863. mop864. smog865. lid866. topic867. literature868. garment869. squirrel870. aloud871. next872. barrier873. sharp874. declare875. headline876. appreciation877. vivid878. well879. a.m./am,A.M./AM880. thief881. skirt882. wildlife883. cater884. tissue885. leader886. hide887. bit888. pioneer889. nation890. disagree891. relevant892. drawer893. dip894. treatment895. regular896. duty897. metre898. download899. canal900. vague901. foot902. letter903. sadness904. skate905. motherland906. dress907. some908. major909. lie910. tractor911. plus912. honour913. bow914. public915. reform916. fill917. mathematics=math/maths918. admission919. throat920. civil921. goat922. watch923. environment924. taxpayer925. whether926. anxiety927. carrier928. captain929. apology930. broadcast931. compete932. matter933. decision934. unwilling935. Europe936. coincidence937. circle938. oppose939. forty940. arrest941. shore942. unit943. origin944. use945. inn946. electronic 947. volunteer 948. team949. burst950. thread951. innocent 952. skyscraper 953. hero954. twin955. tiny956. expense 957. surface 958. swift959. thermos 960. tutor961. dimension 962. god963. behave964. jog965. wax966. bad967. outside 968. vital969. leaf970. Asian971. pet972. each973. no974. theater975. think976. storm977. neighbourhood 978. clock979. dare980. explode 981. peaceful 982. pale983. assumption 984. typewriter 985. concentrate 986. several987. bell988. bitter989. reason990. dance991. pest992. shame993. bored994. point995. analysis996. bus997. identification998. need999. spoon1000. nephew1001. physician1002. judgment1003. gallon1004. meeting1005. tobacco1006. wash1007. relation1008. breathe1009. clean1010. chart1011. faith1012. hook1013. percent1014. instruction1015. daughter1016. intention1017. yourself1018. booth1019. secure1020. semicircle1021. voice1022. food1023. strait1024. addicted1025. cartoon1026. prepare1027. shave1028. fight1029. apparent1030. metal1031. pink1032. passive1033. lovely1034. transparent1035. click1036. outward(s)1037. adolescent1038. than1039. fire1040. sick1041. grasp1042. ashamed1043. black1044. interpreter1045. weed1046. from1047. beauty1048. schoolboy1049. towel1050. beg1051. biochemistry1052. into1053. symptom1054. subscribe1055. shrink1056. allow1057. accountant1058. disturb1059. avenue1060. meet1061. message1062. bread1063. sheet1064. secret1065. whenever1066. pardon1067. physical1068. athlete1069. requirement1070. glory1071. surround1072. violin1073. aluminium1074. birthplace1075. nuclear 1076. equal 1077. most 1078. often 1079. soup 1080. rigid 1081. adjustment 1082. blue 1083. abstract 1084. steady 1085. rope 1086. sink 1087. goose 1088. place 1089. truck 1090. job 1091. wide 1092. compromise 1093. arrival 1094. rooster 1095. tick 1096. intelligence 1097. theme 1098. wait 1099. postpone 1100. hole 1101. deserve 1102. institute 1103. surrounding 1104. twice 1105. coal 1106. draw 1107. yard 1108. destroy 1109. rag 1110. correction 1111. ownership 1112. predict 1113. agency 1114. I1115. automatic 1116. guess 1117. lunch 1118. rugby 1119. burden 1120. enter1121. discussion1122. struggle1123. editor1124. reduce1125. prohibit1126. persuade1127. day1128. sharpener1129. research1130. greet1131. educator1132. penny1133. get1134. cheap1135. lose1136. customs1137. salty1138. height1139. find1140. above1141. aid1142. Arctic1143. fuel1144. socialism1145. bend1146. terminal1147. compulsory1148. winner1149. grass1150. sweet1151. stream1152. irrigation1153. busy1154. low1155. swap1156. musician1157. cuisine1158. sacrifice1159. recommend1160. soldier1161. ruin1162. possible1163. anyway1164. judge1165. triangle1166. mother1167. attraction1168. pool1169. birthday1170. brown1171. howl1172. personally1173. offshore1174. application1175. dioxide1176. suite1177. obvious1178. wife1179. ham1180. speaker1181. mistake1182. least1183. game1184. sympathy1185. league1186. clumsy1187. millionaire1188. tournament1189. nod1190. socket1191. willing1192. blame1193. status1194. sincerely1195. emergency1196. nature1197. seal1198. pollute1199. sometimes1200. contribute1201. poster1202. postage1203. routine1204. kettle1205. piece1206. listen1207. lesson1208. painter1209. neither1210. postcode 1211. electric 1212. competition 1213. leather 1214. seem 1215. sausage 1216. format 1217. bamboo 1218. expose 1219. protect 1220. accident 1221. cubic 1222. yoghurt 1223. dictation 1224. plate 1225. inspire 1226. grandson 1227. stop 1228. anyhow 1229. merciful 1230. bathroom 1231. journey 1232. patience 1233. cinema 1234. chair 1235. survive 1236. change 1237. litre 1238. onto 1239. dirty 1240. mineral 1241. gather 1242. milk 1243. grill 1244. wall 1245. object 1246. spot 1247. ready 1248. patent 1249. land 1250. policewoman 1251. media 1252. tale1253. guest 1254. positive 1255. precise1256. march1257. speed1258. o'clock1259. donate1260. want1261. polite1262. troop1263. hotel1264. classify1265. fingernail1266. facial1267. classmate1268. graduation1269. pattern1270. card1271. powerful1272. brewery1273. homeland1274. distant1275. trust1276. stage1277. is1278. sell1279. import1280. convince1281. suffering1282. pork1283. grocer1284. satellite1285. statistics1286. himself1287. defence1288. rate1289. tense1290. army1291. factory1292. necessary1293. agriculture1294. impression1295. accustomed1296. few1297. flow1298. hold1299. moustache1300. corrupt1301. tasty1302. swear1303. condition1304. steep1305. courage1306. marry1307. extreme1308. those that1309. tourism1310. ground1311. glove1312. contain1313. chain1314. midnight1315. obtain1316. will1317. acid1318. stair1319. update1320. pay1321. evidence1322. carpet1323. advocate1324. cheer1325. blow1326. reject1327. comprehension1328. bathe1329. dumpling1330. high1331. my1332. airspace1333. promise1334. athletic1335. headmistress1336. slim1337. after1338. afterward(s)1339. refuse1340. organ1341. cautious1342. advise1343. fountain1344. wet1345. PE=physical 1346education 1346. remind 1347. whole 1348. down 1349. weekend 1350. punctuation 1351. shopping 1352. flag 1353. violate 1354. premier 1355. slice 1356. hunt 1357. healthy 1358. respond 1359. approve 1360. peach 1361. avoid 1362. sort 1363. daily 1364. trick 1365. bean curd 1366. many 1367. approach 1368. enquiry 1369. rude 1370. slow 1371. cab 1372. band 1373. transform 1374. paragraph 1375. freeway 1376. production 1377. international 1378. invent 1379. security 1380. rectangle 1381. his1382. treasure 1383. govern 1384. discount 1385. fantastic 1386. sight 1387. delay 1388. restaurant 1389. independence1390. spoken1391. might1392. which1393. accept1394. read1395. every1396. scientist1397. so1398. fever1399. acre1400. argument1401. holy1402. crew1403. door1404. today1405. meal1406. walk1407. scenery1408. found1409. gesture1410. come1411. ample1412. due1413. tree1414. meanwhile1415. try1416. construction1417. intend1418. nervous1419. here1420. divide1421. page1422. movement1423. decrease1424. raise1425. bench1426. fence1427. manager1428. interval1429. bowl1430. heel1431. disability1432. case1433. sweat1434. link1435. exist1436. mourn1437. performance1438. glad1439. ancestor1440. gun1441. recognise1442. different1443. toast1444. civilization1445. language1446. flee1447. zebra1448. select1449. never1450. broken1451. mutton1452. video1453. twist1454. shadow1455. stocking1456. algebra1457. help1458. cookie1459. elegant1460. endless1461. centigrade1462. glue1463. concern1464. basic1465. wallet1466. wave1467. dish1468. spelling1469. know1470. goods1471. practise1472. clothes1473. scientific1474. instead1475. teenager1476. welcome1477. careless1478. weigh1479. parking 1480. human being 1481. used 1482. north 1483. chopsticks 1484. principle 1485. loud 1486. African 1487. size 1488. strike 1489. biology 1490. absence 1491. deaf 1492. rare 1493. unrest 1494. saleswoman 1495. royal 1496. below 1497. movie 1498. bowling 1499. resist 1500. kingdom 1501. powder 1502. condemn 1503. capsule 1504. let1505. practical 1506. paddle 1507. temperature 1508. apart 1509. butterfly 1510. stand 1511. concert 1512. maximum 1513. simplify 1514. sleep 1515. spring 1516. tooth 1517. exercise 1518. reach 1519. overhead 1520. heaven 1521. dignity 1522. believe 1523. commitment 1524. parent1525. tired1526. tennis1527. flesh1528. ping-pong1529. circuit1530. decoration1531. review1532. courtyard1533. potato1534. various1535. destination1536. appoint1537. affection1538. severe1539. bush1540. conductor1541. sceptical1542. mask1543. why1544. poor1545. great1546. solid1547. permanent1548. nest1549. dust1550. assess1551. impossible1552. would1553. fat1554. rapid1555. northeast1556. oral1557. typical1558. harmful1559. darkness1560. defeat1561. spokeswoman1562. beneficial1563. wherever1564. skip1565. but1566. Olympic1567. confuse1568. preference1569. artificial1570. expression1571. drink1572. check1573. ban1574. interrupt1575. divorce1576. variety1577. altogether1578. anniversary1579. herb1580. jump1581. foolish1582. quick1583. he1584. deposit1585. at1586. train1587. shabby1588. ripen1589. worldwide1590. computer1591. sob1592. kick1593. thirst1594. partly1595. upset1596. chalk1597. diagram1598. appear1599. lamp1600. if1601. lorry1602. congratulation1603. forgetful1604. castle1605. skatebroad1606. toothpaste1607. ordinary1608. piano1609. collection1610. emperor1611. remove1612. unlike1613. encouragement1614. bungalow 1615. lazy1616. measure 1617. perhaps 1618. native 1619. ought 1620. wag1621. become 1622. astronomer 1623. contemporary 1624. villager 1625. rewind 1626. when 1627. receive 1628. other 1629. salary 1630. potential 1631. compass 1632. animal 1633. ear1634. pension 1635. annual 1636. salesman 1637. month 1638. behind 1639. drug1640. creature 1641. hire1642. respect 1643. granddaughter 1644. partner 1645. jaw1646. mind 1647. total1648. alarm 1649. aggressive 1650. mobile 1651. attention 1652. require 1653. air1654. basement 1655. belong 1656. equipment 1657. recite 1658. standard 1659. straight1660. chief1661. decade1662. shot1663. earthquake1664. scare1665. PC=personal computer1666. access1667. inform1668. rain1669. envy1670. feeling1671. keep1672. flour1673. yell1674. rid1675. badminton1676. newspaper1677. aim1678. disadvantage1679. admirable1680. stress1681. unable1682. occupy1683. laughter1684. referee1685. part1686. introduce1687. part-time1688. pulse1689. information1690. soon1691. theoretical1692. junior1693. journalist1694. chemist1695. pace1696. frequent1697. explicit1698. bounce1699. cat1700. happen1701. chemistry1702. sharpen1703. safe1704. form1705. steal1706. toilet1707. clothing1708. prescription1709. spell1710. advice1711. belief1712. differ1713. graduate1714. seek1715. spirit1716. nail1717. female1718. development1719. bottle1720. blank1721. round1722. host1723. cattle1724. barber1725. basis1726. bite1727. phone=telephone1728. parallel1729. friend1730. gym=gymnasium1731. equip1732. way1733. occupation1734. appearance1735. health1736. bomb1737. tour1738. print1739. addition1740. apartment1741. shut1742. supper1743. play1744. guilty1745. beast1746. diary1747. local1748. dog1749. progress 1750. boxing 1751. line 1752. diverse 1753. breakthrough 1754. dictionary 1755. supermarket 1756. shower 1757. wise 1758. controversial 1759. background 1760. spiritual 1761. handle 1762. bridge 1763. succeed 1764. calculate 1765. private 1766. reality 1767. accuracy 1768. smart 1769. sad1770. butter 1771. contradictory 1772. passenger 1773. contribution 1774. beautiful 1775. sideway 1776. brand 1777. maybe 1778. easy 1779. close 1780. bunch 1781. actual 1782. statesman 1783. province 1784. fierce 1785. Mrs. 1786. net1787. age1788. owner 1789. silver 1790. per1791. deep 1792. summary 1793. flash 1794. citizen1795. Christmas1796. opposite1797. blanket1798. pregnant1799. one1800. anchor1801. root1802. wear1803. participate1804. firm1805. neck1806. request1807. refrigerator1808. pile1809. changeable1810. brave1811. technology1812. magazine1813. the1814. sparrow1815. cook1816. evaluate1817. traditional1818. man1819. profit1820. random1821. bean1822. botanical1823. natural1824. night1825. double1826. shortly1827. lounge1828. teapot1829. scholarship1830. tease1831. warehouse1832. quiet1833. bag1834. side1835. uniform1836. pray1837. just1838. pupil1839. whale1840. helpful1841. tall1842. hers1843. outcome1844. eager1845. title1846. northern1847. bother1848. silence1849. sensitive1850. scissors1851. oneself1852. sail1853. arrange1854. postcard1855. ray1856. clear1857. kilogram1858. typhoon1859. dismiss1860. law1861. disappointed1862. failure1863. contradict1864. primitive1865. artist1866. boss1867. Catholic1868. chemical1869. aunt1870. science1871. operator1872. outer1873. dangerous1874. birth1875. arm1876. improve1877. separate1878. expand1879. America1880. rubber1881. police1882. wire1883. hurt。
基础英语语法english grammar
第一章词类词是语言中能表达一定意义且能自由运用的最小语言单位。
词可以表示人或事物的名称, 描述人或事物的行为、动作或状态。
它们有自己的功能特征,共同构成了词类。
一、词类概述根据语法功能, 词可分为十大类：名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词和动词。
根据意义, 词可分为实词和虚词。
实词指具有实际意义并能单独构成句子成分的词,包括名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类;虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显, 不能单独构成句子成分的词, 包括冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。
二、特殊词类英语中有四种比较特殊的词类：短语动词、短语介词、短语连词和从属关联词。
其中前三种为短语构成的词类,在实际运用中可分别把它们作为一个动词、一个介词或一个连词使用。
1、短语动词短语动词由“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”构成, 一般不再保留原动词的意义。
care for 关心; 照顾; 喜欢care about 在乎; 关心come up with 提出deal with 处理; 对付; 讲述get through 电话接通; 度过work out 计算出; 制定出; 结果是2、短语介词短语介词指由介词和其他词类构成的相当于一个介词的短语。
instead of 而不是in spite of 尽管thanks to 多亏了according to 根据because of 因为by the way 顺便……A little of every thing is nothing in the main.3、短语连词短语连词指由两个或两个以上的词构成的短语, 相当于一个连词。
as if/though 仿佛even if/though 即使是as/so long as 只要so that 以便; 如此……以致in order that 为了on condition that 只要for fear that 唯恐4、从属关联词从属关联词主要指引导从句的连接词。
译林版英语七下《Abilities》Grammar
线 他的主意多么有趣！
5． How beautiful the flowers are ！
这些花多么漂亮！
Period 3 Grammar
语 1．能使用can, could表示现在和过去的能力；能使用can, 法 聚 could和may表示许可。 焦 2．能使用What和How引导感叹句来表达强烈的感情。
Period 3 Grammar
He can't have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago. 他不可能去上海了，因为我刚才还看见他了。 (2)could可用于表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。 The plane could be delayed by fog. 飞机可能会因为雾晚点。
Unit 7 Abilities
Grammar
Period 3 Grammar
课前自主预习
单 词 1.吸(烟)，抽(烟) /sməʊk/___sm__o_k_e _____ 闯 2.照相机 /ˈkæmərə/___c_a_m_e_r_a____ 关
Period 3 Grammar
1．没问题___no__p_ro_b_le_m___ 2．一个游玩的好地方 _a__go_o_d_p_l_ac_e_t_o_h_a_ve__fu_n___ 短 3．随身带上相机 __ta_k_e_a_c_a_m_e_r_a_w_it_h_s_b_. _ 语 4．将某物忘在家里_l_ea_v_e_s_th_._a_t _h_om__e_ 互 5．飞得与光一样快 __f_ly_a_s_f_as_t_a_s_li_g_ht__ 译 6．by the way _顺__便_问__一_下__，__顺__便_说__说____ 7．make a call on your mobile __用_你__的_手__机__打_电__话___ 8．see through walls___看_穿__墙__壁____
语法练习的英语怎么说
语法练习的英语怎么说很多学生学习英语时都认为英语语法时最难的，做很多语法练习题也学不好。
那么你知道语法练习的英语是什么吗?下面是店铺为你整理的语法练习的英语，希望大家喜欢!语法练习的英语Grammar practice语法练习的英语例句1. He is doing an exercise in English grammar.他在做英语语法练习.2. You should finish your grammar drills in the class.你应该在课堂上完成语法练习.3. After reading the text, we went on to do some grammar exercises.读完课文后, 我们接着做了一些语法练习.4. What do you do on Friday? We do grammar exercises.你们星期五干什么 ?我们做语法练习.5. Which do you like better, grammar or translation exercises?你更喜欢什么---语法练习呢,还是翻译练.6. We do grammar exercises.我们做语法练习.7. I prefer doing practical exercise to working at grammar.相比学习语法,我更倾向于做实际的练习.8. The teacher was drilling the student in English grammar.该教师在让学生练习英文语法.9. Study English II : Activating Your Grammar.热身练习二:激活你的语法.10. I did exercises in English grammar.我做英文语法的练习.语法练习题及参考答案1.She said that she __ much progress since she came here.A. makesB. madeC. have made D had made2. “What’s the matter, Ali? You look sad." “Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I my friends back home."A. just thoughtB. have just been thinkingC. was just thinkingD. have just thought3. She on this essay for twenty minutes but she has written only about a hundred words.A. will be workingB. workedC. has been workingD. will have worked4. The committee will not make the decision until it the matter.A. has investigatedB.investigatesC. will have investigatedD. investigated5. Carey didn’t go to the party last night because she th e baby for her sister until 9:30.A. must have looked afterB. would have to look afterC. had to look afterD. should have looked after6. four years since John left school.A. They have beenB. It isC. It wasD. Those are7.The car at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about 4 o' clock this afternoon.A. has goneB. has not gone C will be going D. has been going8. By the time you arrive in London, we __ in Europe for two weeks.A. shall stayB. have stayedC. will have stayedD. have been staying9. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed .A. had producedB. have been producedC. would haveproduced D. had been produced10. The president __ the delegation at the airport but he was taken ill last night, so the vice-president is going to instead. A. is to meet B. was to meet C. has been to meet D. was to have met 语法练习题答案与详解1.(D) 根据时态一致的原则，间接引语(或宾语从句)的时态应与主句的时态一致。
语法英语教案范文全英文版
语法英语教案范文全英文版Grammar is an essential component of learning English. It provides the structure and rules that govern the language, allowing learners to communicate effectively and accurately. In this English grammar lesson plan, we will cover the basics of grammar including parts of speech, sentence structure, and common grammar mistakes.Lesson PlanTitle: Understanding English GrammarObjective: By the end of this lesson, students will be able to identify the parts of speech, construct grammatically correct sentences, and avoid common grammar mistakes.Materials: whiteboard, markers, handouts, grammar worksheetsIntroduction (10 minutes)1. Begin by defining what grammar is and its importance in communication.2. Discuss the basic parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.3. Provide examples of each part of speech and ask students to identify them in sentences.4. Use the whiteboard to write down examples and explain the function of each part of speech.Main Activities (40 minutes)1. Sentence Structure: Review the basic parts of a sentence (subject, verb, object) and demonstrate how they work together to form a complete thought.2. Practice Activity: Hand out worksheets with incomplete sentences and ask students to identify and fill in the missing parts.3. Common Grammar Mistakes: Discuss common errors such as subject-verb agreement, pronoun-antecedent agreement, and punctuation.4. Practice Activity: Present students with sentences containing errors and ask them to correct them.5. Group Activity: Divide students into groups and have them create their sentences using the parts of speech and sentence structure rules they have learned.Closure (10 minutes)1. Review key points of the lesson and ask students if they have any questions.2. Encourage students to continue practicing their grammar skills outside of the classroom.3. Assign homework consisting of grammar exercises to reinforce the concepts learned in class.Assessment1. Monitor student participation during the activities to assess understanding.2. Collect and review the completed worksheets and exercises for accuracy.3. Provide feedback to students on their progress and areas for improvement.By the end of this lesson, students should have a better understanding of English grammar and be able to apply it in their spoken and written communication. Regular practice and reinforcement of grammar concepts will help students improve their language skills and become more confident in using English.。
grammar英文作文
grammar英文作文英文：As a language learner, I believe that grammar is a crucial aspect of mastering a language. It provides the structure and rules that allow us to communicate effectively. Without proper grammar, our sentences can be confusing or even meaningless.For example, in English, the word order is importantfor conveying the intended meaning of a sentence. If I were to say "I love my dog more than you," it has a different meaning than "I love you more than my dog." The placement of the words "you" and "my dog" changes the entire meaning of the sentence. This is just one example of how grammar plays a vital role in language.Another reason why grammar is important is that it helps us to express ourselves clearly. When we use the correct grammar, our ideas and thoughts are presented in away that is easy for others to understand. On the other hand, if we make grammatical errors, it can lead to misunderstandings and confusion. For instance, if I were to write an email to a potential employer with numerous grammar mistakes, it would reflect poorly on my professionalism and could cost me a job opportunity.中文：作为一个语言学习者，我相信语法是掌握一门语言的关键。
grammar英文作文
grammar英文作文I woke up this morning feeling refreshed and ready to take on the day. The sun was shining through my window, and I could hear the birds chirping outside. It was the perfect start to a new day.Walking to the kitchen, I could smell the aroma of freshly brewed coffee. I poured myself a cup and took a sip, savoring the rich flavor. It was the little things likethis that made me appreciate the simple joys in life.After breakfast, I decided to go for a walk in the park. The fresh air filled my lungs, and I felt a sense of calm wash over me. Nature has a way of grounding me andreminding me of what truly matters in life.As I strolled through the park, I came across a groupof children playing tag. Their laughter was contagious, and I couldn't help but smile. It was a reminder to not takelife too seriously and to find joy in the little moments.Heading back home, I sat down at my desk and started working on a project. The creative juices were flowing, and I felt inspired to bring my ideas to life. There's something fulfilling about being able to create something from scratch.As the day drew to a close, I reflected on all the moments that brought me happiness. It's easy to get caught up in the hustle and bustle of life, but taking the time to appreciate the small things can make all the difference. Today was a good day, and I'm grateful for every moment of it.。
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The glass was broken by Jack. The windows were closed by Tom last night.
（3）作表语的过去分词前可以有修饰 语，而被动语态的过去分词前不能加修 饰语。 The glass was broken by Tom.
Your composition is well written.
3、 有些过去分词作前置定语和 后置定语时意义不同。
in the given time with the words given a concerned look the people concerned a wanted person workers wanted 在既定的时间内 用所给的单词 关切的神情 有关人士 被通缉的人 招聘工人
Step1. Review Step2. Grammar
Activity1. Translation Activity2. Explanation Activity3. Exercises Activity4. Multiple choice Step3. Homework
Grammar
The Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative
2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
（１）作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表 示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。 The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded （２）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句 子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟by短语。
Teaching Method and Studying Way:
Teaching Method: “ 3P” teaching method. Studying Way: Competition. Teaching Aids:
Blackboard, PPT.
Teaching Procedure:
2、过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词或指示代词 those时，要放在这些词的后面。 He is one of those invited. Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him.
About the Ss As Senior2 Ss, they are at different levels of English fluency, some of them have lost interest in English. So during the lesson, the teacher can arrange some games to let all of them join in to attract their interest and let them be confident and taste the joy of success.
4. When I got back, I saw a message
door
C
“Sorry to miss you; I will call later.”
B. pinning, reading D. pinned, read
A. pin, read C. pinned, reading
5、A boy B Jack won the game. A boy A himself Jack won the game.
Lesson Plan Presentation
New Senior English For China Student’s
Book５ Unit １ Great scientists
Grammar
My Understanding of the Teaching Material
Teaching Method and Studying Way
Answers
Past Participle Attribute 1.terrified people 2.reserved seats 3.polluted water 4.a crowded room 5. a pleased winner 6. astonished children 7.a broken vase as the Past Participle as the Predicative 1.people who are terrified 2.seats that are reserved 3.water that is polluted 4.a room that is crowded 5.a winner that is pleased 6.children who look astonished 7.a vase that is broken
•1.The encouraged people are excited. •2. The broken cup is thrown away. •3. I want to write stories about people addicted to drugs. •4. We are studying in a school built 70 years ago.
2. With a lot of different problems ____, C the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
3. Don’t use words, expressions or phrase ____ D only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known C. to be known B. having been known D. known to the
Teaching Procedure
Blackboard Work
My Understanding of the Teaching Material
Analysis of the Teaching Material The grammar knowledge of this unit is about the past participle as the predicative & attribute. The exercises in Discoving Useful Structures are well designed. The teacher can finish those exercises through playing games and add other exercises if necessary.
Teaching Objectives
1.Knowledge: The Ss will learn something about the past participle as the predicative & attribute.
2.Skill:
The Ss will develop the skill of doing exercises.
过去分词具有动词的性质，同时兼
有形容词或副词的性质，在句中可以作
表语、定语、状语和补足语。
定语——在句中修饰名词或代词的成分。 表语——是谓语的一部分，位于系动词 之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态。
一、作定语修饰名词或代词 1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面， 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面.
the falling leaves
the fallen leaves
boiled water
the risen sun
3. 现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子 主语的特征、特性。 过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子 主语的心理感受或状态。
a moving film a moved audience The news is exciting. We were excited to hear it.
现在分词与过去分词区别 1.语态上
现在分词: 表示主动的动作
过去分词: 表示已经被动的动作
I heard someone opening the door . I heard the door opened .
现在分词: 表示正在进行的动作
2.时间上
过去分词: 表示完成的意思
boiling water the rising sun
8、 Who is the man A to your father just now? Who is the man B to just now? A.speaking B. spoken
9、The building A last year is seventy meters high. The building C now is seventy meters high.
8.a closed door
9.the tired audience 10.a trapped animal
8.a door that is closed
9.the audience who feel tired 10.an animal that is trapped
Hale Waihona Puke PracticeB through a computer 1. Prices of daily goods ____ can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying