人教 英语 八年级下册 2单元知识点笔记

Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

1.动词不定式：to+动词原形。否定式：not to +动词原形。

1）. 作宾语，用在want, like, hope, try, r等及物动词后，构成动宾结构“V+to do….”。例如：I want to buy a bike.

(wish, start/begin,forget, remember, decide, learn , volunteer….)

2）. 作宾语补足语，用在ask, teach, tell, advise等动词后，构成“ V+ sb/sth +to do”的结构。例如：I ask Tom to bring me a book.

(order, wish, would like…..)

3）.作主语，为了避免头重脚轻，用it作句子的形式主语。（特殊句型）例如：It is important for me to study English.

4）.作表语，长位于系动词be之后。例如：My dream is to travel around the world.

5）.作定语，位于所修饰的名词或代词后。例如：Who is the last student to leave.

6）.作目的状语，表示行为的目的。例如：She goes there once a week to help kids.

特别注意：

1.表示感官的动词（see，hear, watch, feel, notice等）和某些

使役动词（let，make, have等）, 其后可跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式通常省略to. 例如：He often makes us laugh.

2.当上述动词用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式要带to.

例如：We are often made to laugh by him

3.动词help之后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to. 例如：I often

help students (to) study better.

2.动副短语：“动词+副词”构成。

当宾语为人称代词时，要放动词和副词的中间用宾格，当宾语为名词时，放在动词和副词的中间和后面都可以。

例如：put up the notice, put the notice up, put it up.

常见的动副短语：clean up, cheer up, call up, put up, fix up, cut up, look up, set up, give out, hand out, find out, help out, cut off, put off, take off, turn off, cut down, write down, turn down, put down, put on, turn on, give away, take away……..

2.in order to+动词短语，意为“为了….”= in order that/so that+ 句子

3.alone 单独的、单独地,独自一人地= by oneself= on one’s own,

live alone

Lonely，adj, 孤独的，偏远的。Feel lonely, live in a lonely island. 例句：He doesn’t feel lonely, although he lives alone.

尽管他独自生活，但他不感到孤独。

4.主语+make+it+adj+to do sth. 意为“主语让做某事。。。。。”

it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为“to do sth”.

类似的句型：主语+find+it +adj+to do sth. 意为“主语发现做某事。。。”

It作主语的句型：It’s +adj+(for/of sb)+ to do sth. 真正的主语为“to do…”

5.the+adj,表示一类人。如：the poor, 穷人；the rich 有钱人；the disabled 残疾人；the blind 盲人；

6. 动词短语区别：

put up 粘贴，put on穿上，put off推迟，put out 扑灭put..in把..放..里put… down 把…放下

7. 动词固定搭配：

1.Imagine doing sth 想象做某事（finish，enjoy，practice，

mind, stand, keep, avoid）

2.Volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事

词汇（红色为重要词汇）：

1.Clean up 打扫干净

2.Cheer up （使）振奋起来

3.Give out 分发，

e up with 想出；提出=think up

5.Put off 推迟

6.Hand out 分发

7.Call up 打电话给…征召

ed to be…过去常常是

9.Care for照顾= look after= take care of..

10.Try out..参加…选拔；试用

11.Raise money 集资，筹钱

12.Fix up修理

13.Give away赠送；捐赠

14.Take after （外貌或行为）像= be like

15.Set up 建立

16.Make a difference to…对…有影响，对…有作用

17.An after-school study program 一个课外学习项目

18.Make some notices 制作通知

19.At an old people’s home 在一个敬老院

20.Read the newspaper to sb 给某人读报纸

21.One day 某一天

22.Notice sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事

notice sb do sth 看到某人做某事的整个过程

23.at the age of+数字在多少岁的时候

24.be similar to 与…类似

25.be excited about…对…很兴奋

重点单词

Cheer up, give out, volunteer, come up with, put off, notice, hand out, call up, used to, lonely, care for, several, strong, feeling, satisfaction, joy, owner, journey, raise, alone, repair, fix up, give away, take after, broken, letter, set up, disabled, make a difference to, blind, deaf, imagine, difficulty, open, carry, train, excited, understand, change, interest,