英语句子成分讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

1. 主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。可以由名词（短语），代词（短语），动名词（短语），数词(短语)，非谓语动词（to do/ doing), 主语从句充当。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）

He likes dancing. （代词）

Five and four is nine. (数词)

Seeing is believing. （动名词）

To see is to believe. （不定式）

What he needs is a book. （主语从句）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）

2. 谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。可以由动词或动词短语充当，或由系动词+表语充当。

We study English.

He is asleep.

The police will look into the case.（复合谓语）

The earth moves around the sun.

He is cooking in the kitchen.

She called me last night.

Tom can swim.

3. 表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。可以又名词(短语)，代词（短语），数词（短语），介词短语，副词（短语），非

谓语动词和从句充当。

He is a teacher. （名词）

Five and five is ten. （数词）

He is asleep. （形容词）

His father is in. （副词）

The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)

My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）

Her dream is to be a lawyer.（不定式）

The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）

（常见的系动词有全系动词be; 表感官的系动词sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）; 表保持的系动词remain （保持，仍是）, keep, stay; 表变化的系动词turn, get, become, go; 表终止的系动词turn out(结果是，被证明是)，prove被证明是。

It sounds a good idea.

Her voice sounds sweet.

Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious.

The door remains open.

Trees turn green in spring.

Her plan turns out a success.

4. 宾语：可以由名词(短语)，代词(短语)，数词(短语)，动名词(doing), 不定式(to do)和宾语从句充当。

1）动作的承受者-----动宾

I like China. （名词）

He hates you. （代词）

We need two. （数词）

We should help the old and the poor.

I enjoy working with you. （动名词）

I hope to see you again. （不定式）

Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）

2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake.

Under the snow, there are many rocks.

Upon finishing his studies, he started traveling in China.

He spent five dollars on this book.

She goes to school on foot.

3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday.

Give the poor man some money.

Please show me your ticket.

My father bought me a new computer.

常见的双宾语及物动词：give, show, teach, lend, send, tell, buy等。

5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式(to do)，现在分词(doing)，过去分词(done)充当。

We elected him monitor. （名词）

（名词）

We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.

We will make them happy. （形容词）

We found nobody in. (副词)

Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）

Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）

Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）

I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）

6.主补：对主语的补充。

(注：主动语态中的宾语补足语就是被动语态中的主语补足语)

He was elected monitor.

She was found singing in the next room.

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

7. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。可以由名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词（短语），介词短语，现在分词，过去分词，不定式和定语从句充当。

Tom is a chemistry teacher.（名词）

He is our friend. （代词）

We belong to the third world. （数词）

He wants to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）

The man over there is my old friend.(副词)