美国旋转门计划

Leabharlann Baidu


独立战争 后美国面 对的困境
美国独立战争之后，国内外债务总额 高达5400万美元，其中包括严重贬值 的4000万美元的大陆币，以及各州政 府未偿还的2500万美元的债务。

After the War of independence, domestic and foreign debts reached 54 million U.S. dollars, including 40 million US dollars of serious devaluation of currencies on the mainland, as well as state governments of outstanding debt of 25 million US dollars

旋转门计 划第二步
其次，政府开始发行新债券，而新债 券只能用新货币来购买。这样，新货 币又回流到财政部。最后，财政部用 这笔钱，来回购战争期间的所有债券 和借条。

Second, the government has started to issue new bonds, and the new bonds can only use the new currency to buy. In this way, the new currency is returning to the Ministry of finance. finally, the Ministry of Finance with this sum of money, to repurchase all of the war bonds and promissory note.

汉密尔顿 的由来
亚历山大· 汉密尔顿（Alexander Hamilton，1757年1月11日－1804年7 月12日），美国金融家、军官、政治 家，美国开国元勋之一，首任美国财 政部长

American financier , military officers and politicians, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, the first US Secretary of the Treasury


旋转门在 华尔街的 影响
汉密尔顿需要推动旋转门的第一个力量，而华尔街正 等待着与政府的第一次合作。经纪人赚取美利坚合众 国成立后第一桶金的机会来了。华尔街上的经纪人， 对财富有着最敏锐的嗅觉。虽然“旋转门”计划还没 有被国会通过，但是，经纪人们已经开始不动声色地 从各州购买旧货币，而收购的价格是票面价格的十分 之一。华尔街将会全力以赴地配合汉密尔顿的计划， 只有这样，经纪人们低价囤积的旧货币，才能真正转 变为巨大的财富。 Hamilton need to push the revolving door with the first strength, while Wall Street is waiting for the first cooperation with the government. Brokers earn the United States of America after the establishment of the first bucket of gold opportunity came. Wall Street brokers , with the sense of smell. Although “revolving door” plan haven„t passed by |Congress, however, brokerage people have started quietly to buy old currency, and the purchasing prices is the tenth of the price. Wall Street will try our best to cooperate with Hamilton's plan, only in this way, the old currency hoarding by brokers, can really change for great wealth.

旋转门 计划的 第一步
首先，财政部发行新货币，手持旧货 币的人可以按照票面价格进行一比一 地兑换。这样，旧的货币退出了市场， 取而代之的是信誉良好的新货币。

First of all, The person holding the old currency can be carried out in accordance with the face value of a new currency exchange more than one place In this way, the old currency out of the market, replaced by a reputable new currency.

汉密尔 顿提出 的计划
在担任财政部长期间，汉密尔顿提出了著名 的旋转门计划，用来解决当时美国联邦政府 在独立战争后的财务危机。 财政部面对的是 一文不值的货币，和五花八门的独立战争债 券和借条。

He served as finance minister in this period of time , Hamilton put forward the famous "revolving door ” plan to Solve the United States after the war of independence, the federal government's financial crisis. The Treasury is facing the worthless currency and multifarious independent war bonds and receipt for loans .

旋转门计 划的具体 步骤
具体步骤是发行新货币，按1：1与原货币 进行兑换。政府随后发行债券，将流入市 场的新货币回收。最后利用回收的货币去 购买独立战争期间遗留的各种债券。这一 方案成功的解决了当时的美国政府的财务 危机，发行国债成为美国政府的一种重要 的经济调控手段。

Concrete steps are issuing the new currency with the original currency according to 1:1 exchange. The government then issuing bonds will enter the market new monetary recycling. Finally, using the recovery of currency to buy the war of independence from various bonds. This program is a success at the U.S. government that can solve the financial crisis, the issue of U.S. government debt become an important economic control measures.

旋转门计 划总结
至此，旧账全部还清。政府用新债代 替旧债，留住了国家的信用。这个计 划，被后人形象地称为“旋转门”计 划。

So far, Old accounts had been paid off. The government is using new debt to replace old debt, keep national credit. The plan, to be remembered vividly that called "revolving door" plan.

旋转门造 成的影响
汉密尔顿创造了一种“旋转门效应”： 财政部发行新纸币，用以取代旧的大 陆币，同时规定只有新纸币能购买政 府债券，这样旧纸币迅速退出了市场， 新纸币也很快回到了财政部。不到1年 的时间，政府用新发行的政府债券偿 还了2/3的旧债务。也就是用发行远期 债券来解决眼前的资金问题。
Hamilton created a “revolving door effect”: the Treasury to issue the new bill, to replace old continental coins, only the new notes can buy government bonds, so old notes quickly pulled out of the market, the new notes also soon returned to the ministry of finance. Less than one year, the government is using the new issue of the government bonds paid two-thirds of the old debts. With issuing long-term debts to solve the immediate financing problems.

汉密尔顿 的影响
在美国金融博物馆里，记录 了一句汉密尔顿在24岁时说 过的话。1781年，汉密尔顿 写道：如果不是太多的话， 国债将是一种对国家的恩赐。
In the Museum of American financial records a sentence of 24 - year - old Hamilton's language In 1781, the Hamilton wrote : if it is not too much, the national debt will be a gift to the country.

汉密尔顿 的对策
1789年华盛顿政府的财政部长是亚历 山大.汉密尔顿。面对财政危机，汉密 尔顿有两个措施，第一是发行新货币， 逐步取代已经严重贬值的大陆币；第 二就是发行联邦债券。

In 1789 Washington's financial minister is Alexander Hamilton. Facing a financial crisis, Hamilton has two measures, the first is to issue the new currency, gradually replace the serious depreciation of the mainland currency ; The second is issuing federal bonds.