7.免疫细胞膜分子(一)

免疫细胞膜分子（一）

北京大学医学部免疫学系

北京大学人类疾病基因研究中心/

韩文玲

2013年10月11日

免疫系统的功能

人体免疫系统历经30亿年的进化，形成复杂的精细调控系统，在机体发挥军队和警察的作用。

对外：抵御病源微生物和异己成分；

对内：清除病变、衰老细胞。

Stimulating immune responses against microbes by the process of vaccination is the most effective method for protecting

individuals against infections.

Worldwide eradication of smallpox

What is the immune system?

The collection of tissues, cells, and molecules that mediate resistance to infections is called the immune system.

Molecules of the immune system

Antibody;

Complement;

Cytokine;

Membrane molecules of immune cells, including TCR, BCR, PRR, HLA, HLDA et al.

Cytokines and membrane molecules mediate the interaction between immune cells

Engelhardt, K.R. et al, J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2012. 129 (2): 294-305.

Clinical application of cytokines and membrane molecules of immune cells

Foster, D et al. Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 2004, 3, 160–170.

免疫细胞膜分子

免疫细胞膜分子按其执行的功能，主要可以分为受体、MHC分子、协同刺激分子及粘附分子。

部分免疫细胞膜分子也被称为细胞表面标记（Cell Surface Marker），包括TCR、BCR等。

Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen

(HLDA)

The molecules appear or disappear on the cell surface of human leukocyte during the processes of development, differentiation, maturation, and activation.

HLDA Workshop （/ ）

CD（Cluster of Differentiation）

1、概念：以单克隆抗体鉴定为主，由国际白细胞分化

抗原会议将来自不同实验室的单克隆抗体所

识别的同一种分化抗原归为同一个分化群，

简称CD。

2、组成：

CD1-CD363；

多为动态表达；

T细胞发育: CD4-CD8-; CD4+CD8+; CD4+ or CD8+。

Cluster of Differentiation (CD)

The proposed surface molecule is assigned a CD number once two independent antibodies have the same specificity (bind to the molecule);

At least one specific mAb if its gene has been cloned.

New CDs require definitive molecular identification of the target antigen

There is at least one Workshop-characterized Ab and good molecular data;

The antigen is expressed on the surface of cells involved in immune reactions;

The Abs react with primary cells (not just transfectants or recombinant protein);

The Ab is available.

Indication of CD

Cell populations are usually defined using a …+‟ or a …-‟ symbol to indicate whether a certain cell fraction expresses or lacks a CD molecule.

Some cell populations can also be defined as hi, mid or low (alternatively bright, mid or dim), indicating an overall variability in CD expression, particularly when compared to other cells being studied.

Human Cell Differentiation Molecules

(HCDM)

HLDA8: The HLDA Council changed the name of the organization to reflect the broader objectives. The acronym “HLDA” will be succeeded by “HCDM”.

(1) To indicate a break with tradition, while retaining the letters “CD”;

(2) To maintain the emphasis on molecules of human origin;

(3) To extend the focus from leukocytes to other cell types, recognizing that leukocytes do not act alone.

(4) To broaden the scope from cell-surface molecules to any molecule whose expression reflects differentiation. (only surface membrane molecules will be given CD numbers, CD1-CD363)